US1548589A - Rail anchor - Google Patents

Description

set 1 2 Sheets-Sh c. G. ERICSON RAIL ANCHOR Filed Dec. 5, 1924 Aug. 4, .1925.

mm RC Em G Aug. 4, N25.

Filed Dec. 5, 1924 Patented Aug. 4, 1925.

UNITED STATES raasse Parana oFFicE.

I cnAnLEs e. Emcsorr, or 'ronon'r -onramo, camera nan. ANCHGR.

Application filed December 3, 1924. Serial Ito. 758,789.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, CHARLES G. ERIosoN, of the city of Toronto, in the county of York, Province of Ontario, Canada, a subject of the Kingof Great Britain, have invented certain new and useful Improve ments in Rail Anchors,.of which the follow ing is a specification.

This invention relates torail anchors by means of which longitudinal displacement of the railroad 'rails,- Commonly called creeping maybe prevented.

As is now well known to allfamiliar with the conditions, either direct or contributory, thatcause the longitudinal movement of a rail under traiiic, one of the oiitstandingdifficulties respecting rail anchors as heretofore constructed has been the means for securing them permanently to the rails at all times,

The. successful anchor must not only retain its grip onthe rail during the period of rest,

that is to say, when there isno traflic, ,but

" must also have certain compensating reacting qualifications exerting their force during the vertical movement of the rail due to traffic conditions, commonly known as the wave motion.

Mu'chstudy and ingenuity have been exercised in providing rail anchors to overcome longitudinal movement of the rails, and devices of this character asheretofore employed divide themselves into three groups:

1st, the strap type,'- wherein the rail has bolted to it a'metal strap which also hears 4 upon or is-secured to oneof the cross-ties of the. railroad bed, as, for-instance, shown by the .BonzanoPatent,.No. 661,101, September 20, 1898.; 2nd, the wedgetype, wherein the parts of'theanchor are held to the rail by a wedge locatedat one edge of the rail base and embraced by a hook of across-member or ban-the-ctherendof which is provided with a smallerhook for engaging the opposite edge of the rail base, as, .for "instance, shown in the patent to Dorpmuller, No.

791,1 39,'May 30, 1905; 3rd, the spring t pe,

wherein a cross-bar is iven a torsiona or distmct spring action w 10h asserts ltselfby a tendency of the cross-bar to assume its original position as shown, for instance, in Vaughan, No. 89 ,038, August 25, 1908.

The resent invention relates to the wedge type o anchor and comprises in: its construction a novel cross-member or yoke and a novel. construction of shoe which is engaged 'by the larger hook of the yoke when the in section, showin parts are in service position. Since it is a well-known mechanicallaw that all metal when given a torsional or distinct twist or continued under spring tension during an extended period adually takes a permanent set in thedlledtiOn of the torsion applied or the direction of spring tension to which it is subjected, the present invention aims to provide a rigid construction in the parts of the rail anchor which are normally free from spring stress or tension which by strong frictional engagement between the parts is nevertheless held in its service position to prevent rail creeping; Owing to the rigid character of the anchor of the present invention and the absence of-spring torsion or stress in the parts thereof, the anchor may be repeatedly removed from the rail and repeatedly re-applied without deterioration of any of its operative functions.

The various novel features of the present invention and new combination of parts will best be made clear from the following de- .scription and the accompanying drawings of one good formthereot.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view, with the rail the anchor of the present invention applied thereto in service position;

Fig. 2 is a perspective View of the shoe which engages one'edge of the rail base and has the tie-abutting member; Fig.3 is an under-side view of. the shoe,

showing/more particularly the novel construction thereof,

Fig. 4 is a side elevation partly in section of the shoe and yoke separated from the rail and looking in the direction from the rail edge to which the shoe is applied;

Fig. 5 is a section on the line 5-5 of Fig. 7, with the yoke omitted, and showing more particularly the novel provision in the shoe I upon cross-ties 6, as inicated in Fig. 1,

and'such'cross-ties maybe formed of suitable materiahsuchas wood or metal, as preferred, the rail itself bein thereto by means such as the usua spikes or other securing devices.

' In accordance with the presentinventiori,

the anchor comprises two parts, one a shoe having upper and lowe r aws for embracing one edge of a rail base' -and an abutment for engaging the cross-tie,- and a yoke member having a small book for engalgm one edge of the railbase and a larger for engaging about the'shoe at the other edge of the rail base and in overhangingrelation thereto. Each of these members is of novel construction, and by their combined .operation in serviceposition absolutely prevent rail creeping,while at the sametime providingfor a secure engagement of the anc or to the rail base both during its periods of rest and during traflic condiisiors and vibrations due; to 3 the passing 0B.

The shoe comprises an upper jaw and a lower jaw which engage the edge of the rail base between them. The upper jaw 36 has its upper surface flat or parallel to the lower surface of the rail base, as indicated in Fig. 7, while.' theunder surface ofthe u per jaw is formedsubstantially on the incline of the upper surface of the rail base, as indicated at" 7, Fig. 7. At the entering end portion of the upper jaw. 36 is a downwardly inclined surface 8 which serves as a preliminary guide-for the assembling of the yoke upon the rail by hand. In other words, the short incline or bevel 8 formed on the end portion of the shoe acts to permit ready assembly of a yoke and shoe in their preliminary position on the rail by hand, but has no other function, because when the yoke and shoe have been thus assembled by'hand, the yoke is driven on the shoe in the direction of the shoe length, or longitudinally of the rail, into service ppsition, whereas the yoke member, as will, ereafter more-fully appear, rests solely upon the flat top surface of the upper jaw 36 of the shoe.

The lower aw of the shoe is formed by two projections which extend inwardly to secured shoe,

nuance engage the under surface of the rail base," and are separated by a space to accommoa date the railwave duringthe passage of per jaw which rests upon the upper. surface of the rail base, as hereinbefore descr1bed,

and .a non-continuous lower jaw which bears upon the under surface of the rail,

base an preferably formed as a projection ateach end of -the lower jaw, with the result that "during the wave motion, of the rail under the conditions of trafiic, the railwave may ,take 1zp'lace as indicated by the 5, betweenthe projec-'- dotted lines in 1 tions 9 and 10, forming the lower jaw. Thisfeature of the invention is im rtant, because during. traflic conditions t e jaws of the shoe are not distorted nor disturbed in their relation with the base flange of the rail, due either to the rail wave or vibraw.

tions incident to passing trafiic. In other words, the rail wave, as indicated by dotv ted lines in Fig. 5, may take" lace between the projections 9 and 10 ofyt e lowerjaw the relation of either without disturbin jaw'with the rail iase flan e. The shoe is provided with a wedge 11 which extends lorigitudinally of the shoe at the back thereof, as indicated more clearly in Fig. 3, and the inner edge 12 of the upper jaw is formed parallel to the longitndina dimension or element of the wedge 11.

The wedge 11 is eccentric to the shoe, that is, while it extends/ longitudinally of the its central element is located at a point below the horizontal plane passed centrally through the rail base, and the zone of the eccentric wedge provides a bearing for the inner. surface of the larger hook of the yoke, as will hereinafter more fully appear, whichextends upwardly and downwardly from a point below the horizontal plane passed centrally through 'therail base. This feature of the invention is best indicated in Fig. 7 wherein the line 13-13 indicates a horizontal plane passed centrally through the rail base 2, while the line I l-14 indicates a horizontal plane passed through' the central element of the wedge which, as will be noted. is below the line 13-13 and yet above the horizontal plane of the under surface of the rail base.

Thus the wedge is eccentrically related to the shoe and to the rail base and affords a, bearing surface, indicated bythe line 15,

Fig. 7, for the inner surface of the larger hook of the yoke, as will hereafter a pear, to cause a downward stress on the rigi yoke in the latters travel to operative position, resulting in a tight frictional engagement against the upper surface of the u pper'jaw of the shoe; and second, the eccentric arrangement of the wedge prevents any condition which would tend to' force the shank of the yoke, as will later appear, away from and out of frictional contact against the under surface of the rail base.

At the cross-tie end of the shoe there is I merges into andin alinement with the back.

of the shoe, as indicatedin Figs. 2 and 3. In other words, the metal of the strengthening rib or web 19 may be centrally disposed withrelation to the abutment and yet have increased strengthening effect thereupon by merging the metal of the rib or web into the solid metal of the shoeat the back or eccentric wedge portion thereof.

Hereinbefore' the lower jaw of the shoe has been described as comprising projectin portions, as shown, formed at each end 0 r the shoe with a space between, and in order to provide increasing strengthening effect of the shoe between the projectingpontions 9 and 10 of the lower jaw, the present invention provides abridge of metal 20 between the rojections 9 and 10 which may rest direct y upon the edge of therail base when the shoe is in operative position. This arrangement of the abutment and the strength ening rib or web 19 merging into the solid metal at the back of the shoe adds greatly to the strength of the abutment portion of the shoe, and "yet enables the weight of the shoe as a whole to be minimized. 1 In carrying this feature of the invention into effect, also, the projection 10-ofthelower jaw is curved outwardly from the abutment 16, as

. indicated in Fig. 3, at 21'. to thereby add materially to the strength of both the abutment 16 and the projection portion 10 of the under jaw.

In the present instance of the invent-ion, the shoe has a portion 22 beyond the working portion of the fiat surface 6' of the shoe removed to thereby minimize the metal contents of the shoe as a whole and yet not detract from its strength and durability under service conditions.

The shoe is preferably formed of malleable metal. while the yoke member is formed of a harder metal, preferably steel, the conatruction being such that when the parts are service pos1tion, the harder metal of the yoke may take a firm frictional grip into the softer metal of the shoe to thereby prevent disturbance ofthe relation of the parts during vibrations incident to tra-flic and other conditions. The yoke member itself is of novel construction and in c'o-op'erative relation with the softer-metal of the shoe not only insures {that the parts shalk remain in service or working position during rest, but that the relation of the 'parts, due to the firm frictional gri incident 'to their construction, shall not be isturbed during vibrations incident to the p'asisng traiiic. v

The yoke member 23. is of rigidand rugged construction and formed of steel. At-

one end the yoke member 23 is provided with a smaller hook 24 to engage one edge of the railbase, and at its opposite end is provided with a larger hook 25 to engage about the shoe and eccentric wedge, the end portion of the larger hook remaining in overhanging relation with the rail base when the I parts are in working position.

In order to increase the rugged and rigid character the the yoke 23, the dimensions thereof in the plane passed through the hooks and body portion of the yoke are increased over the dimensions of the yoke in a plane at right angles thereto. In other words, as indicated in Fig. 4, the vertical dimension of the yoke member, as indicated by the line a of Fig. 4', when the yoke 'm'emr' her is in operative position, is greater than the dimension 6, at right angles thereto, the

result being that the yoke presents a sub-- stantially unyielding character and is sufiiciently rugged to coact with the softer metal.

shoe to accommodate itself to the vibrations under passing loads.

The smaller hopk 24 at one end of the yoke has its inner engaging surface 26 atan,

angle less than the angle representing the upper inclination of the upper surface of the rail base, as indicated by the line 27 Figs. Gand 7, with the result that when the yoke is forced to service position, the in clined surface 26 climbing up the steeper inclined surface 5 of the rail base tends to draw the shank portion of the yoke 23, as at 28. into closer frictional engagement against the under surface of the rail base.

This increased frictional hold between the posed upon it in the application of the yoke toits working position and later to withstand the impact of the vertical movement of theirail induced by the wheel loads passing over the point where the anchor is secured. In thus upsetting the small hook 24, reinforcing flanges 29, one at each side of the small hook, are produced, and these may extend to the outer surface of the small hook, as indicated at 30, with the result that all torsional spring action ;of the small hook is prevented and the hook itself, by its rigidity, is enabled to withstand the stresses and vibrations due to service conditions.

The larger hook at the other end of the yoke 1s of novel formation and is' so constructed and arranged that when the oke is in service position, as indicated in ig. 7 the end portion of the largehook 25 wilLrest upon the top horizontal surface of the upper jaw of the shoeand be forced into close frictional engagement therewith by the eccentric wedge as the yoke is, forced thereover.

The larger hook 25 has the inner surface 31 of the end 32 inclined downwardly and inwardly towards the upwardly extending flange 5 of the rail and has also its inner surface in a zone represented by the line 15, Fig. 7, formed to bear upon the eccentrio wedge 11. The portion of the inner surface of the hook 25 between the end bearing 31 and the zone 15 is so shaped, as

indicated in Fig.7 at 33, to provide that the inner surface of the hook 25 will bear only upon the top horizontal surface of the upper jaw of the shoe and along the zone 15 of theeccentricwed e, with the result that when the parts are riven to working position, there will be a downward stress on the rigid yoke jaw, resulting in a tighter frictional engagement .against the surface ofthe upper jaw of the shoe, while at the same time there will be no upward movement of the large hook as a whole due to the engagement of the rounded inner surface 0 the hook 25 along the surface of the longitudinally extending eccentric wedge. The result is that the yoke member 23 is not sprung or distorted or placed under spring tension, ,nor is it bent about the under surface of the rail base as a center, but remains intact, and by the strong frictional grip between the small hook and rail base on the one hand and the lar er hook upon the eccentric shoe on the ot er, 7 hand, t

e anchor as a whole is substantially rigid in character and retains its capacit to discharge its function to prevent rail creeping, regardless of the intermittency'of its periods of rest and activity. Moreover, since the parts of the anchor are not subjected to a continuing distortion or spring action, which would be liable to render the parts unsercviceable for repeated application under the laws of the fatigue of metals, the presenta'nchor may be repeatedly taken off and applied to rails, and yet discharge its full anti-creeping'function.

Another important feature in accordance with the present invention is the construction of the lar er book of the yoke, which enables the yo e to be readily assembled with the shoe on a rail by hand, and then moved to its service position, and to there be retained indefinitely and permanently.

To this end the leading edge portion of the larger hook 25 of the yoke member is rounded, as indicated at 34:, Fig. 4, while the other or trailing edge 35 of the hook is more abrupt or'sharp and constitutes a bitplied y hand to 'the' rail and shoe, t e leading rounded ed e portion 34 of the larger hook will rea ily move over the en.- tering inclined portion 8 of the shoe and permit the parts to be assembled in hang ing relation upon the rail by manual effort, or by hand, it being understood that the inclined portion of the bevel 8 of the,shoe has no other function than to direct the parts to engaging position. When the yoke has been thus assembled upon the rail, and shoe by hand and is thereafter driven into working position -which commences onl after the large hook has been engaged wit ing ed e. When, therefore, the yoke is a the flat top surface of the upper jaw of the shoe-the biting edge or trailing edge 35 of the larger jaw willbe forced into intimate contact with the upper fiat surface 6' of the jaw '36 of the shoe by the downward stress placed upon it by the eccentric wed e and retrograde movement of the yoke will be prevented by the strong frictional engagement between the softer metal shoe and the harder metal of the yoke.

Since one of the purposes of the" present invention is to provide a yoke member of distinct rigidity, as contrasted with a springtension cross-bar or member, the yoke is provided with a harder surface or skin, which may" be produced conveniently during the o eration of manufacture by heat treating t e yoke and while hot subjecting it to a quenching operation at suitable temperature, whereby the'surface of the steel yoke is hardened without rendering the yoke as a nuance structure and the cooperation of the parts is such that the anchor will remain in service position to prevent rail creeping during conditions incident to its periods of rest and also under the vibrations and wave motion of the rail during traffic. The absence of a distinct spring action in the parts of the anchor avoids the permanent set that frequently occurs in anchors where torsional or other spring condition is relied upon either to assemble the anchor upon the rail or to be asserted 'during the discharge of its anti-creepin function.

What 1s 0 aimed is:v v 1. In a rail anchor, the combination of a metal shoe ada ted'to engage one edge of a tional grip when theparts are forced to working position that remains undisturbed by vibration oi" passing trafiic.

2. ln a rail anchor, the combination of a shoe having a longitudinally extending wedge portion and formed oimalleable iron adapted tofembrace on edger-oi? a rail base, a rigidyoke ember formed of steel adapted to span the rail base and provided with a small hook to engage over the outer edge of the rail base, and a larger hook to embrace the shoe and bear upon the upper surface thereof in overhanging relation with the rail base, the" large hook being provided I with an outer skin harder than the malleable iron shoe to engage the softer metal of the shoeiwhen' the parts are driven to service a position and thereby provide a stron frictional gripbetween the engaged meta s that remains. undisturbed ing trafic.

by vibrations of pass- 3, in a rail anchor, thecombination of a shoe having flanges toembracethe upper and lower surfaces of the rail base between them and having a longitudinally extending eccentric wedge portion, v a rigid yoke member adapted toe an the rail'base provided with a steal hook to engage one edge of the railbase'and a larger hook embracing theeccentric. wedge portion at til) ' to the rail base so thatthe en the other edge of the rail base, said hook having its end bearing upon the upper sur face of the shoe in overhan 'ng relation v of the hook may be subjected to stress when forced to service position about the eccentric wed e to cause the shoe and end portion of the arge hook to move into firm frictional engage ofrail edge embracin jaws,

ment which remains undisturbed by vibration of passing trafic.

4. In a rail anchor, the combination of a shoe member adapted to embrace one edge of the rail base and provided with a longitudinally? extending wedge portion eccentric to the horizontal plane passed centrally through the rail base, a rigid yoke member adapted to,span the rail base a'nd provided with a small hook at one end to engage overone edge of the rail base and with a larger hook at the opposite end adapted to embrace the shoe and bear upon it at two separated points, one at the eccentric wedge and the other at thetop of the shoe in overhanging relation with the rail base so'that the end portionoi' the hook may be caused to exert a strong frictional grip on the shoe when the parts vare forced to working position.

5 In a rail anchor, the combination of a shoe adapted to engage one edge of the rail base and having a longitudinally extending wedge portion and a tie abutment, a rigid yokemember adapted to span the rail base and provided with a small book having the surface which engages the inclined upper surface of the rail base at a lessinclination than the latter, a larger hook at the opposite end of the yoke adapted to engage the shoe and wedge so that when driven to working position the small hook will climb up the inclined" surlace of the rail base and cause the yoke to exert a strong frictional hold on the under surface of the rail base and the end of the larger hook to exert frictional pressure on the top surface of the till shoe in overhanging relation to the railbase.

6. Ina rail anchor, the combination of a shoe having a continuous upper jaw to overlie the upper surface of a rail base and a non-continuous lower jaw constructed and arranged to engage the lower surface of the rail base at polnts separated longitudinally of the rail base to provide a space for the rail wave, and a yoke having a hook at one end to enga e the rail base and a hook at the other en to embrace the shoe.

7. In arail anchor, the combination of a shoe having a continuous upper jaw to engage the upper surface of a rail base and a non-continuous lower jaw adapted to en-' gage the lower surface of the rail base, said lower jaw comprisingtwo so arated projecting portions, one at each on Oil the shoe, to

the shoe at the opposite edge of the rail base.

8. In a rail anchor, the combination of a shoe having a wedge portion extending longitudinally thereof and provided with a. pair the upper jaw being continuous, and v the lower jaw being "formed by'aoprojection at each end of the shoe separate by an open space from which between the two projections forming the the metal has been omitted that the wave movement of the rail may take place between the two projections forming the lower jaw of the shoe, and a yoke engaging one edge of the rail base and the shoe at the opposite edge thereof.

9. In a rail anchor, the combination of a shoe having a wedge portion extending longitudinally thereof and provided with a air of rail edge embracing jaws, the up er aw being continuous, and the lower jaw eing formed of a projection at each end of the shoe separated by an open space from which the metal has. been omitted that "the wave movement of the rail may take place lower jaw of the shoe, a strengthening bridge formed on the shoe between the two projections, and a yoke engaging one edge of the rail base and the shoe at the opposite edge thereof. 4

10. In a rail anchor, a shoe for engage-- ment with an edge of a'rail base, comprising a wedge extendinglongitudinally along the back of the shoe, an upper jaw adapted to rest upon the top of the rail base flange, a lower jaw formed by a projection at each end of the shoe separated by an open space from which the metal has been omitted, an

abutment for engaging a tie, and a stiffening rib extending between the abutment and the wall of metal forming the lower portion of the shoe joining the two projections comprising the lower aw.

11. In a'rail anchor, a shoe comprising a wedge back, jaws integral therewith adapt ed to embrace the edge of the rail base, a

depending abutment member integral with the back and jaws and having its inner? side substantially in alinement with the inner edge of the jaws and its outer edge outwardly ofl'se't relative to the back ofthe shoe, and. a stiffening rib symmetrically disposed relative to the sides of the abutment and .merging into and in alinement with the underside of the back.

12. A rail; anchor comprising a shoe adapted to embrace one edge of a rail base and having its back formed as a wedge, a

yoke adapted to span the rail base having av hook at one end a apted to engage the other edge of the rail base, and a hook embracing the wedge shoe and overhanging the rail base, the throat of the hook-being curved so that the hook engages the wedge shoe only at the back and adjacent its upper inner edge to exert a biting frictional engagement between the upper surface of the shoe and the end of the hook:

13. A rail anchor comprising a shoe adapted to embrace one edge of a rail base and having its back formed as a wed e and having the inneredge of its upper si e substantially parallel to the back, a yoke adapted to span the rail base having a hook'at one to engage one edge'of the-rail base,

and having its back formed as a wedge and, having the inner edge of its upper side substantially parallel to the back, the active upper surface of the shoe being substantially parallel to the under side of the rail base when in position on a rail, and a yoke adapted to span the rail base having a hook at one end adapted to engage the other edge of. the

.railbase, and a hook embracing the wedge shoe with its end engaged with the active upper surface of the shoe overhanging the rail base, the throat of the book being curved to engage the shoelonly at the wedge back.

15. In a rail anchor, the combination ofa shoe having upper and lower jaws vforem bracing the edge of a rail base, a yoke adapted to span the rail base and having a hook hook adapted to embrace the shoe and havingits leading side ed e rounded-to facilitate assembly of the yo e and shoe, and the other or trailing side edge abrupt to bear upon the upper surface of the shoe with a biting frictional hold to revent relative movement of the shoe an yoke after the parts have been driven to working position. 16. In a rail anchor, the combination of a larger a malleable iron shoe having a longitudinally extending wedge portion and jaws for embracing one edge of the rail base, a rigid yoke having a hook to engage the other side of the rail base, and a larger hook to embrace the shoe the leading sideed e of the larger hook being rounded to faci itate assembly of/ the yoke and shoe to workingposition and the trailing side edge of the larger hook relatively sharp to enga the malleable iron shoe witha frictiona grip and prevent loosening the parts under inbration due to trafiic. Y

1'7. In a rail anchor the combination of a shoe adapted to embrace one edge of a rail base, a yoke member having a small hook at one end ada ted to embrace one edge of the rail base and a larger hook at the other end adapted to embrace the shoe, the metal forming the small hook being upset to increase the cross sectional area in a plane extending from the throat to the back of the hook and thus increase the rigidity and strength of the hook,

18. In' a. rail anchor, the combination of a shoe having upper and lower jaws for embracing one edge of a rail base a. rigid yoke member having a small hoo at one end the metal of which is upset and laterally reinforced to withstand the stress imposed memes upon it as it is moved to service position and to withstand later the wave movement of the rail during trafic, a larger hook at the other end of the yoke adapted to embrace the shoe, the rigidity of the'yoke at all parts being augmented by greater dimension in the plane passing through the hooks and body of the yoke than at points at right angles thereto.

19. In a rail anchor, the combination of a a shoe having jaws for embracing one edge of a rail base and provided with a longitudinally extending eccentric wedge portion at its back the center line of which is below the horizontal plane passed centrally through the rail base, a yoke member having a small hook at one end to engage one edgeof the rail base and a larger hook at the other end to embrace the shoe and cocentric wedge so that when moved to service position a downward stress will be exerted on the edge of the larger hook to force it into close frictional engagement with the upper surface of the upper jaw in overhanging relationto the rail base without forcing the body or shank of'the yoke from close frictional engagement with the under surface ofthe rail base. v x I 20. Ina rail anchor, thecombination of a shoe for engaging one edge of a, rail base and provided with a wedge portion extending longitudinally at'the back thereof, a

steel yoke having a-small hook at one end to engage one edge of a rail base and a larger hook at the other end to embrace the shoe and wedge, the steel yoke being formed with a hardened outer surface to impart increased rigidity to the yoke and effect a holding frictional grip upon the metal of the shoe whenthe parts are forced to service position on a rail.

21. In a rail anchor, the combination of a shoe for engaging one edge of a rail base and provided with a wedge portion extending longitudinally at the back thereof, a steel yoke having a small hook at oneend to engage one edge of a rail base and a larger hook at the other end to embrace the shoe and wedge, with the end of the hook bearing on the surface of the shoe and overhanging the rail base and having the leading side edge rounded and the trailing side edge of the hook sharp, the steel yoke bei ing formed with a hardened outer surface to impart increased rigidity to the yoke and efiect a holding frictional grip upon themetal of the shoe when the parts are forced to service position on a rail.

22. In a rail anchor, a shoe having a continuous jaw to engage the upper surface of a rail base, a lower' jaw formed by portions of the shoe separated longitudinally of the rail by annopen space, a wedge portion extending longitudinally of the shoe, an abutment, and a rib or web of metal extending from the abutment and merging into th continuous metal of the shoe-back.

of November,

Signed at Toronto, Canada, this 29th day

Images