US1542859A - Regenerative vibratory repeater for telegraph circuits - Google Patents

Description

June 23, 1925. 1,542,859

A.F.CQNNERY,

aieansaAwlvm VIBRATORY REPEATER FOR TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS Filed Oct 6, 1925 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR 'ATTORNEXS A. F. CQNNERY REGENEHATIVE VIBRATORY REPEATER FOR TELEGRAPH CIRCUITS Jun; 23, 1925.

Filed Oct, 6, 1923 2 SheetsSheet 2 lNVENTOR A Ids/E Chang? w O ATZ'ORNEY county of go we FEBEthTQBY EtEFEA'lER FQPJ TELEGR- Application filed October 6, 1323. fiserisd Ho. 6137,0355.

Repeaters of the ordinary type, such as an ordinary rele ere used on telegraph lines or circuits Where the distance between the terminal stations is too great to be Worked direct. Long lines sre freq ucntly divided into number. of sections with re pester stations between the sections, so that a number of repeaters will be used on the same line circuit. Zihe ordinary type of repeater merely strengthens the current L'ior a the next line section and does not correct any distortion in the received sig'hals. Such s repeater will sometimes add further distortion "so on already distorted signal, do pendent upon adjustments and varying at- 5 mosplieric conditions. Where a circuit is very long and contains many repeaters of the ordinary type, and the lines are subject to varying Weather conditions and other causes which tend to mutilate and distort the signals, it is only possible to Work the circuit at u very slow speed as compared with. the speed of the shorter circuits.

W here machine. telcgraphy is used, and the transmitted gIm-ls are of unit or mul* tiple unit is h; the units being time in tervsls, rep ethic type are used, wliicl not only sire; male for the next line section but so snv it distortion in the receiv 6 ed sag so that the repeated sigzesis will be in pro cisely the some form as transmitted from the terminal station. Theseregenerm tive repeaters embody sgotating apparatus which must be timed to rotate in synchronism with the rotating transmitting appw fetus. This type of repeater is complicated; diiiicult to adjust and to maintain in sync-hronism with the transmitting apparatus.

A Well known example of a rotary re pester of the regenerative type is the Bandot repeater. This repeater lies a rotor which revolves in synchronism with thedistributer at the terminal jset. Means are provided for keeping the, rotor revolving in synchrooism special correctin:

with the distributor, which means utilizes ignals transmitted from outer at each revolution the terminal dis; thereof.

The main object of this invention is to provide a. regenerative vibratory repeater and to provide means whereby said repeaterwiil vibrate in syonchronism with the signals as sent out by the transmitting apps.- rams.

Another important object of the invention is to provide means whereby the received signals will operate the means for maintaining the repeater in synchrooisrh with the si. eels transmitted iron, the terminal set. is manifest that by the use vibratory repeater maintained in synchronism by the received signals I avoid the use of all ro- "Ill toting parts and the use of special correct ing signals sent out from the terminal set.

Another object of the invention is to iitilize s vibrating element in the form of 9. reed or fork to make the necessary electrical contacts, instead of the usual rotary distributer; and to provide means vvhcreby the incoming signals will maintain said vibrat ing element in synchronism with the received signals.

A repeater constructed in accordance with this invention is, therefore, simple and. of

moderate cost and easily maintained in correct operating condition.

in the drawings, Figure 1 is a diagram matic view of a simple one-way circuit showing' a. transmitter or terminal apparatus and one egenerstive rep set;

2 shows grephicsllv the regenerative sc'tio-ri oi he repeater; an

8 iilus'rctes graphically the synchro cos ll'lOVfill'iCm tell the vibrating element and .1e signal units.

Referring to'Fig. 1, 1 designates a transmittingtcrminal set. This transmitting ap- ,psratus may be of any suitable form, that shown indicating a transmitting set in whichv the five-unit code isused; 2 designates the five transmitting keys which are operated in'tlie usual manner to transmit signals to the line, said signslsbeing of unit len h or of multiple-unit length. These signas are trans nittedto the line through the distribw ter 3; As is Wsl'lknovvn, the signals sent out on the line are made 11 of What me lmown as spsciiig sod ncling: impii 'tect the transmitting relay from the influence of the tongue of the iniain line relay while the local operating current is flowing through the windings of the; transmitting relay. 5R designates a switch relay; Ch. a Corrector relay.

All of these relays are polarized and have differential windings, the curved lines A to B representing one winding and the curved net DM and driving contact Do.

lines C to D-representiug the other winding. Each relay is provided with a tongue T and with a spacing contactfri and a mariting contact M. A current flowing from A to B or from U'toD will cause the tongue T to makcflcontact with stop S, while a current flowing from ill to A or from D to C will causethe tongue T to make contact with the stop M. The polar ized relays may be centered so that with no current flowing through the windings the tongue will cling to either contact when so placed.

While in Fig. 1 the windings of the main line relay MLR areshown as joined in series and connected between the line ill and ground for the purpose of making the illustration simpler, in actual practice, when used in dificrential duplex circuits. one winding ot lillili will. he in the real line circuit and the other winding in the artificial line circuit.

Tl designates a vibrating element in the former a tuning fork. This fork is elec' trically driven by means of a driving mag} It is caused to vibrate in the manner oi a common hell or buzzer. This form of device is well known and need not he more particularly described herein. A resistance Sit and a condenser CO in series suppress the sparking at the driving contact DC. Large changes in the period of vibration of the Vibrating element may be made by adjusting the movable weights hill to diilzrent positions on the t nes of the tuning fork. AM designates an adjusting magnet and AR an adjusting rheostat. Small changes in I the peroid of vibration of the tuning fork may he made by increasing or decreasing the current in the adjusting magnet AM by means of the rhcostat All. The adjusting magnet exerts a magnetic braking effect upon the tines of the tuning fork and causes the ho iness amplitudeofl the vibrations to he reduced. This reduction of amplitudeinqrease the speed or period of vibration. Therefore, increasing the current in the adjusting magnet Ali'l by means of the rheostat causes the oi Vibration or the tuning fork to be increased. CM designates a cor-rector described.

The tuning fork is provided with a tongue L'l which is arranged to vibrate between and to engage a left corrector contact LCC and a right corrector contact ROG. The tuning fork is also provided with a tongue RT which is arranged to vibrate between and to engage the driving contact DC and a selecting contact SC. y The line IN is coneeted to the transmitter of the terminal set which transmits positive and negative currents of unit or multipleunit duration, and these currents or signals from the line pass through the windings of relay MLR to ground and cause the tongue T of the said relay to rest on either contact S or M, dependent upon the direction of the current. The contacts Sand M of the main line relay are connected t current sources of different sine.

RR designates a reading relay. The windings of this relay are connected between the tongue T of the main line relay and ground. Any movement of the tongue of the main line relay will be followed by a movement of the tongue or the relay RR. RS designates a reading sounder, which is in circuit with the tongue and marking contact of the reading relay. When the tongue T and stop M of relay RR make contact the reading sounder will be operated. The readring relay and the reading sounder are not essential to this apparatus but may be conveniently used. T he repeater attendant may conveniently receive instructions by means of the sounder RS. il hen the circuit is being worked through i'rom terminal station to terminal station by the regular automatic means the sounder ES may be silenced by shunting the circuit around its coils by means of switch SS.

The tongue T of the main line relay is connected to the, winding B to A'of the relay Lit when the lovers of switch AC8 are and a current the llt)

belollowed lay o, movement 4; enter uiugneei resuming no current. to no How in l) Winding of felsy inc 5': end ill one noisy ll eonof different ot-seley "onined. eoesss-r y use too sumng iork sash receives,

l 'i to :oz: "when these .ectoi: m ml e as too ire CGZTBCulQll Clvl to be frequency of M sns'ceuses con ector ls-energized when fork .ie use ssgmv "lie ets aloud of thei'ret'iuency oats, and also causes the oecoine energized when he icy of the tuning fork falls betlfte 'lrequencv of: the lune signal units. Tll'iis eusouestic correction 1S accomplished lu mes-us jcontz'ollecl'sud operated by the A" u 0 I .0

fecerzed by the mom line.

c s desmrilaed tongueof tlie main line relay is l to both of relay SE in whence to ground through contact .o tuning foils... illleirefore. the

relay 532% will ee under the influence of the ton ue tlio :umin-line onljr when the tuning for}; tongue L'l is making contact with LCQ. Another circuit from the tongue T of tlieselay lvllill goes through fixed condcnsel to tongue T of relay SR. The

stogi Sol relay SR is connected to the Windin A. to B oi i'elsy CR, and the stop M of irelsy SR is connectedto Winding D to C of the corrector relay CR; so that the circuit from tongue '1 of relay .SR must be tli'z'ougli one of the windings of relay CR and tnence to ground through contact RCC and the tuning fork. Any current impulse from condenser FC must pass through either one or the other Winding of relay GR and the position oi? the tongue of relay SR determinus which Winding of relay OR; the

condenser impulse will go through. When the tuning fork is making connection. with contact RC6 e positive impulse on terminal is. or as negative impulse on terminal D of LT of the tuning" forl: on contact RC6 when the tongue of MLB moves from right to left, that is from M to S the tongue of relay 0R, will remain on its stop M and the impulse from the condenser FG will flow through winding C to D and tongue of U i'eluy. GR will move to the left to stop r l Vlien, however, the tongue of relay MLR moves from left to right, from. stop S to stop M, the tongue of relay SR will remain on its stop S, and the impulse from the condenser will flow through Winding A to B of ieluy GR and the tongue of said relay GR will be moved to the leit to stop S. When the tongue of relay MLR moves from right to or from left to right at the moment that the tongue Lil of tuning fork 'llF is making contact With contact LCC, then tongue 'l of relay UR Will be thrown to the right due to the condenser impulse from'oondenser FC just as soon as tongue LT makes Contact with RCC. The impulse from the condenser can only take place when tongue LT engages contact RC0, and the tongue of relny SR moves only When tongue LT engages contact LGC.

lt should be noted that each time tongue T 01 relay MLR moves from one contact to the otlies e'short impulse from. condenser FC will pass through one of the, windings of relay CB. If this movenxeut of the tongue ort reley R shoulu occur when (ill the tuning fork is touching contact RC6" then the condenser discharge will immediately occur, and as tongue T of relay SR will not move because the tuning fork is not touching contact LCC the tongue of relay CR will he thrown to stop by the condenser discharge.

If, however, this movement of tongue T of relay MLR should occur when the tuning fork is touching contact LCQ the discharge from condenser FC through relay CR will be delayed until the tuning fork touches contact RC6. but this movement of tongue T of relay MLlt occuring when the tuning fork is making contaetwith 'LCei will cause movement oftongue T of relay SR and the condenser discharge which occurs when the tuning fork touches contact ECG will throw the tongue T of relayfllt to the stop M.

it will be evident that for each movement of the tongue of the main line relay there will be a discharge from condenser FC and if this movement of the main line relay occurs when the tuning fork is touching contact LCC the tongue of the switch relay SR will move so the condenser discharge throws the tongue of corrector relay CR to the right, but if this movement of the tongue of the main line rela should occur when the tuning fork is touching RCO the switch relay will not be moved and the condenser dischargewill throw the tongue of the corrector relay CR to the left.

The relay SR acts as a switch relay and switches the condenser discharge through either one or the other of the windings of the relay CR so that the tongue of the relay CR will be moved either to right or left. If the tongue of the main line relay moves when the tuning fork is touching one of its contacts the relay SR will move and switch the condenser impulse through relay CR so its tongue will move in a certain direction. If the tongue of the main line relay moves when the tuning fork is touching the other contact the relay SR will fail to move and the condenser impulse will move the tongue of relay GR in the other direction.

The stop M of the corrector relay OR is connected to a source of positive current and to the forward stop F of a holding relay HR. The armature of this holding relay is connected to the tongue of the relay CR and to one side of the winding of the holding relay magnet HM. The other side of this winding is connect ed to the stop S of the eorrector relay and also to the winding of the corrector magnet CM. In this connection is arranged aswitch CS by means of which the corrector magnet may be entirely disconnected from the col-rector relay and the holding relay. The armature of the holding relay is normally held against its back stop by a spring. The tongue T and the stops S and M of the corrector relay CR theatres are connected to the holding relay HRir such manner that when the tongue T of the correotor relay is on stop M the armature a of the holding relay will he held against the forward contact stop Fund the resultant current through magnet HM will hold the armature or against said stop and a steady current will he maintained in the corrector magnet GM of the tuning fork even though the tongue T of the relay CR tends to chatter on its contact M. When the tongue T of the relay CR makescont-act with the stop S the windings of the magnet of the holding relay HR will be shunted and the armature a will fall back and break the current flow through the correc-tor magnet of the tuning fork. It will'be seen, therefore, that when tongue T of the corrector relay makes contact with its stop M current flows throu h the corrector magnet, and that when tie tongue makescontaet with stop S current ceases to flow through the magnet CM. It also will be seen that the holding relay HR is connected in the correetor magnet circuit in such manner that any tendency of tongue I of the relay CR to chatter on its contact stops is not reflected in a fluctuating current in the corrector magnet of the tuning fork.

The tongue of the relay LR is connected through its own winding D to C to the terminal B of the winding BtoA of the transmitting relay TR, the terminal A of said winding being connected tothe selecting contact SC of the tuning fork. The tongue T of the transmitting relay is connected to the out section of the line and is also connected to the terminal C of the winding C to D of the said relay. The

terminal I) of said winding is connected to ground through a leak resistance Zr when the levers of switch ACS are in the normal or right hand position. The stop S of the transmitting relay is connected to a source of positive current and the stop M thereof is connected to a source of negative current; The stops S and M are connected through a pole-changing kev K to the OUT line through a switch KS. This key may be thrown into the OUT line circuit for the purpose of transmitting signals by hand.

The operation of the apparatus is as follows:

The period of vibration of the tuning fork is set by means'of the movable weights BTW and the adjusting rheostat AR so that r26 it makes slightly less than a complete cycle I of vibration for each unit length of received 1?Wl'lii3l'l sends positive and tire curreuizs of, unit or muliiple-unii, duration, and the said tongue 1 Will move at unit or multipleu nit intervals, assuming no distortion of the received line signals. If the vibration of "the tuning fork is in such V relation with the movements of the tongue ofiihe main line relay that the tongue LT or" she tuning fork is making cont-sci with the stop ECG at the instant um the tongue of the relay MILE moves to contact S or contact then the tongue oi the rel-syCld will he moved to its slop S end the corrector niagne'l; QM will hedoenei isccl-uzud the period or the tuning fork will he reduced. The phsse relation hetv-veen the tongue oi. the relay MLB and the fork Will now change and Within a. on erried of time the tongue LT of the tuning fork will make contact with LCC at the instant that the tongue of the relay makes contact with its stop either i ,S or M. The tongue of the corrector reof Contact of tongue T will now he moved to its stop M i-lie co ecizor mug-net will he energized, wh: cried vibration of the tun.- ingr re will rlius maintained-in synchron in approximate phase relationv vvit ceived signals. In actual operation songue T of relay MLR will be in transit between its contacts end M when the'tongue LT lay and of tuning" fork "FF is about to leave stop- LCG, is in transit between'stops LCC and ECG, or is just mekin contact with stop ECG. II" the received signals are mutilated so that cheyere shortened or lengthened as compared with the signals sent out by the srsusmitsing stsfiion, and, therefore the tongue of reley Ii /ill; does not move an exactly unis or .muliiple unit intervals there will he a speeding up slowing down of the period. or vibration or the tuning fork,

but speeding up and slowing down eile on {she tuning for; due to coirec'tor is quite smell and must persist 4 ar e. considerable time before the vihrs- 'tion oi? the tuning fork can get for of,

roloii phase relation with the received signsls inis system of holding the tuning fork in ssep with the line signals is very effective even: though the received line signals are considerably distorted.

When the correcting system is the hurling fork in step with the received unit signal lengths it will be noted that tongue of tuning fork will make contact wish stop SC once for each unii; length or relay Mill; on slop eisher' S or M and it also will he noted that current will flow ithrough Winding B To A of transmitting relay each. time tongue RT of the tuning f rk makes contact with the stop S-il, end shes the direclion said current will be governed by which the ucreesecl. The tunin fork holding I tongue of relay LR is making contact with. The movements of tongue T of relay LR are governed by the received line signals through relay MLR while there is no current flowing through Winding D to C of re 7 lay LR. Since a, current oi proper direction through winding B to A of 'irunsmitting relay TE will move its tongue T from 7 one contact stop to the other, it will m seen that the insizsns when the tongue of the 7 transmitting relayv moves, if it moves, is governed hy the contact of tongue RT of tuning fork with stop SC; but Whether or 110i; is moves and the direction of its movement depend upon which contact stop tongue T of relsy LR is making contact "with. lit should he noted that when tongue RT of fork is making consact with slop the current which flows shrough Winding B to A. of relay TR also 545 passes through winding D to C of relay LR and the direction of this current through relsy LR will be such as to hold its tongue firmly to the contact which it may he touching. This current through winding 99 D lo G of relay LR will he of greater strength than the current in win-ding E to A end. therefore the relay LR will not be under the influence of the main line relay ll HJB While transmitting relay TR is con nected to relay LR by means of .tongueR'l of the tuning fork making contact with stop SF. This locking current in the D to C Windin of the relay LR is important in that it insures the tongue o'fi relay LR from 100 movement while the transmitting reley TB is connected to relay LR and therefore the repeated signals from relay TR will be of full length. Were this locking arrangement on relay LR not provided a movement of the 195 tongue of the main line relay occurring While the tongue RT of the'tuning fork was touching stop SC would cause a corresponding. movement of the tongues of relays LR and TR and in order to minimize this detri mental effect the stag SC of the tuning fork v would have to be adjusted in such a. manner s to cause it to make -very short contact- 'ilurstion with the tongue RT. The locking current, however, through the D to C Winding of the relay LR, makes unnecessary any special adjustment of the stop SO of the tuning fork and thesto'p SC may make a long contact duration. with tongue RT of the tunsingleline Work, it will be unclorsiood use 355 ing fork, and the locking circuit through when this repeater is useci. on ciuplex lines the line marked GUT will lead to the apex of the reel and. artificial lines 01" the opposite half of the complete repeater set.

During the time that tongue RT of the tuning fork is not melting Contact with stop SC there will be no current flowing through the B to A winding of transmitting relay TR, and any slight or vibration (it the transmitting relay TR mightcause its tongue T to leave the stop it is makingcontuct with. In order to ensure firm and reliable contacts a leak is taken of? tongue T and through the C to D winding and through u high resistance Z? to ground, when switch llt'r in its normal or right lnuui position. The current i much the C to l) winding: is always in such direction as to hold the tongue to which ever stop it may be in contuct with. The value of the current in the C to D 'incliut: is. however much less than the full value of the current in th. ll to A winding and this leak holding current through winding C to D does not interfere with the proper movement of tongue T;,o y means of current in the B to A Winding.

Fig. 2 shows graphicallythe regenerative action of the repeuter. The line-l shows the signals of unit anti multiple-unit length either positive or negative as transmitted by the sending station. The line H shows the manner in which the distorted signals as received at the repeater set may operate relay MLR shown in Fig. i. It will be seen that in this illustration the S or spacing signals have been clipped or shortened, while the M or marking; signals have been lengthened. Line HI shows the TIIQVHTIQI'li of the tongue of locking relay LR. The heavy dashes on line 1V denote the contact moments of the contact tongue RT and stop SGof tuning fork TF shown in Fig. 1, during which contact moments transmitting relay TR may be operated by relay LR. Line V shows the'regeneratetl signals as transmitted by the tongue T of transmitting relay TE shown in Fig. l. The regenerated signals are all of unit or inultipieunii; length and are exact (liuilicetes of the signals shown on line ll.

It is to he untlerstomi that the apparatus herein described will correct eny distortion in signals that is less than one-half it cornplete unit. T1. the distortion of the signal -is greater than one-hell a unit perio so the-tithe signal impulse will he maintained beyond the moment of cent-act of thetongno RT with the selecting contact SC which, in the normal operation or" the signal, should; show a. reversal of current in the main line relay and in the LR relay,'then the rlistortion. in the signul will persist for the full unit period until the ncztt content oi? tongue RT with the seleetine contest SQ. The memento? contact oi? the torogue r ween e with the selecting contact SC marks the signal unit periorls so that the signal impulses sent out through the transmitting relay will he (ielinel by the vihrution of-the tongue lll end. its contact with the stop SC.

No adjustable means is provided to insure that the contact RT of the tuning fork will. make contact with step S6 at the proper moment with respect to the received signals for experience has proven that this udjustable means is unnecessary on a repeater of this type. {in a regenerative repeater of the rotary type this adjustable means is considered necessary and the adjustment of this means is i'ern'iecl orientation.

The correction in the distortion of the signals is accomplished by the tuning fork through its cooperation with the LR relay and the transmitting relay. To bring about this correction of the distortion in the signals it is only necessary that the tuning fork shell vibrate in synchronisln. with the incoining si iels oi unit length.

it has i n found useful on regenerative telegraph reps: 'ers to he uhlc to generate locally and to transmit signals of unit length and of constantly changing polarity to the outgoing line for use in l'mluncing purposes. l l'ei'orring to Fig. 1 ACS is a double throw double pole switch whose uorninil position to the right. ii heu both levers ol' this switch are thrown to the left the leak current from tongue T of relay Til through winding C l to l and, through leuk resistunce' Zr instead of going direct to ground will first pass through windings ll to of relay fill. Assuming no current in the C to D winding of relay LR this look current through wind ing Bto A of relay Lil will cause the tongue to move to a ilitierent position than that occupied by the tongue of relay When tongue RT of the tuning f'ork makes COllillCt with stop SC then the tongue of relay TR will more to correspond with the position of the tongue of rein LR. This movement of the tongue of role Tll. Willi of course. change the direction of the leak current through winding- B to A of relay LR but as longtongue RT of tuning fork makes contact with stop SC the locking current through the D to C winding of relay LR will prevent this leek current operating it. As soon as the tongue RT of the tuning fork breaks contact with stop SC the look ing current in the D to C winding of relay Lillwill. cease and the tongue of relay LR will now move uncler the influence of the leak current in the A to B windings. It will be seen that when the tuning fork tongue RT niekes contact with SC the tongue of relay TR will he moved to corresponll with the tongue of releyLR encl that when the tuning "fork tongue RT breaks contact with SS the tongue of relay LR will move to a position not corresponding with the tongue of relay TB. As long as the tuning fork TF vibrates the tongues of relays LR and TR Will'aiso vibrate though. the frequency. of vibration oi the relays will be one hali' of that oi the tuning fork.

When this repeater is, used on duplex telegraph lines and it is ciesireti to regener ate-the signals passing in both directions, twice the amount oi apparatus shown in Fig. 1 Will, of course, be requireci, as well as duplex balancing equipment.

While the largest application of this repeater will probably be on telegraph lines worked by means oi some automatic system such as a multiplex printing telegraph system, its use is by no means limited to physical telegr; eh lines anti it may be used to re peat sig--; received over carrier current systems, submarine cables, radio telegraph systems and other signalling. means.

What I claim is:

1. A regeneratine vibratory repeater apparatus for telegraph circuits, signal receiving' apparatus, a vibrating element, a signal transmitting apparatus, means whereby the time of operation of the transmitting apparatus'will be oontroiled by the vibrating element, and means electrically connecting the transmitting apparatus to the signal receiving apparatus independent 1 oi the said vibrating element whereby the cliaraeter of the signals sent out by the transmitting apparatus will be governed by the signal impulses received by the receiving apparatus, 4

2. A telegraph system comprising a means for transmittin signals of units or innlti pie unit lengta of opposite polarities, a signal receiving apparatus, a signal transmitting apparatus, a vibrating element, means whereby the signal receiving apps,- ratus anti. the vibrating element will cause the transmitting apparatus to. transmit signals of unit or innltipie unit length and of opposite polarities, and means operating'inlepentiently of the said vibrating element whereby the signal receiving apparatus will control the character or polarities of the signals transmitted by the transmitting apparatus, the gi nit length of the signals trans. mittecl by the'transinitting apparatus being. controlled bythe signal receiving apparatus and the vibrating element.

3. A regenerative vibratory repeater apparatus for telegraph circuits comprising a main line relay, a vibrating element, is tZfi-IIS- mitting relay, means whereby the time of operation of the transmitting relay will be controlled by the vibrating element, ancl means electr'eally connecting the transmitting relay e0 the main line relay imlepenrlviii i relay the char entlv of the s t element I aeter of the signals t by the train misting relay will be '3", ed. by the signnl impulses re-eeivecl the line relay,

comprising a y e A reganeretive viiorat ry re ieatsr epparatns for telegraph systems wherein the signals transmittal are of unit length or multiple unit length, comprising, a line relay, 2, vibrating element, transmitting relay, means whereby the vibrating element will permit the transmitting relay tooperate only at signal unit intervals, and ineansccnnecting the transmitting relay to the main line reisy indepeifientiyoi: the said vibrator element whereby the charscter of thesignals sent out by the transmitting relay will be governed by the signal impulses receive-ti by the mainline relay. I

5. A regenerative vibratory sap paratns. for telegraphsystems wherein the signals transmitted or nnitlength or multiple length, comprising a main line rela a vibrating element, a transmitting relay, means whereby the vibrating element will permit the transmit-ting relay to operate only at signal trait intervals, mesns conneot ing the transmitting relay to the main i ne relay inclepeneiently of the said". vi element whereby the character oi": the sent ont'by the -"lt-'al1SLi governed by the si nai impulses was the main line relay,- anii means int. between. the reley and the rib ing element and operated by the recei to .1. e decrease the B z-ea." the vibratin element thereby to the vibratin eiernent in. synciironisni Wl the units of the receivesignels. 5. A regenerative vibratory repeater sppsratus for telegraph wherein the signals transmitted are of unit length or multiple unit length, comprising main line relay, a vibrating element, a trensmitti relay, means whereby the vibrating'eleineni.

will permit the transmitting relay to oper only unit intervals, means connect ing the trensroitting relay to illfiifikfllll line rela Whereb the character of the J sent out y the transmitting rel y Wili governed. by the signal impulses rece ves ii the main line relny, a switch relay I byv the main line rel. y as controlletl by the switch relay hinting l inent, Mi l means ogzeraseti by u ccrreoto' ey to maintsin the worst.

element in syn iiro giisni with the en the signals reoeiveciiby theinain iine '5. A regenerative vibratory repeater paretus for telgegreph systems wherein the signals transmitted are of unit; length or multiple unit len h, comprising is, main line reiay, vibreting element, a transmitting relay, moons whereby vibrating element will permit the transmitting relay to noel unit intervals, nieens con i to the l on by the main line relay, a switch relayopen ated by the main line relay, a corrector relay controlled by the switch relay, means operated by the corrcctor relay to maintain the vibrating element in syncnronism with the relay, a vibrating element, a transmitting relay, means operated by the vibrating element to permit current to flow through the transmitting relay at signal unit intervals,

, means connecting the transmitting relay to the main line relay independently of the said vibrating element whereby the character of the si ials sent out by the transmitting relay will lib governed by the signal impulses received by the main line relay, and corrector means operated by the received signals and the vibrating element to maintain the vibrating element in synchronism with the united the received signals.

9, A. regenerative vibratory repeater apparatus for telegraph systems wherein the signals transmitted are of unit length or multiple unit length, comprising a main line relay, a vibrating element means for norreally maintaining the said element vibrating at a slower speed than the received signal units, a corrector magnet for causing the vibrating element to vibrate at a slightly higher speed th n the received signal units, a switch relay ,onnected to the main line relay and operated thereby, a corrector re lay connected to the switch-relay and con trolled thereby, means operated by thecorrector relay to render the corrector magnet 'operative or iii-operative, means operated by the vibrating element to control the operation of the corrector relay, a trans mitting relay, means whereby the'vibrating elemgnt will permit the transmitting relay to operate only at signalunitintervals, and means connecting the transmitting relay to i the main line relay whereby the character of the signals sent out by the transmitting relay will be governed by the signal impulses received by the main line relay.

10. A telegraph system comprising a means for transmitting signals of unit or multiple unit length and of opposite polarities. a main line relay, a transmitting relay, a vibrating element, acorrector means.

interposed between the main line relay and the vibratir element and controlled by the vibrating element to maintain said vibrating nent in synci'; m with the units of the received signals, ans whereby the main line relay and the ibrat'ing element will masses cause the transmitting relay to transmit signals of unit or multiple unit length, and means independent of the said .ribrating element whereby the mainline relay will control the charatef-of the signals transmitted by the transmitting relay, the unit length of the signals transmitted by the transmitting relay being controlled by the main line relay and the vibrating element.

11. A regenerative vibratory repeater apparatus for telegraph systems wherein the signals transmitted are of unit length or multiple unit length, comprising a main line relay, a vibrating tuning fork having two arms one arm earring a tongue LT and the other arm earring tongue RT, a pair of contacts LCC and ROG for said tongue LT, a pair of contacts DC and SC for the said tongue RT, 'a transmitting relay having one of its coils electrically connected to the SC contact of the tuning fork, the other coil of said transmitting relay being connected to the relay tongue and to ground through a leak rcsist-anoe, a locking relay having one of its coils connected to the relay tongue and to that coil of the transmitting relay which is electrically connected to the SC contact of the tuning fork, the other coil of the said locking relay being'connccted to ground and to the tongue of the main line relay, a switch relay having its coils connected in series with one terminal connected to the tongue of the main line relay and the other terminalconnected to the LCC contact. of the tuning fork, an electrical connection between thetongue of the switch relay and the tongue of the main line relay, a condenser interposed in said connection, a corrector relay having its'coils connected in series, the terminal "of one coil being connected to the marking stop of the switch relay, the other terminal of said coil being connected to the ECG stop of the tunning- :t'orlr and the terminal of the other coil of thecorrector relay being connected to the spacing stop of the switch relay, a holding relay, a corrector magnet operating on the tuning fork and controlled by the holding relay, means whereby the tongue of the correc'tor relay when in position against one of its stops will energize the holding relay and the correct-or magnet and, when 1n position against its other stop will;v

short circuit the holding relay and deenergize the corrector magnet, and a driving magnet operating upon the tanning fork and electrically connected to the DC contact of the tuning fork.

12. A regenerative vibratory re eater apparatus for telegraph system wherein the signals transmitted are of unit length er multiple unit length, comprising a'main line relay, a vibrating tuning fork having two arms one arm carrying a tongue LT and the other arm carryingan arm RT, a nil contacts 'LC() and ECG for said tongue L'll, a pair of contacts DC and SC for the said ton 'ue RT, a transmitting relay having one of its coils electrically connected to the SC contact of the tuning fork, the other coil of said transmitting relay being connected to the relay tongue and to ground through a leak resistance, a locking relay having one of its coils connected to the relay tongue and to that coil of the transmitting relay" which is electrically connected to the SC contact of the tuning fork, the other coil of the said locking relay being connected to ground and to the tongue of the main line relay, a switch relay having its coils connected in series with one terminal connected to the tongue of the main line relay and the other terminal connected to the LGU contact of the tuning fork, an electrical connection between the tongue of the switch relay and the tongue of the main line relay, a condenser interposed in said connection, a co-rrector relay having its coils connected in series, the

terminal of one coil being connected "to the marking stop of the switch relay, the other terminal of said coil being connected to the RC0 stop of the tuning fork and. the terminal of the other coil oil the corrector relay being connected to the spacing stop of the switch relay, and means controlled by the corrector relay to vary the speed of vibration of the tuning fork.

13. A regenerative vibratory repeater ap paratus for telegraph systemswherein the signals transmitted are of unit length or multiple unit length, comprising a main line relay, a vibrating tuning fork having two arms one armicarrying a tongue LT and the other arm carrying an arm RT, a pair of contacts LCC and ROG for said tongue LT, a pair oicontacts DC and SC for the said tongue RT, a transmitting relay having one of its coils electrically connected to the SC contact of the tuning fork, the other coil of said transmitting relay being connected to the relay tongue and to ground through a leak resistance, a locking relay having one of its coils connected to the relay tongue and to that coil of the transmitting relay which is electrically connected to the SC contact of the tuning fork, the other coil of the said locking relay being connected to ground and to the tongue-of the main line relay, a switch relay having ts coils connected in series with one terminal connected, to the tongue of the main line relay and theother terminal connected to the LCC contact of the tun ing'fork,-an electrical connection between the tongue of the switch relay and the tongue of the main line relay, a condenser interposed in said connect-ion, a corrector relay having its coils connected in series, theterminal of one coil being connected to the marking stop of the switch relay, the other terminal of said coil being connected to the RC6 stop of the tuning fork and the terminal of the other coil of the corrector relay bein connected to the spacing stop or the switch relay, means for normally maintaining the tuning fork vibrating at a speed slightly slower than the speed of the received signal units, and means controlled by'the corrector relay for causing the tuning fork to vibrate at a speed slightly faster than the speed of the received unit signals.

14. A regenerative vibratory repeater ap- .1 u paratus for telegraph systems wherein the signals transmitted are of unit length or niulit'iple unit length, comprising a main line relay, a vibrating} element, a transmitting relay, means whereby the vibrating element will permit the transmitting relay to operate only at signal unit intervals, means connecting the transmitting relay to the main line relay whereby the character of the signals sent out by the transmitting relay will be governed by the signal impluses received by the main line relay, a switch relay operated by the main line relay, a corrector relay controlled by the switch relay, means for normally maintaining the tuning fork vibrating at a speed slightly slower than the speed of the received signal units, means controlled by the corrector relay. for causingthe tuning fork to vibrate at a speed faster than the speed of the received unit signals,

and means whereby the operation of the corrector relay will be controlled by the vibrating element.

15. A regenerative vibratory repeater apparatus for telegraph systems wherein the signals transmitted are of unit length or multiple unit length, comprising a main dinerelay, a vibrating tuning fork, a contact for the' said fork,a transmitting relay hav ing -one of its coils electrically connected to the contact of the fork, the other coil of said transmitting relay being connected'to the relay tongue and to ground, and a look ing relay having one of its coils connected to the relay tongue and to that coil of the transmitting relay which is electrically connected to the contact of the tuning fork, the other coil of the said locking relay being connected to ground'and to the tongue of the main line relay.

16. A regenerative vibratory repeater up paratus for telegraph systems wherein the signals transmitted are of unit length or multiple unit length, comprising a main line relay, a vibrating tuning fork, a contact for the said fork, a transmitting relay having one of its coils electrically connected to the contact of the fork, the other coil of said transmitting relay being connected to the relay tongue having one of its coils onnected to the relay tongue and to that coil of the transmitting relay which is electrically connected to the not and to ground, a locking relay contact of the tuning fork, the other coil of the said locking relay being connected to ground and. to the tongue of the main line relay, and means operated by the received signals and the tuning fork to maintain the tuning fork in synchronism with the units of the received signals.

17. A regenerativ ihrattn-y repeater apparatus for telegraph systems wherein the signals transmitted are of unit length or multiple unit length, comprising a main line relay, a vibrating tuning fork, a con-- tact for the said fork, a transmitting relay formed with dillerential windings and having oneof its coils electrically connccted to the contact of the fork, and a locking relay having differential windings and having one of its coils connected to the relay tongue and to that coil of the transmitting relay which is electrically connected to the contact of the tuning fork. the other coil of the said locking relay being connected to ground and to the tongue of the main line relay.

18. A regenerative vibratory 'l'fiptllttll' apparatus'for telegraph systems wherein the signals transmitted arc. of unit length or multiple unit length. comprising a main line relay, a vibrating tuning fork. a contact tor the said 'l'ork, a transmitting rclay formed \vith dillerential windings and having one of itgcoils electrically connected to the contact of the fork, a locking relay having dil ferential windings and having one of its coils connected to the: relay tongue and to that coil of the tri'u'ismitling relay which is electrically connected to the contact of the tuning fork, the othcr coil of the said locking relay being connected to ground and to the tongue of the main line rclay. and means operated by the received signals and the tuning fork to maintain the tuning fork in synchronism with the units o'r' the received signals.

19. A rcgenerativc vibratory repeater apparatus for telegraph systems wherein the signals t'ansmitted are of unit lcngth or multiple unit length. comprisii'ig a main line relay, a vibrating tuning fork, a contact for the said fork. a transn'iitting rcla v.,lia ving one of its coils electrically connected to the contact of the fork, the other coil of said transmit-ting rclay being conmzcted to the relay tongue and to ground. a locking relay having onc of its coils connected to the relay tongue and to that coil. of the transmitting relay which is electrically connected to the contact of the tuning fork. and means operated by the received signals and .uning fork to increase the speed of the min g fork whenever the speed of il'irations thereof "falls below the normal speed of the received signal units, thereby to maintain the fork .in synchronism with said received signal units.

3 A regenerative vibratory rcpcatcr aoparatus for telegraph systems wherein the signals transmitted are of unit length or multiple unit length, comprising a main line relay, avibrating tuning fork, a contact for the said fork. a transmitting relay formed with dillerential windings andhaving one of its coils electric: lly conncctcd to the contact of the fork, a locking relay having differential windings and having one oi its coils connected to the relay tongue and to that coil of the transmitting relay which is electrically connected to the contact of the tuning tork. the other coil of the said locking relay being connected to ground and to the tongue olthc main line relay, a. correctinrclay opcratcd by the tuning fork and signal impulses from the main line relay. and incans controllml by thc corrcctor relay to increase or dccreasc the spccd ol the tuning fork. thereby to maintain said fork in synchronism with the units of the signals received by the main line relay.

21. In a rcgcncrativc vibratory rcpcater, a. main line relay. a locking relay, a transmitting rcla v. a vibrating clcmcnl. a contact for said vibrating elcmcnt. means \vhcrcby lhc locking rclay will bc normally controllcd by thc main linc rclay. and mcaus \vhcrcby whcu thc vibrating clcmcut touches its contact thc locking rclay will bc prcvcutcd from opcrating and the transmitting rclay will be conncctcd to said locking relay.

22. ln a rcgcncrative vibratory l'cpcatcr. means for gencrating currcnt reversals of unit lcngth imlcpcndcntly ot' the rcccivcd signals said mcans comprising a locking rclay. a transmitting relay, a positive and ncgalivc source of dirccli current lo) thc transmitting rclay. a vibrating elcmcnt. a contact for said vibrating clcmcnt. means whcrcby thc locking rclay may be placed in circuitwith the. transmitting relay through av lcak resistance, and means whereby when said vibrating clement touchcs its contact the locking relay will be prcvcntcd from operating and the transmitting relay will beconnccted to said locking relay.

25). la a regenerative vibratory rcpcatcr. means for generating current reversals of unit lcngth indepcmlently ol' the rcccivcd signals said mcans comprising a locking relay. a transmitting relay, a. positive and negative source ol direct, current tor the transmitting relay, a vibrating elemcnt, a contact for said vibrating element. and means whcrcby whcnsaid vibrating element touches its contact the locking relay wil be prevci'ilcd from opcrating and the transmitting rclay will be connected to said locking relay. v i

24. In a regenerative vibrator" repeater, means for generating current reversals of unit length independently of the received signals said means COlIlIfllSll'lg a locking rclay. a transmitting relay, a positive and negative source of direct current for the transmitting relay, a vibrating element, a contact for said vibrating element, and means whereby when said vibrating element touches its contact a current impulse of unit-length will be sent out by the transmitting relay, the locking relay and the transmitting relay being so connected in circuit that each impulse sent out by the transmitting relay will be of the same unit length as the preceding impulse but of op posite polarity.

25. In a regenerative vibratory repeater, means for generating current reversals of unit length independently of the received signals said means comprising a main line relay, a locking relay, a transmitting relay, a positive and negative source of current for the transmitting relay, means whereby the locking relay will be normally controlled by the-main line relay, a vibrating element, a contact for said vibrating element, means whereby the main line relay-may be cut out of circuit with the locking relay and the locking relay placed in circuit with the transmitting relay through a leak resistance, and means operating with the main line relay cut out whereby when said vibrating element touches its contact the locking relay will be prevented from operating and the transmitting relay will be connected to said locking relay,

26. In a regenerative vibratory repeater,

means for generating current reversals of unit length independently of the received signals said means comprising a main line relay, a locking relay, a transmitting relay,

a positive and negative source of current for the transmitting relay, means whereby the locking relay will be normally controlled by the main line relay, a vibrating element,

a contact for said vibrating element, means whereby the main line relay may be cut out of circuit with the locking relay and the locking relay placed in circuit with the transmitting relay through a leak resistance,

and means operating with the main line oscillation of the vibrating element will cause the two relays to operate to send out on a connected line sectlon current impulses of equal unlt length each'lmpulse being opposite in polarity to the immediately preceding impulse.

28. A telegraph apparatus comprising a vibrating element, two relays, a positive and negative source of direct current for one of said relays, a single contact for said vibrating element, said contact being in circuit with a coil of each of said relays, and means whereby the oscillation of the vibrating element will cause the two relays to operate to send out on a connected line section current impulses of equal unit length each impulse being opposite'in polarity to the immediately preceding impulse.

In testimony whereof I hereunto aifix my signature 1 ALDER F. CONNERY.

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