US1559559A - Oil burner - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 3, 1925- Nov. 3; 1925.

R. L. DORAN oIL BURNER Filed June 24, 1925 4 sheets-sheet 2 izda/Mo@ R. L. DORAN OIL BURNER Nov. 3,1925. 1,559,559

' Filed June 24, 1925 4v Sheets-Sheet :5`

Patented Nov. 3, 1925. I

, UNITED sflfarls-sr ROBERT L. DORAN, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

on. BURNER.

Application led .Tune 24,

ToaZl whom it may concern:

' Be it known that I. ROBERT L. DouAN,

va citizen of the United` States of America. and a resident of Chicago, in the county Nof Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Oil Burners, of which the following is a specification.

'This invention relates to oil burners intended for continuous operation throughout a season but provided with a Ithermostatic control device which regulates the burner to` operate with either a lo.w fiame or a. high flame according to changes in the temperature of the heated space.

The objects of the invention are toI pro- Vide an improved burner of this type'in order to always maintain a heated burnerhead so that when the supply of fuel to the burner is increased up to the normal running requirements, proper' conditions fory good combustion. will exist. By this means someA objections to intermittentlyv operated 'oil burners are avoided. Assuming that efficient- `combustion does not take place until the fuel is gasified 'and raised to the ignition temperature by heat, it is n ecessaryto provide means for promptly heating'thefuelas it arrives at the burner-head, otherwise operating/conditions a-re'nconstant to such-an Aextent .that `there is considerable escape ofunconsumed fuel ,upon startingoperations .beforesutlicient heat is generated to gasify thejfuel as required for efficient combustion. Thus with intermittently operated burners without means for-heating the initially dis? charged fuel, considerable time is ,required before proper conditions= areibro'ught about for eiicient operation of the burner.

It is" also the pur ose of theinvention to provide an improved burner which operates y natural draft when burning low and utilizes a forced draft only when an increase, in heat is required. It is also an object of the invention t0 provide improvements in the valve operating means whereby the valve for controlling the su ply of fuel may.' be shifted from a partial y open position to a more fully open position when the burner I changes over from thenatural draft foperation to forced draft operation.l A further purpose of the in ventionjisl to provide such a valve operating mechanism 'which automatically operates to permit the valve to move to fully closed sition in casel of, failure of correct operation of the burner.

The purposes of the invention are accom- '1925. Serial No. 39,290.

plished by a construction, as illustrated in the drawings, in which:

Figure I is a plan vie-W of the entire burner and operating mechanism therefor.

Figure 2 isa sectional detail of the hurner.

head taken on the line 2 2 of Figure 1.

Figures 3 and 4 are fragmentary side views of the construction shown in Figure 1.

Figure-5 is an'end view taken from the left of Figure 1. i

Figure 6 is an enlarged d-etail partly in section of the valve operating means shown in Figure 5.-

Figures 'Tand 8 are fragmentary details relating to automatic means for stopping the action of the burner as viewed in the direction indicated by arrows 7 and 8, Figure 6.

Figure 9 isa sectional detail of the fuel supplyA controlling valve and' operating means therefor taken on the line 9-9 of Figure 6.

Figure 10s a plan view of the mechanism shown in Figure 9.

One mam characterlstic of the burner herein described is that it operates under` natural draft according to some predetermined minimum heat requirements. and

change in conditionsof -operation is there-v forepnot sofextreme as withthe intermittently operated burners wherein there 'is a sudden discharge of atomized fuel into a cold burner-head and proper ope-ratingconditions cannot .be obtained until some time after starting an Operation as it is necessary for the fuelto'absorb a great-quantity of heat before it is', properlyconditioned for efficient combustion.4 Another feature of the improved construction is that the automatic means for stopping the operation of the burner, incase o a diaphragm for operating a shut-off valve and avoids the necessity of other forms of movable shut-off meansk which are liable to leak at. a\packing. A

In carrying out the invention Vas illustrated in the drawings, fuel is supplied unfalure ofI ignition, includes der pressure through conduit 1 (Figure 1) v 'from which it flows through a yvalve housing '2 (Figure 9) past theI valve 3 into diaphragm chamber 4 and from there through the passageway 5 to the conduit 6 leading to the burner. `The valve 3 is urged toward its closed position by a spring 7 but is normally shaft t). mines thenunuuum flow ot' the fuel and imum quantity ot prevented from closing`- by a cani 8 on a The setting ofvthis valve deterwhen in this position the operation of the burner is simply the lulu-ning ot this minimum supply ot fuel as it leaves the outlet end 10 of conduit 6, the air being drawn into the hurner-hcad 11 through the tuhe 1Q surrounding the fuel conduit and connnunieating with a fan casing 13 having an air inletopening.:` 14, The burning ot this minfuel under the natural draft created thereby furnishes a moderate quantity of heat and also serves to keep the hurner ll in a heated condition so that the t'uel delivered thereto will rapidly v-aporize, therefore. when the flow of fuel isinereased to normal the operating conditions are not so had as with al burner which is i'iern'iitted to get cold at intervals between times of normal operation. The burner is under thermostatic control for the purpose ot shitting valve #l to its more open position when more heat isrequired. 'lhe 'thermostatic control apparatus is not illustrated in the drawings as it includes a standard construction of electromagnetie means under the control of a thernjiostat for turning on and off the switch ot' the motor. 'lhis electroniagnetie means is included in easing l5 in which casing a switch is also mounted tor controlling the operation of an electric motor 16 (Figure il) At'or driviu; r a hlower 17. 'lhe switch operating mea-ns in casing l5 serves to rotate shaft.A t) extending therefrom, 180 degrees at each operation. 'lhus when the thermostatic control means closes the motor switch h v rotating shat't l). IS() degrees t'rom the '/.ero position shown in Figure t), the tlat part 18 o'f cam 8 moves awav trom the nut 19 at the end of the stem ol valve il, and the higher circular part o|` the cam presses the nut inwardl' and shifts the valve to its more open position. thus allowinLr a greater tlow of t'uel to the hnruer. At the same time motor It; is started operating the lfan within the hlower housing l7 and forcing additional air through the tuhe l2 to the hurnerhead as required for. efficient combustion at. the increased rate of fuel supply. When the thermostatic control device etlects an other halt turn of shaft. 9 when the room temperature tor which it is set is reached. flat part. 18 ot' cani 8 comes opposite the'nut t9 and the valve returns to its normal position, as shown in Figure 9, under action of its spring 7. The valve housing 2 is completely sealed at one end hy 'plug l'ltl against which spring 7 seats and at the opposite end hv a diaphragm 20 clamped to the valve housingI hy ring 2l and screws 99.. 'lhe valve stein Q3 has a shoulderL 24 hearing against one side of the diaphragm and carries the nut itl at its end` hearing against `the `op-v posite side ot the dial'ihragm. Thepurpose Vpendent upon unhurned fuel draining a iacked heal-in r. Packing would likewise :L r.

interfere with the free movement of the valve under the action ot' its spring.

'lhecam 8 is splined to shaft 9 as illus trated in Figure 6 so that the cam may rotate with the shaft (i but still he capable of longitudinal movement along the 'key way 'lhe purpose ot' this construction is to permit the cam to slide along the shattf), under certain conditions` entirely away from nut 1t) on the end ot the valve stem and thus permit the valve and diaphragm Q0 to' move rto the right (Figure 9) where the valve hecomes seated and prevents all flow et fuel from supply conduit 1 to the conduct 6 leading to slide away r:from the nut 19. along the shaft 9 hy a spriner Q6 hut is normally prevented from so moving hy a rod 9.7 in the hollow end et sha'tt 9 and carrying a pin QS passing through the key way 25 and hearing on the le'l't side of cam 8. At its opposite end rod 27 hears against a knob Q9 on the up er end ot a `vertical rod 80. This rod is hel(` in the position in which it is shown in Figure (l h v a spring 31 hearing between the loyer arm 32 ot' the hearing hraeklet. 33 for rod 30. and

a collar let secured to the rod h v a Set screw. A weight S5 is slidahle along therod 30 hut normally held in its upper position by latch lt. lt this latch is shifted away from heneath the weight fll the latter drops and when it strikes collar 34 shifts the rod downwardly a sullicient extent to release rod 27,

permitting it to move outwardly along thev hollow part ot shaft t) under the action of the burner. The cam 8 is urged to l spring S26 hearing against the cam S and through the cam S presslngagainst. pin 28 ot rod Q. 'lher .\t`ore when the rod 97 is released the cam S shil'ts entirely clear ot" uut l!) and permits the vulve fito heeome seated. `A fter the cam S is so rotation ot its shaft t) h v electromagnetic means within the controller 15 will not atleet the position of valve 3 and therefore the oil burner cannot function. Y 'y' 'The operation of the shut-ott means is defrom the hurneehead 1.1 into a cup-37 hung Vtrom the end ot'a lever 38; Y `The eup' 'and lever 38 are normally held in the position' indicated in Figure?) hvweight Rt) at the.

lever.V Wh en this opposite end of thedueto oil collecting weight is overhalanced in cup 87, the leverfin' rocking turnstlatch plunger 36 so that apn/t() passing'through the plunger registers with 'openingy 81 in hearing' hraeket'ffl- The pin 4() is normallv seated in a-slotf'tfl (Figure the" inner face of lever 88. This lever is pivotshi fted. any

7) ill boss 44 on slightly offset at the bottom tol provide af i burner.

all y supported on the latch plunger' 36. When ythe lever is overhalancedby the weight-0f oil collecting in cup 37 through thel pin 40, it. rocks the plunger 36 until the pin registers with the slot 41 in the hearing.. rlhen4 the lever rocks away from its normal posi` tion, the motor circuit will he opened irre-. spective of the position of other controlling switches therefor.

The burnershead 1=1 is constructed as shown in Figures 1 and 2 and is of c vlindrical form and the flow of.fuel and air through the conduits 6 and 12 is tangential to the cylinder in order to guide the fuel and air into a swirling path before the flame leaves the opening 46 in cover-plate 47 of the burner. The burner-head .is also preferably provided with `a conical inlet 48 surrounding the outlet of conduit 6. and forming a continuation of the tubular extension 49 connecting the burner-head with air conduit 12. The inlet member 48 is pocket 50. into which the fuel oil may drip and from which it is evaporated by the heat conducted theretoby ythe burner-head. If

combustion is for any reason accidentally discontinued and the oil continues to-.drip into the member 48 it will first overllow from this member into the outlet 51 .at the bottom of the tubular. extension 49 :ofthe drain pipe 52 having an outlet 53 over the cup 37. As soon as sufficient oil is collected in the cup, weight 39 is overbalanced and the operation of the lburnerdiscontinued as previously described. The conduit '53V is preferably provided with a'branch '54 com-v municating with the bottom of the burnerhead 11 in order to drain away anyfuel oil' should the same collect-at this oint.

The maximum supply of fuel 1s controlled by valve 55 (Figure 1) and the normal -wideopen position of valve 3 would ordinarily allow the maximuml flow of fuel permitted at. 55. The minimum supply is regulated by the normal setting of valve 3. This may When the device is first set up andv charged with fuel,` it is desirable to release the air from diaphra chamber 4 and allow this to completely ll up with oil.

This is done by shutting oE'valve 55`and` This outlet communicates .with aV pressing against un'screwing the air vent 56 (Figures 9 and In the operation of the device minimum heat requirements are provided for by adjustment through screw 57 of valve 3 lwhich is normally held from its seat b vcam 8 as indicated in -Figure 9 with the flat part of the cam opposite nut 19.- Fuel flows from supply conduit 1 past valve 3 and into the conduit 6 to the burner-head and is vaporized in the burner by heat conducted thereby and the heat radiated from thc flame.E The air 'supply is drawn through the conduitv 12 by the natural draft created by combustion.

If the thermostatic control means operates to turn on the motor by rotating shaft 9 one hundred and eighty degrees, a high portion of cam 8 presses against nut 19 and shifts vvalve 3 Vto its Wideopen position, thus allowing a maximum lflow of fuel as determined by the settingr of valve 55 (Figure 1 The, additional air required is then forced through the 4conduit 12 by the blower 17. When the thermostatic control device again turns the shaftl) so that the flat. part of vcam Scomes opposite nut 19 the minimum fuel flow restored and at the same time the motor circuit is opened by the `thermostatic control means.

In a case of failure yof combustion, the oil, drippinginto the bottom ofthe burnerhead or into the conical part 38 thereof, is drained out of the burner-head into lcup 37 sults in this lever oscillating the latch plunger 36 so that its pin ,40 registers with t'he slot 41 and the plunger springs away from the weight 35 allowing this weight to strike collar 34 on the rod 30 and lower the latter away from the rod 27. Then thecam 8 and the rod 27 are projected outwardly by -by the rocking of lever 38.

Although but one specific embodiment o f thisi invent-ion has been hereinshown and described, it will be understood that numerous details of the construction shown may bel altered or omitted without vdeparting from lthe spirit` of thisinvention as defined by the following claims..

I claimz' I 1. lIn a.` burner of the class described, a cylindrical burner-.head closed at-the bottom and having an openin less diameter than the diameter of the burner-head, and a fuel and. air inlet enteruing the side of the burner-head in antan enltial direction in order to produce'a swir ing motion of the fuel and air within the burnerhead and to the llame, said fuel and air at the top of inlet comprising a conduit for air* and a'.

conduit for `fuel inside the air conduit, said air conduit terminating in a nozzle gradaally reduced in diameter toward its discharge end, said nozzle being formed to provide a receiving pocket for the unatomized fuel at itslovver side, a fuel operated shutofl' device for the fuel, and a conduit leading from said pocket to said fuel operated shut-off device.

2. An oil burner comprising a burnerhead, fuel and air conduits leading thereto,

ated when the valve is in position for maximum flow and is stopped when the valve is 1n posltlon for mlnlmum flow, the means for' operating said valve including a diaphragm cooperating With the stem of 'the valve and a cam for shifting said diaphragm.

3. A liquid fuel burner of the class described comprising a burner-head, means for delivering fuel and air under pressure to said burner-head, a `valve for controlling the How of fuel, said-valve being movable within a casing and said casino beine' sealed by a diaphragm coacting with said valve, a cam for shiftin said diaphragm, thermostatically contro led means for operatin l ysaid cam, a spring opposing the. action o said cam and normally urging said valve` toward lts seat, and means de endent for o eration u on fallureof com ustion for s ifting sai cam into inoperative position,

, whereby said spring may act to seat the valve.

4. A liquid fuel burner of the class,de Y1925 scribed. comprisin a lburner-head, mleans for delivering fue and air under pressure opposingthe'action of said cam and normally urgin said valve toward its seat, and means or shifting said cam inno 1noperative position whereby said spring may act to seat the valve` said means comprising a spring for shifting said cam, means for normally preventing the operation of said spring, said means comprising a vertical rod Amounted for vmotion in thedirection of its length and a spring for normally .holding the rod in its upper position, a weight slidable yalong said rod, means normally retaining the yveightagainst lmovement downjwardly along ythe rod ;v a collar on the rod which may be engaged for the urpose of shifting the rod toreleasing position when said weight is` released, means for shifting said Weight retaining means to releasing po,- sition, said means including a lever and'a cup hung from said lever and adapted to overbalancethe same by the Weight of the fuel collected in said cup.

5. A liquid fuel burner comprising a burner-head and fuel and air feeding means,

a valve for controlling the feed of fuel and a shut-oft' mechanism for said valve, said 'shut-ofi" mechanism including-a releasable Weight and connections for permitting the valve to move to closed position, a plunger normally retaining said Weight against motion, a springforY shifting said plunger to releasing position, means retaining said plunger against operation comprising a pivoted lever from vwhich is hung a fuel collecting cup, said lever being dependent for operation upon the Weight of the fuel in the cup. l

, vSigned at Chicago this 22nd dayofdune,

ROBERT LAWRENCE DoRAN.

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