US157143A - Improvement in explosive compounds - Google Patents
Improvement in explosive compounds Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US157143A US157143A US157143DA US157143A US 157143 A US157143 A US 157143A US 157143D A US157143D A US 157143DA US 157143 A US157143 A US 157143A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- naphthaline
- nitro
- explosive
- improvement
- nitrated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 title description 16
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 title description 10
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- RJKGJBPXVHTNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-nitronaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=CC2=C1 RJKGJBPXVHTNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 10
- WFPZPJSADLPSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dinitrogen tetroxide Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)[N+]([O-])=O WFPZPJSADLPSON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 8
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 206010010254 Concussion Diseases 0.000 description 6
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004429 atoms Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M chlorate Chemical compound [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Inorganic materials [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-propanetrioltrinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000251729 Elasmobranchii Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chlorate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)=O VKJKEPKFPUWCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6S)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000875 corresponding Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003721 gunpowder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 2
- YNGRGHODNDCZCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitro hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)O[N+]([O-])=O YNGRGHODNDCZCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940001516 sodium nitrate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004642 transportation engineering Methods 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
- C06B31/02—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate
- C06B31/12—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate with a nitrated organic compound
- C06B31/14—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal nitrate with a nitrated organic compound the compound being an aromatic
Definitions
- the nature of my invention consists in mixing nitrated naphthaline with an oxidizing agent. This nitrated naphthaline is obtained by the action of nitric acid upon naphthaline,
- naphthaline is a yellow substance, consisting of mono, di, tri, or tetra nitro-naphthaline, in which one or more atoms of nitrogen-tetroxide are substituted for the corresponding number-of h ydrogen atoms. Strong nitric acid and high temperature will produce the higher nitratcd bodies, as di and tri nitro-naphthaline. From Weaker acid and lower temperatures mono and di nitro-naphthaline will result.
- All those ditferent nitro bodies will form useful explosive compounds when mixed with equivalent quantities of an oxidizing agent, which can supply snflicicnt oxygen to oxidize the surplus of carbon, more or less oxygen being furnished by the nitrogen-tetroxide of the nitro-naphthalines; and it follows that the higher the naphthaline has been nitrated the less of the oxidizing agent will be needed, but the greater will be the breaking power of the explosive compound.
- A. good blasting-powder of great breaking power is obtainedin thoroughly mixing the following substances: 2.18 pounds nitrate-d naphthaline No. I, 0.19 pound saltpeter, 0.16 pound sulphur.
- the required explosive compound is formed by mixing thoroughly 1 pound nitrated naphthaline No. II, 3.30 pounds saltpeter, 0.51 pound sulphur.
- Nitrated Naphth aline All these substances can be pulverized
- any other nitrate, or any chlorate, as sodiumnitrate, potassium chlorate, may be used.
- the powders prepared of yellow color. Friction or explode them. In unconfined ignite and burn, but not explode. Before coninicncing thus to ignite, the powder will first partially melt, and then burn.
- caps with mercury fuhninate, or a small addition of gun-cotton or nitro-glycerine must be used.
- the heat and concussion instantaneously developed by these bodies in their explosions will explode these powders.
- the same may be used with or without confinement, but the Their indifl'erence to friction, concussion,
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OEEIcE.
JARL WALTER VOLNEY. OF BOSTON, ,MASSACHUSETTS.
IMPROVEMENT IN EXPLOSIVE COMPOUNDS.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent llo. 157,] 43, dated November 24, 1874; application filed July 23, 1874.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, CARL VVALTER, VoL- NEY, of Boston, in the county of Suffolk and State of Massachusetts, have invented a certain Explosive Compound called Volneys Powder, of which the following is a specification:
The nature of my invention consists in mixing nitrated naphthaline with an oxidizing agent. This nitrated naphthaline is obtained by the action of nitric acid upon naphthaline,
The resultpf this treatment of naphthaline is a yellow substance, consisting of mono, di, tri, or tetra nitro-naphthaline, in which one or more atoms of nitrogen-tetroxide are substituted for the corresponding number-of h ydrogen atoms. Strong nitric acid and high temperature will produce the higher nitratcd bodies, as di and tri nitro-naphthaline. From Weaker acid and lower temperatures mono and di nitro-naphthaline will result.
All those ditferent nitro bodies will form useful explosive compounds when mixed with equivalent quantities of an oxidizing agent, which can supply snflicicnt oxygen to oxidize the surplus of carbon, more or less oxygen being furnished by the nitrogen-tetroxide of the nitro-naphthalines; and it follows that the higher the naphthaline has been nitrated the less of the oxidizing agent will be needed, but the greater will be the breaking power of the explosive compound.
This quality I make use of to prcpnrcpow ders of different strength in the following manner:
To prepare an explosive of great breaking power, for the filling of torpedoes, submarine blasting, blasting of.hard rock, &c., I treat naphthaline with strong nitro-sulphuric acid (two parts sulphuric acid of 1.84 specific gravity, and ,one part nitric acid of -1.5 specifigravity) at a temperature of 212 Fahrenheit. One hundred pounds of naphthaline require four hundred pounds of this acid. The reaction is finished in one hour. I All the naphtha line is then converted into a yellow crystalline mass, which is thoroughly washed with water, dried, and pulverized. It consists mainly of di and tri nitro-naphthaline, and'I not ignite packages, brought in contact with fire, it will call it, for this. purpose, Nitrated Naphthaline No.1.
A. good blasting-powder of great breaking power is obtainedin thoroughly mixing the following substances: 2.18 pounds nitrate-d naphthaline No. I, 0.19 pound saltpeter, 0.16 pound sulphur.
To prepare an explosive of less breaking power, which is, therefore, better adapted for military purp0ses,blasting in soft and fissured rock, as gypsum, limestone, 850., I incorporate one hundred pounds of naphtha-line into. four hundred pounds of nitric acid of 1.40 specific gravity, leaving these substances in contact for four or five days. The naphthaline is converted into a brown crystalline mass,which is washed with water dried, and pulverized. It consists mainly of it, for this purpose, No. 11.
The required explosive compound is formed by mixing thoroughly 1 pound nitrated naphthaline No. II, 3.30 pounds saltpeter, 0.51 pound sulphur.
Nitrated Naphth aline All these substances can be pulverized,
mixed, and treated in the same manner as the substances for and in the manufacture of common blasting or gun powder. Instead of saltpetcr, any other nitrate, or any chlorate, as sodiumnitrate, potassium chlorate, may be used.
The powders prepared of yellow color. Friction or explode them. In unconfined ignite and burn, but not explode. Before coninicncing thus to ignite, the powder will first partially melt, and then burn.
To elfect an explosion when desired, caps with mercury fuhninate, or a small addition of gun-cotton or nitro-glycerine, must be used. The heat and concussion instantaneously developed by these bodies in their explosions will explode these powders. The same may be used with or without confinement, but the Their indifl'erence to friction, concussion,
mono nitronaphthaline, 1 and more or less di nitro-naphthaline; I call in this manner are or concussion will and hem; under all circumstances render their handling and transportation safe. Their effective labor is very great.
I claim .as my invention- The explosive eompbund :composed of nitrated naplitlmline, substantially as described, and an oxidizing agent, prepared in the manner aiul substantiallyin the proportions and for the purposes set forth.
CARL W. VOLNEY. Witnesses GEORGE E. LINDLEY; JNO. L, LINDLEY.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US157143A true US157143A (en) | 1874-11-24 |
Family
ID=2226553
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US157143D Expired - Lifetime US157143A (en) | Improvement in explosive compounds |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US157143A (en) |
-
0
- US US157143D patent/US157143A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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