US1559006A - Anchor - Google Patents

Description

Oct; 27, 925.' 1,559,006

E. RITCHIE ANCHOR Filed July 19, 1921 2,8heets-Sheet 1 0a. 27, 1925 1,559,006 E. RITCHIE v ANCHOR Filed July 19, 1921 2 sums-sum 2 x I rrzeya.

Patented Oct. 27, 1925.

UNIT D nwmnaimma or esrq ee e SI-e ee we 'Qr' eenie eue Q-R eon:

AN e'eoa eneflee application filed July 19, 1921. Serial no. 45 ,12.

cation, reference being had to the accom-- panying drawings- My invention relates to marine anchors and'has for its objects the production of such an anchor that possesses increased efficiency in proportion to weight over anchors heretofore devised; which has improved means for insuring its holding efl'e'ct and for tripping the anchor; and which is designed and adapted, when raised, to hang true and snug against the ships side wher-' ever it is designed to be hung.

What constitutes my invention will be hereinafter specified in detail and succinctly'set forth in the appended claims.

' In the accompanying drawings, I

Figure I is a side elevation of my anchor showing its parts in the pendent position in full lines, and showing-in dotted lines 'th draw-bar swung to one side. 7

FigureII is a View similar to Figure 1, except that in Figure IIfthe latch of the draw-bar is shown in full lines in the latched position and in dotted lines in the unlatched position preparatory to-tripping the anchor. Figure III isa view corresponding to that shown in full linesin Figure 'I, but" at right angles to that figure.

"Referrin to the numerals on the drawings: 1 and 2 indicate the two sides of-the shank of m anchor which is preferably made of one piece and bifurcated so as to dethis said sides,-from toe 3 to crown 4. At

the open end of the shank nearthe crown 4 the sides 1 and 2 are securely united, pref: erably by a cylindrical cross-piece 55 which constitutes a fixed shaft for the pivotal accommodation upon it, between the sides 1 and 2, of a trunnion-,he'ad7, which is perforated by an oblong slot 8, that is disposed in longitudinal alignment with the longi: tudinal axis of ajrotative draw-bar 9"of which the trunnion-head 7 forms one ,end. The width ofv the draw-bar 9 is sufiicier itly less than-that of the distance between the sides 1 and 2 to permit free oscillation or even rotatory movement of the draw-bar in the space between the sides.

For the free accommodation of the movement of the trunnion-head rotatively about the cross-piece 5, I provide an enlarged recess' 10 that is defined on opposite sides by oppositely curved flanges and 12. There are two flanges 11 which project from the re spe'ctive sides 1 and 2, one towards the other.

In like; manner the flanges 12 are oppositely disposed upon the respective side-pieces 1 and2, the flanges 11 and 12 being arranged in longitudinal disposition in respect to the draw-bar 9. The external and the internal or opposing contours of the respectivepairs of flanges 11 and 12 are definedby'coaxial curved faces 15 and 16, and 17 and18fre spectively. Against the opposing faces 15 and 17, the trunnion-head 7 bears, alternate,

according to the position in the slot' 'occu'pied by "the ESS-pieced The location of the faces '17 is nearer the crown {1 and'that of the faces 15 is the more remote therefrom, and their respective functions are distinct. The function of the'faces 17 is'to arford a bearing for the trunnion-head 7 and so to relieve the cross-piece 5 of theweight of the anchor when it is sustained by "the draw-bar 9, as hereinafter explained. The

function of the faces 15 is to afford a guidestop to the trunnion-head when tension upon the draw-bar pulls the trunnion head -in a direction away from the faces 17.

The thickness of the draw -bar 9 is reduced, as indicated at 20, to accommodate the presence of the flanges l1 and 12 to the free movement, longitudinally and rotatively, of the ,draw-b'ar between them. f The longitudinal extent of said redution ofthiekness of the draw-bar is defined at one end by the trunnion-head 7 and, at the other end, by snubs 21 and 22 disposed respectively upon opposite sides of the draw-bar. The presence of the external curved-faces 16 and 18is to accommodate the presence of the snubs -21 and 22 to the relative movement of the draw-bar 9 about the'eros'spiece .5; but the faces 16 havethe distinct function of cams in guiding thesfil bs 21 and 22towards medial cams 23 and'24: pro vided' upon the flanges 11, respectivel as often as the draw 'ba'r 9' isiswu'a 'nam either side into the space between the'side-pifeces 1 and 2. The effectiof" the "actien of the snubs 21 and 22 againstjthe medial camsl23 and 24 is to iiinparta thrust niovement to tudinal axis. The purpose of said thrust movement is to drive the free end of the draw-bar that terminates in a latch 25 into operative engagement with a keeper 27 formed on the inside of the toe 3, and that engagement is maintained so long as cooperation of the snubs 21 and 22 and the medial cams 23 and 24: continues.

The latch end of the draw-bar 9 is provided with a shackle 28, of any suitable and preferred form, as means for attachment of a cable 30 to the anchor; and the operation of the anchor and of the draw-bar is dependent upon such attachment, in the manner to be presently described.

The anchor head comprises four flukes 31,

. of which two are disposed upon opposite sides of each of the side-pieces 1 and 2. They have in effect the ri in action u on the a I 6 a: V 1 ground of the mushroom type of anchor, out are distinguished therefrom 111 form and function Io havin each oair se )arated b Y 3 b l toppling ends 32 and 33, each of which is preferably of semi-circular outward con tour.

Each fluke is preferably claw-shaped and defined by an external curved face 34 which takes into the ground and grips 1t tenac1ously until the shank 12 15 lifted to the tripping position. The curved face 3% serves the further function of facilitatin the O presentation of the flukes of the anchor in operative gripping position. Tension on the draw-bar 9 operates to throw the anchor over into such position if, On lowering, the shank 12 of the anchor should extend in the opposite direction from that of the draWbar. The office of the toppling ends 32 and 33 is to insure, in every presentation of the anchor against the ground, the throwing of the anchor upon one or the other of its sides, in which position oblique tension upon the cable 30 is certain to effect engagement of V the flukes with the ground.

I prefer to provide upon opposite sides of the crown 4 fins 35 upon the bottoms of the toppling ends 32, and 33, respectively. Besides stiffening and weighting said toppling ends, they define, upon their opposite sides, pockets 36 which will, by gathering sand, afford a temporary make-weight to the anchor that will tend to hold it to its work. I prefer, also, to provide upon the trun nion head, diametrically opposite the draw bar 9, a lifting-lever 37 which will, by tension applied to the draw-bar through the cable 30, exert a lifting force against the ground to pry the anchor loose, whenever it is desired to trip the anchor preparatory to raising it.

The operation of my anchor in service may be briefly described as follows.

When not in us it is suspended, as shown I in Figure I, by the draw-bar 9 from the cable 30 attached to the shackle 28, and hangs nasaooe snugly, as against the ships side, from any usual or preferred point of suspension.

When dropped, the anchor meets the ground, it may be assumed, in any conceiv= able manner of presentation.

presentation what it may, the anchor will ultimately, by reason of its shape and under tension upon the cable 30, assume a position in which it is supported on one side by the flukes 31 on that side and by the toe 3,.the cable being disposed so as to pull the drawbar 9 towards the toe, as shown in Figure H. In that position, if the shank 12 be located beneath the draw-bar relaxation of tension upon the cable 30 will permit the weight of the draw-bar 9 to compel it to fall into the space between the shank sidepieces 1 and 2. That drop into place of the draw-bar wiil, in consequence of cooperation of the medial cams 23 and 2a with the snubs 21 and impart end-thrust to the drawbar and compel engagement of its latch 2:";

with the keeper 2?. 1f the draw-bar 9 is beneath the shank 2 tension thereon 0perates through the flukes of the anchor to depress the shank with a holding or latching effect against the upward pull of the drawbar. Afterwards all tension upon the cable in a direct-ion oblique to the vertical and from the cross-piece 5 will be communicated to the anchor to force it with holding effect against th ground, as may be better understood upon reference to Figure 11.

In order to trip the anchor, pull upon the cable is made, in the usual manner, tending to bring it into vertical alignment with the shackle 28, as shown in dotted lines in Figure IT. The effect if the draw-bar 9 is held by the keeper 27 is to force the round end of the latch 25 against the curved face of the keeper 2?, and thereby to free the drawbar 9, whose retreating movement is permitted by slip of the walls of the slot 8 upon the crosspiece 5. Thereupon, continued lift of the draw-bar imparts movement to the lifting lever 37, with the functioning effect thereof already specified to facilitate the loosening of the anchor from the ground in the operation of tripping it. If the drawbar and shank are held with latch effect by oppositely acting forces and not by the keeper 27, the tripping is effected in like manner but without the necessity of extricating the bar 9 from the keeper 2?.

TV hen the anchor is lifted free of the ground, it will fall, by action of gravity, into the position shown in Figure I, which is the position first above referred to in the foregoing description of operation.

What I claim is:

1. An anchor comprising an integral bifurcated shank, toe piece, and lateral fiukes, combined with a draw-bar movably and pivotally attached to the shank and means for compelling presentation of the flukes to Be the point the'ground under tension exerted upon the drawbar.

2. In an anchor of the kind described, the combination with a bifurcated shank, and cross-piece uniting the sides of the shank near its open end, of a draw-bar provided with a slot for reception of said cross-piece, oppositely acting members upon the shank and draw-bar adapted to impart end-thrust to the draw-bar under impulse of swing of the draw-bar, said members cooperating with mechanism provided for latching the draw-bar to the shank under tension on the draw-bar in one direction and for releasing them under contrary tension.

3. In an anchor, the combination with a bifurcated shank having a toe, sides and flukes thereon, and a cross-piece uniting the sides of the shank near its open end, of a draw-bar provided with a longitudinally slotted trunion-head upon the cross-piece, opposite curved flanges upon the shank sides for the accommodation of the trunnion-head, a latch on the free end of the draw-bar, a keeper on the toe, medial cams upon one pair of the curved flanges, respectively, and snubs upon opposite sides of the draw-bar for operative engagement with said cams, all cooperative substantially as set forth.

4:. An anchor comprising an integral bifurcated shank, toe piece, and lateral flukes,

comprising curved combined with a draw-bar movably attached combined with a draw-bar movably attached to the shank with latching effect, a longitudiinally slotted trunnion-head upon the draw-bar and means for compelling presentation of'the flukes to the ground under tension exerted upon the draw-bar, said means 7 toppling ends, substantially as described, pocket-defining fins upon the bottoms of the respective toppling ends and external curved faces in the flukes.

6. In an anchor of the kind described, the combination with its bifurcated shank, and flukes upon opposite sides thereof, of a draw-bar pivotally mounted between the sides of the shank and a lifting lever carried by the draw-bar upon the opposite side of its pivotal support.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.

EDWARD RITCHIE.

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