US1576727A - Fastening device for sheet-metal roofings and sidings - Google Patents

Description

March 16 1926. 1,576,727

A. J. DENIST ON, JR

FASTENING DEVICE FOR SHEET METAL ROOFINGS AND SIDINGS Filed August 6, 1925 WKWZJJJZWZZLJZ Patented Mar. 1.6, 1926.-

UNITED STATES 1,576,727 PATENT OFFICE.

ALBERT J. nnmsron, an, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

rasrnmne nnvrcn ron SHEET-METAL noorrnos AND smmes.

Application filed August 6', 1925. Serial No. 48,528.

for Sheet-Metal Roofings and Sidings, of

which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in nails and tie-wires of the type extensively employed for fastening corrugated and flat sheet roofing or siding to the underlying rafters, purlins or studdingp It has long been a common practice touse for this purpose nails and tie-wires with loose lead washers beneath the head of the nail or tie-wire, with a View to obtaining a" moisture-proof joint between the head of the nail or wire and the aperture in the roofing or siding through which it asses. In practice, however, it has been ound that, in the case of nails driven into wooden rafters or studding, this result is but imperfectly obtained through the use of lead washers loosely mounted on the neck of the nail, since, in driving the latter the margin of the washer curls up around the edge of the nail head and frequently forms a shallow trough that collects water, and the latter gradually works down between the washer and the neck of the nail causing leaks and rotting the wood around the nail. Aside from this, in the operation of driving the nails, or applying the tie-wires, considerable time is expended b the workman in preliminarily stringing t e washers on the nails or tiewires.

With a view to improving these conditions, it has heretofore been proposed, in the case of nails, to completely embed the head of the nail in a body of lead either cast or die-pressed around the head. This. involves the use of a considerable quantity of lead and, furthermore, unless there is a considerable thickness of lead beneath the head of the nail, the latter is apt to be driven practically through the washer if the nail 1s driven far enough to securely fasten the roofing or siding in lace, so that moisture seeps down between t e washer and the edge of the nail head. It has also been proposed to employ a lead washer permanently united by casting or die-pressure to a specially formed neck and the periphery of the head of a convex headed nail, leaving the rounded upper surface of the head of the nail,

however, projecting above the washer. In this construction also, the blows of the hammer on the nail head not infrequently force the latter entirely through the washer so that the intended purpose of the latter is partly or wholly defeated; and, furthermore, a hole must .first be unched in the metal roofing or siding be ore the nail is driven, or the blow required to drive the point of the nail through the metal will loosen and open up the lead covering of the nail head.

One object of my present invention is to provide animproved fastening-either nail or tie-wire, with a lead washer permanently united thereto by either casting or die-pressure and of such a form and structure that as the fastening device is applied there can be no tendency to drive or pull the head of the device through the washer or disrupt the joint between the washer and the head and shank of the fastening device. Another object of the invention is to provide such a structure wherein there can be no opportunity for water to collect between the head and the washer and work downwardly between the head and neck and the washer. Another object is to provide a structure wherein, as the fastening device is driven or drawn into place, the soft metal of the washer .will be squeezed tightly. around the neck of the fastener and the un-' der side and periphery of the head of the latter will be completely seated in and covered by the metal of the washer, and the top of the head and of the washer shall present a substantially uniform flat surface free from any moisture-collecting channels or depressions. Other objects are to provide a nail which may safely be driven far enough to secure the roofing or siding in place without any danger of forcing the head of the nail through the washer or opening up a joint between the nail andthe washer, andto provide a nail of this type which will not require a nail hole to be first punched through the metal of the roofing the invention, with the soft metal headthereof shown in central vertical section;

Fig. 2 is a view showing a specific application of the nail of Fig. 1 as a corrugated metal roofing fastening; the latter appearing in vertical cross-section applied to a wooden rafter or purlin,

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2, showing the manner of using the nail as a fastening for corrugated metal siding, the latter and the wooden studding appearing 1n horizontal cross-section.

Fig. 4 is an elevation, similar to Fig. 1, of a tie-wire embodying the invention; and

Fig. 5 is a view in section through the roofing and an underlying metal purlin, showing the tie-wire of Fig. 4 in fastening position.

Describing first the nail form of the mvention illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3 A in Fig. 2 indicates a section of corrugated metal roofing resting upon an underlying wooden rafter or purlin B. C designates a wire nail of the ordinary well-known form having the usual fiat head D. Around the neck of the nail is permanently secured either by casting or die-pressure a conical washer E of lead or other soft metal. It will be observed that the Washer E encircles the neck of the nail immediately below the head and also covers the under side and periphery of the head I), the fiat top surface of the washer being flush with the flat top surface of the head. In other words, the head of the nail is countersunk in the top of the Washer to an extent that leaves its upper surface substantially flush and continuous with the upper surface of the latter.

The tapered sides of the washer are preferably and as herein shown inclined downwardly and inwardly at an angle of approximately forty-five degrees to the axis of the nail which, at the end of the nail driving operation, tends to pack the metal of the washer tightly around the neck and lower side of the head, due to the contact of the conical surface of the washer with the margin of the hole in the roofing through which the nail is driven. Where the washer is diepressed onto the nail this is not of much importance, but where the washer is cast on the nail, during the subsequent cooling the metal shrinks away slightly from the nail, so that the subsequent compression of the metal tightly against the nail in the driving operation neutralizes this slight defect inherent in this mode of applying the washer.

When the nails are used to attach the corrugated metal roofing A to the rafters or purlins B they are preferably driven through the crowns of the roofing as shown in Fig. 2 and when the nails are employed to attach corrugated metal siding A to stud.-

ding F, they are preferably driven through the valleys of the siding, as shown in Fig 3. In neither case is it necessary to first punch nail holes through the roofing or siding, since the hammer blows impart a driving force simultaneously to both the nail and the washer, so that there is no tendency to either drive the nail head through the washer or to break the joint between the neck of the nail and the washer. As the nail is finally driven into place, the lower end portion of the washer is packed into and slightly expands the nail hole around the neck of the nail, the soft metal of the washer spreading over the edge of the nail hole and effectively sealing the opening at this point against the ingress of moisture.

Figs. 4 and 5 illustrate an embodiment of the principle of the invention in a tie-wire; these latter being commonly employed in connection with metal purlins or studding into which, of course, a nail cannot be driven. C designates the stem or shank of the tie-wire, which is commonly formed of relatively soft and flexible metal having about the same diameter as the stem or shank of the nail illustrated in Figs. 1, 2 and 3. D is a head formed integrally on the stem or shank C and corresponding functionally to the head D of the nail C. E is the soft metal washer which is applied to the head and neck of the tie-wire in the same fashion and relation as the washer E. B in Fig. 5 designates a metal channel bar purlin or rafter, and G designates the corrugated metal roofing plates that are attached to the purlins by the tie-wire.

In this construction, holes to receive the tie-wire are, of course, first formed through the roofing, since the lower end of the tiewire is blunt and the metal thereof is not sufiiciently rigid to permit the same to be driven through the roofing. As the latter is laid over the purlin, the tie wire is entered through the aperture in the roofing and is pulled down hard and suitably anchored at its lower end to the purlin. In the method of fastening here shown, the lower portion of the stem or shank of the tie-wire is bent around beneath and over the edge of the lower flange of the purlin to anchor the tie-wire in place, but various other methods of securing the tie-wire are in vogue, and this feature forms no part of the present invention. As the wire is drawn down, the lower portion of the Washer is drawn tightly into the hole in the roofing, completely filling and sealing said hole; so that most of the advantages of the form of washer herein shown and described above in connection with a nail also inhere in the tie-wire. One advantage of practical importance lies in the elimination of the time heretofore required to string the loose 3 tinuation of an application heretofore filed can be very cheaply made, uses a relatively small amount of soft metal, does not require or involve any special structure of nail or tie-wire, and acts efiiciently to prevent the ingress of moisture either around the head and neck of the nail or wire or between the washer and the hole in the roofing or siding.

I am aware that soft metal washers permanently applied to the head and neck of a nail. are broadly old and known; but the form of washer herein shown with the top surface substantially flush with the top surface ofthe head of the fastening member possesses numerous advantages hereinabove enumerated which do not inhere in any other form or type of lead headed nail with which I am acquainted.

- I am also aware that shoe nails of the type commonly known as hobnails equipped with an auxiliary hard metal head encircling the head and neck of the nail proper and formed with downwardly and outwardly tapering spurs are also known. Such nails,'however, constitute an entirely different type of fastening device from those herein shown, and are employed in a different situation and for a different purpose,

and are useless for the purposes of the present invention. This application constitutes in part a conby me on the 30th day of March, 1925, Serial No. 19,205, for improvements in nails.

1. A unitary fastening device for the purposes described, comprising a shank, a head integral therewith, and a soft metal washer encircling and snugly fitting the portion of the shank directly beneath the head and the lower side and periphery of the latter, and onvits upper side substantially flush with the top surface of said head.

2. A unitary fastening device for the purposes described, comprising a shank, a head integral therewith, and a soft metal washer encircling and snugly fitting the portion of the shank directly beneath the head and the lower side and periphery of the latter, said washer being formed with downwardly and inwardly inclined sides and a flat upper side substantially flush and continuous with the top surface of said head.

3. A unitary fastening device for the purposes described, comprising a shank, a fiat head integral therewith, and a round lead washer encircling and snugly fitting the portion of the shank directly beneath the head and the lower side and periphery of the latter, said washer having straight downwardly and inwardly tapered sides inclined at an angle of approximately forty-five degrees from its axis and a flat upper side substantially flush and continuous with the top surface of said head.

ALBERT J. DENISTON, JR.

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