US1554997A

US1554997A - Method of forming valves for internal-combustion engines

Info

Publication number: US1554997A
Application number: US685825A
Authority: US
Inventors: Ford Henry
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1924-01-12
Filing date: 1924-01-12
Publication date: 1925-09-29
Anticipated expiration: 1942-09-29

Description

Sept. 29, 1925. 1,554,997

H. FORD METHOD OF FORMING VALVE5.FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed Jan. 12. v192 4 WIT/V5195 latented Sept. a9, 1925.

HENRY FORD, F DEABBOBN, MICHIGAN.

METHOD OF FORMING VALVES FOB. INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES.

' Application filed January 12, 1924. Serial No. 685,825.

To an whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Harmer Form, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Dearborn, in the county of Wayne and State of Michigan, have invented new and useful Improvements in Methods of Forming Valves for Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification. t

The object of my invention is to provide new and useful improvements in a. valve for internal combustion engines of simple, durable, and inexpensive construction.

A further object of my invention is to provide av valve which will combine the efficiency of the various types of valves with I which I am familiar and the advantages of such valves into one structure.

A further object of my invention is to construct a valve which has a head designed to minimize warping and pitting, which will withstand the action of the cam on the valve stem with a minimum amount of wear and which will have a stem of soft steel so that the stem will not crystallize and break.

A further object of my invention is to provide a valve which may be constructed with a minimum loss of material.

With these and other objects in view, my invention consists in the arrangement, combination, and construction of the various parts of my improved device. as described and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 shows in elevation a valve constructed in accordance with my invention.

Figure 2 shows the blank from which the stem is made.

Figure 3 shows the stem blank after one operation has been performcdthereon.

Figure 4 shows the valve after the various operations have been performed necessary to make the valve except the finishing operations of machining and grinding.

Figure 5 shows a similar view where a somewhat diflcrent method of forming the valve has been employed.

Figure 6 shows a view of the blank-which is used to form the end of the valve stem which butts against the cams.

in the specification. claimed in my claims,

steel like that just Figures 7 to 10 inclusive illustrate the steps in the forming of the edged the valve which does the work.

Figure 11 shows an alternate form in which my invention may be accomplished, an

Figures 12 and 13 illustrate still another form in which my invention can be worked out.

Referring to the accompanying drawings,

I have used the referenceletter A to indicate generally a cylindrical rod from which is formed the Sam of my improved valve. This stem rod is cut to' appropriate lengths from bar stock and these lengths are placed in a coldheading machine and the head formed thereon which is illustrated at 10 in Figures 5 and 11. I preferably form this stem from a steel having a high elasticity and having a medium amount of f carbon in ord'erthat I may secure the qualities of toughness and durability in the stem. The end of the stem which has not been cold headedis then finished by welding to it a cylindrical slug B? which is illustrated in Figure 6 and which is preferably formed from a material such that when the heat is applied thereto for welding it to the stem A then that this heating and subsequent cooling will automatically harden the material of the slug B to give it the proper wear resisting qualities to resist acticn of the valve operating cams.

The working edge of the head-of the valve is formed from a material adapted to resist warping due to high temperatures and rapid changes of temperatures and adapted to resist erosion from heat or flame. A large number of materials have been tried for this purpose but I have found most satisfactory for my valve the type of steel having definite percentages of silicon and chromium. It is my intention to use a described or one of similar qualities.

I prefer to form this working edge of the val'vc by cutting wire of the required material into proper lengths such as is shown on Figure 7 then bending these lengths to a substantially circular form as is shown in Figure 8. The ring thus formed is then welded as indicated at 11 in Figure 9 and placed then the flash from the weld is trimmed and the ring is trued so that it takes the form shown in Figure 10. This ring C is then placed around the cold headed part of the stem A and welded in place as is illustrated in Figures 4, and 5. After the ring C has been welded to the head 10 as isillustrated in Figure 4:, then the blank is in a punch press while still hot from the welding and mashed down to substantially the form shown in Figure 1. Leonsider this an important feature of my invention as I am thereby enabled to use the welding machine welding heat for the final upsetting of the blank. Of course this final upsetting might be accomplished by the electrodes of the but I prefer to accomplish it in a separate press. The valve with the working edge so formed is then machined and ground to form the product illustrated in Figure 1 which is a valve adapted.for use in connection with the internal combustion engines now in use.

Referring to Figures 3 and 5 it will be noted that the cold headed portion 10 in Figure 3 has straight edges, while theportion 10 in Figure 5 has edges which are beveled to form an angle of approximately thirty degrees. By shaping the parts as shown in Figure 5, I am able to use vertically reciprocating welding ele trodes for welding the ringC to the cold headed portion 10 and at the same time the coni al shape of the beveled edges of the portion 10 will cause the ring C to be stretched very tightly around the portion 10 so that a continuous welding contact between these parts will be insured.

It is possible to form the ring 0 from a disc or block by forging or in a coin press but l. prefer to form the ring in accordance with the manner herein outlined as the grain of the steel is better reserved tilll't'lly and less material wasted.

Referring to the structure shown in Fi ure ll, it will be noted that the ring is formed preferably in a coining press or punch press from sheet metal to the shape of a hollow cone frustum and the upper edge of this frustum is welded to the outer edge of the. head 10 in a manner similar to that used for welding-tho ring C to the 4 head 10 in Figure 5. here the cone frustum shown in Figure 11 is used, then the welding electrodes may be used for flattcn ing down the head to sul'istantially the shape shown in Figure 1, or the blank while still but may be placed in a press and up-sct to the desired shape.

Referring to the form of device illustratedin Figures 12 and 13, it will he noted that the ring .C there shown is also in the shape of a hollow cone frustum which, however, 'is inverted so that the smaller'ond thereof is downward. The head 10 of the stem A for use in connection with this form of device is formed in an rip-setting machine of proper type to complete the cone of the ring C so that the two-when welded together will form substantially a cone structure which may then be flattened out as illustrated in Figure. 1. "This flattening may be acomplisbed while the head is still hot from the welding in the manner which has heretofore been described in connection with the other forms of my improved valve.

Among the many advantages arising from the use of my improved structure, it should first be pointed out that every portion of the valve may be made from the material which is most-appropriate for that particular portion: that is, the working edge is made from heat resisting material. the stem .15 made from tough materiahand the cam face is made from-extremely hard material; This valve not only insures proper materials for each of the functionsof tbevalve but it may also be made with a minimum wastage of material. For instance,T-have weighed the blanks necessary to form my improved valve and the blanks necessary to form valves'by .some.other' methods with which I am familiar and find that there is a difference of more than twenty-five percent. method not only is'thevalve made thoroughly ellicient and the materialwastage reduced to a minimum, but also the material from which the blanks are made is in the form which is most readily secured. namely bar stock or wire. and the stock is, therefore, cheaper. T

Further advantages result in the use of my improved valve stmctpre in that l have so designed the parts and blanks that they may By my improved be made from strip or sheet stock which is readily secured and rclativcly'chcap and also because in the forming operations the' material to one end of a stem and of welding a lug of wear resisting materialto the otherend of the stem.

2. The method of forming a valve. consisting of upsetting one end of a stem blank and then welding tothc up-set portion a ring of heat resisting metal formed by bending a length of wire stock of suitable material to circular form and then welding the ends of the wire stock together to form the rinsx.

3. The method of forming a. valve considing of welding to a stem member :1 lug vi material such that the heating of the lug and its subsequent cooling during the wel ling will automatically harden the lug to give a, wearing resisting surface of great durability.

4. The method of forming a valve eonsisting of up-setting one end of a stem member of relatively tough material L0 form a head, then welding a ring of heat resisting material to the edge of the head, and then upsetting the head 21ml ring while-still hot 10 in form the valve head to substantially the dimensions required.

HENRY FORD.