US1541915A - Electromagnetic separator - Google Patents

Description

June 16, 1925. 1,541,915

J. BING ELECTROMAGNETIC SEPARATOR Filed Nov. lO, 1924 Patented June 16, 1925.

teiten JULIUS B ING, OF EISENACI-I, GERMANY,

ASSIGNOR TO THEMFIRM MAGNETVERK G. M. B. H. EISENACH -SPEZIALFABRK FR ELEKTROMAGNET-APPARATE, 0F

EISENACH, THURINGIA, GERMANY.

nLEcrnoMAGNE'rie snrnnnfron,

Application filed November 10, 1924. Serial No. 749,059.

To all whom t may concern:

Be it known that LJULiUs Bine, a citizen of Germany, residing at Eisenach, in the State of Thuringia, Germany, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in lillectromagnetic Separators, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to electro-magnetic separators, and particularly to those in which the introduction of the material into the magnetic field, and also t-he carrying of it out of the field, are effected with the aid of a drum, which surrounds a stationary magnetic system and rotates relatively thereto.

The 4main object of the invention is to improve such separators in such a direction that they ensure an effective operation, are particularly adapted to separate even very weakly magnetic material quite purely and rapidly, and at the same time are comparatively cheap to manufacture and to work,

With a view to attaining these aswell as other aims, which will become evident incidentally to the more detailed description hereinafter following of an embodiment of the invention, the invention consists essen'- tially in such an arrangement of the sep arator that the magnetizable particles of the material, while traversing the magnetic field, are repeatedly moved to and fro through the said iield, so that their adhesion is loosened and the non-magnetizahle particles entangled between the Vmagnetizable particles are set free. Thesenon-niagneti. able particles can then fall away unhindered during the traversing of the 'magnetic field.

A further characteristic of the invention consists in the fact that for attaining the above-mentioned objects the drum jacket of the separator is constructed in such a way that it is divided in an axial direction into comparatively narrow strips of magnetizable and unmagnetizable material and at the' same time the magnet poles are so shaped and so arranged that the operative pole edges run obliquely to the direction of rotation of the drum, and the poles themselves engage with one another alternately in an axial direction in such a way that the polarity of the parts of the jacket passing away over them is continually changing.

A further characteristic et invention consists in the special shaping and arrangements of the exciting winding for the mag netic system.

The invention is illustrated by way of example in the accompanying drawing, in which- Figure l is a constructional form of the new separator, theY right-hand side of the figure being in elevation, the left-hand side in axial sectional elevationand the middle showing aside elevation of the magnet body with the drum jacket removed.

Figure 2 is a section on the line ll-ll in Figure l.

Figure 3 shows the exciting windings in perspective.

The separator consists essentially of the stationary magnetic system 1, and of the drum 2 enclosing this system. The magnet system l surrounds the shaft 3, which rests at its ends in bearings 4, i and is hindered upon its rotating by the holder 5. The middle thickened part of the shaft 3 carries, in the constructional form illustrated7 three magnetbodies keyed firmly to the shaft. Of' these magnet bodies the two outer ones, 6a and 6b are unilateral, while the middle one 6 is substantially symmetrically constructed. The two outer or lateral magnet bodies 6a and 6b each comprise a hub part, 7L and 7b respectively,` a sector or discshaped part, 8a and 8b respectively, projectingtherefrom radially, and a pole part 10a and 10b respectively consisting of a plurality of inwardly directed pointed teeth or pro'- jections, 9a and 9* respectively, and having al coaxial cylindrical outer surface. In the case of the middle magnet body 6 the disc part Sc'is iitted in the Vmiddle to the hub body and the pole part 10c, the outside of which likewise lies in the above mentioned cylindrical surface, is symmetrically constructed in so far as the pointed teeth 9't project towards both'sides of the' central plane in an axial direction. There is however a lack of complete symmetry, in so far as the teeth on the one sideA do not lie exactly opposite to the teeth on the other side, the teeth on the two sides being arranged in staggered relationship to one another. The

teeth 9a and 9b of the outer pole body areV also staggered relatively to the teeth 9c of the central pole body 6, in such a way as CTI to engage in the intervening spaces formed b y the teeth 9C, while conversely the teeth 9 engage in the intervening spaces between the teeth 9a and between the teeth 9b of the lateral magnet bodies 6a' and 6l respectively. Between the substantially parallel edges of the opposing teet-h are left certain distances, which are designated 11 in Figure 1. The disc parts 8, as well as the pole parts oi. the magnet bodies 6, in a known manner, as shown in Figure 2, do not extend throughout the entire periphery, but only form sectors which, as the dotted lines indicate, eX- tend round at both ends somewhat beyond the axial central plane in question. The three magnet bodies 6, 6b and 6 form together two separate magnetic systems, which have however a common Xciting coil 12.

This exciting coil is made by winding the requisite number of turns of wire into a longitudinal closed loop, the individual turns lying in substantially parallel planes, and by then bending the arcuate end parts ofthese loops back through a right angle, thus producing the `iormation illustrated in Figure 3, which is then slid with the arcuate parts over the hub parts 7 of the magnet bodies, while the straight parts 13 connecting them come to lie along the shaft 3 and the radial. rear sides of the segments 8. The exciting current is supplied to the winding 12 by means of a lead 16 passing through holes 15 bored in the shaft 3 and in the ma ginet bodies.

The exciting of the two separate magnetic systems may of course alternatively be effected in the otherwise usual manner with the aid of two annular coils. he construction described offers however substantial advantages. In the first place it requires less copper than two separate windings. Above all, it obviates the excessive .and harmful leakage which occurs in the case of annular windings on the rear' side of the magnet sectors 8 and which causes the magnetic field to extend in reality in rather considerable strength out beyond the ends of the sectors ina peripheral direction and causes the magnetic constituents of the mate-rial to be carried along beyond the actual boundaries of the separation Zone, which ot course impairs the satisfactory working of the separator. This disadvantage makes itself felt particularly in the case of separators the drums oi which are provided with coverings consisting of magnetizable material, as will hereinafter be described.

The. hereinbefore described construction of the magnet bodies enables the separator to be conveniently assembled and taken to pieces. Also types of separators of greater length easily admit of being manufactured by the aid of magnet bodies of the construction described. It it is desired to build a separator of greater length and at the same time of greater capacity, all that is necessary is to lit one or more additional magnet bodies, of the same nature as the central body 6C illustrated in Figure 1, on to a correspondingly prolonged shaft. lllhen employing exciting windings of the form illustrated in Figure 3, two further magnet bodies like (3" ior eac-h additional winding must then always be added.

The drum 2 containing the two magnetic systems comprises essentially the two end shields 17 and 18, which are rotatably supported on the parts of the shaft 3 located between the magnet bodies 6aV and 6b and the bearings 11, 11. The two shields 17, 18 are connected with one another by a cylindrical jacket 19, which is mounted at its ends on inwardly directed flange-like projections 20 on the shields 17 and 18. The jacket may consist of non-magnetizable material, such as brass, or of magnetizable material. In the latter case either the thickness of the jacket is kept very small, so that it takes up no appreciable number of lines of force, or else a sheet material of very low magnetic conductivity o-r permeance is used, such as manganese steel.

The jacket 19 is provide-d with a covering' which is divided stripwise into n'iagnetizable and ncn-magnetizable material. The covering may be made for example by winding wires of quadrilateral cross section side by side on vthe jacket 19 into the form of a flatthreaded screw. This is done preferably with wires in pairs. one quadrilateral wire, such as 21, consisting of magnetizable material, iron for example, and the` adjacent quadrilateral wire, such as 22, of non-magnetizable material, `for instance brass. r1`he adjacent turns of the winding are preterably soldered or welded on one another and also to the drum jacket 18, and then turned up smooth on the outside.

The right-hand drum end shield 1S is provided with a toothed ring 23, which gears with a toothed wheel not shown, by means of which the drum is set in rotation.

In operating the separator, the material, preferably finely divided, is supplied in a known manner by means ol a feed channel on the upper side of the drum 2. 1t then travels with the drum in the direction o't the arrow in Figure 2 through the magnetic field. rhe magnetizable particles ot the material are in that case particularly strongly attracted at the outer edges of the strips 21 of magnetizable material, where the lines of force concentrate. Here rows of clusters of magnetic particles form, which however, while travelling through :the magnetic field continually change their direction, since th' strength of the fields of force traversed in he travelling, as well as their polarity are also incessantly changing, the inductive el"- fect of the magnet poles on the magnetizable magnetizable material. i

strips of the drum-'jacket covering changing both with the Adimensions and with the position and boundaries of the parts of the magnet poles that are for the time being Covered.`

effective separation of the material isob-V tained `even when treating very feebly magnetic material.

llfhen the drum, With the material located upon it, has travelled past the magnet sector, the material arrives in so far as it still adheres to the drum in the non-magnetic Zone.- Since here, on account of the special construction of the magnet winding, the leakage line 'formation is exceedingly small, even the iron strips Q1 ofthe drum cove/ringl cannot concentrate in themselves any considerable number of lines of force, so' that they remain practically, immagnetic and soon after passing,1r the lower vertex of the drum even the inagnetizable particles drop olf.

I claim 1. Electro-magnetic separator comprising: a magnet system; `a drum enclosing said'magnet system and rotatable relatively to it; the magnet poles .of said system lying substantially in a cylindrical sur-face coaxial to said drum and having edges lying obliquely to the generatrix ofsaid cylindrical surface; said drum comprising' substantially hclically .arranged strips consistingl alternately of magnetizable and non- 2. Electro-magnetic separator comprising: a magnet system; a drum enclosing said magnet system and rotatable relatively to itgjjthe magnet poles of said system lying substantially in a cylindrical surface coaxial to said drum and having edges lying obliquely to the generati-ix of s'aid'cylindrical surface; an iron Wire Winding and a brass wire Winding on said drum; each turn of said iron wire Winding alternating` with a turn of the brass Wire Winding; adjacent turns of said windings intimately connected to one another .and to the drum. y

3. Electro-magnetic separator comprising: a magnet system.; la drum enclosingsai-d magnet system and rotatable relatively to it; the magnet poles of said system lying:r substantially in a cylindrical 'surface eoaxial to said drum and having edges lyingT obliquely to .the generatrix of` said cylindrical surface; an iron Wire Windingy and a brass `Wire Winding' on said drum; each turn `of the iron Wire Winding alternating with a turn of the brass wire Windino" D adjacent turns of said windings soldered'to one another and to said drum; said windings being turned up smooth on the outside. j

` 4. Electro-magnetic separator comprising: a magnet system having' magnet poles; a `drum enclosing said system and rotatable relatively to it; theoutside surfaces of said magnet poles lying substantially in cylindrical surfaces parallel to the drum surface and having edges extending obliquely to the generatrix of said cylindrical surfaces; said drum comprising circumferentially extending strips of alternately magnetic and nonmagnetic material.

5. Electro-magnetic separator comprising: a magnet system having mag-net poles; a `drum enclosing said system and rotatable relatively to it; the outside surfaces of said magnet poles lying `substantially in cylindrical surfaces parallel to the `drum surface and having edges extending obliquely to the generatrix of said cylindrical surfaces; a Winding of magnetizable quadrilateral Wire secured to the outside of said drum; a ond Winding of non-magnetizable quadrilateral Wire secured to the outside of said drum each turn `of the one Winding adjacent to a turn; of the other Winding; the adjacent turns intimately connected to one another and to the drum.

6. Electro-magnetic separator `comprising: a magnet system; a drum en'closin,jgl said system and rotatable relatively to it; the poles of said system being); formed of axially projecting tooth like parts having oblique edf-res lying' substantially in a cylindrical surface coaxial to said drum; two quadrilateral wires, one of macnetizable the other one of non-magnetizableV material; said Wires Wound With pairs in the form of a flat-threaded screw onto said drum; the single turns of said windings soldered to one another and to said drurm and turned up on the outside. j

7. Electro-magnetic separator comprising: a magnet system; a drum enclosing` said system and rotatable relatively to it; the outer surfaces of said magnet poles lying substantially in cylindrical surfaces parallel to the surface of said drum and having` edges extending obliqnely Vto generatrixes of said cylindrical surfaces; said drum having a covering consisting substantially of circumferentially extending strips of alternately magnetizable and non-mag'- netizable material.

8. Electro-magnetic separator comprising: a magnet system havingv poles of different polarity; a drum enclosing; said magi'- net system and rotatable relatively to it; the poles of different polarity forming tivo opposite groups of pointed teeth axially projecting in different directions; the pole teeth Yof the one group projecting` into the interstices formed by the teeth of the other group; two quadrilateral wires, one of magnetizable the other one of non-magnetizable material; said wires wound in pairs in the form of a flat-threaded screw onto said drum and rigidly secured to it.

9. Electro-magnetic separator comprising: a magnet system; a drum enclosing said magnet system and rotatable relatively to it; pole pieces of different polarity arranged on said magnet system in such a way as to form between them gaps of Zig- Zag-like configuration; said drum containing substantially circumferentially elongated parts consisting alternately of magnetizable and non-magnetizable material.

10. Electro-magnetic separator comprising: a magnet system having poles of different polarity; a drum enclosing said magnet system and rotatable relatively to it; the poles of different polarity forming two opposite groups of pointed teeth axially projecting' in different directions; the pole teeth of the one group projecting into the interstices formed by the teeth of the other group: said drum having substantially helically arranged metal strips consisting in the axial direction alternately of magnetizable and non magnetizable material.

11. Electro-magnetic separator comprising: a magnet system having poles of different polarity; a drum inclosing said magnet system and rotatable relatively to it; the poles of different polarity forming two opposite groups of pointed teeth axially r projecting in different directions; the pole teeth of the one group projecting into the interstices formed by the teeth of the other group; said drum comprising a sheet metal jacket and a series of strips of quadrilateral section secured adjacently to each other to said jacket and extending substantially in a ci 'cumferential direction; said strips consisting alternately of magnctizable and nonmagnetizable material.

12. Electro-magnetic separator comprising: a magnet system; a drinn enclosing said magnet system and rotatable relatively to it; the magnet poles of said system lying in a cylindrical surface coaxial to said drum and having edges lying obliquely to the generatrix of said cylindrical surface; said drum having` a covering of alternately n'iagnetiza le and non-magnetizable strips lying` adjacent one to another; pole pieces on said magnet system: the operative edges of said pole pieces and of said strips substantially crossing each other.

13. Electro-magnetic separator comprising: a magnet system; drum enclosing said magnet system and rotatable relatively to it: the magnet poles of said system lying in a cylindrical surface coaxial to said drum and having edges lying obliquely to the generatrix of said cylindrical surface; said drum comprising a jacket of thin sheet metal; a plurality of strips of alternately magnetizable and non-magnetizable material and extending substantially circumferentially secured to said jacket.

14. Electro-magnetic separator comprising: a statinary magnet system; a rotatable drum enclosing said magnet system and having a jacket of sheet metal; two windings of quadrilateral wire on said jacket; one of said windings' of iron and the other one of brass; said windings being so arranged that each turn of the one winding will alternate with a turn of the other winding; each turn soldered to theI adjacent turn and to the sheet metal jacket; said magnet system having pole pieces lying in a cylindrical surface substantially coaxial to said drum, and having edges extending obliquely to the generatrix of said cylindrical surface.

15. Electro-magnetic separator comprising: a stationary magnet system; a rotatable drum enclosing said magnet system and having' a jacket of thin sheet metal; two windings of quadrilateral wire on said jacket, one of said windings' of iron and the other one of brass; said windings being so arranged that each turn of the one winding will alternate with a turn of the other winding; each turn soldered to the adjacent turn and to the sheet metal jacket; said magnet system having pole pieces the outer surfaces of which lying in a cylindrical surface substantially coaxial to said drum; said pole pieceshaving axially projecting pointed teeth reciprocally engaging' each other.

16. Electro-magnetic separator comprising: a stationary magnet system; a rotatable drum enclosing said magnet system and having a jacket of thin sheet metal; two windings of quadrilateral wire on said jacket. one of said windings of iron and the other one of brass; said windings being so arranged that each turn of the one winding will alternate with a turn of theother winding; each turn soldered to the adjacent turn and to the sheet metal jacket; said pole pieces forming two opposite groups of teeth axially projecting in different directions; the pole teeth of the one group projecting into the interstices formed by the pole teeth of the other group.

17. Electro-magnetic separator comprising: a magnet system; a drum enclosing said system and rotatable relatively to it; the edges of the poles of .aid magnet system adjacent to saitt drum lying substantially iu a cylindrical surface coaxial to said drum and extending obliquely to the axis of the drum; said drum comprising substantially circumferentially extending strips of alternately magnetizable and non-magnetizable material.

18, lllectro-magnetic separator comprising: two magnet bodies; a drum enclosing said magnet bodiesand rotatable relatively to them; said drum having a covering con sisting of substantially circumterentially eX- tending and non-Inagnetizable material; and a single exciting coil common to said two magnet bodies.

19. Electroanagnetic separator comprising: two magnet bodies; a drum enclosing said magnet bodies and rotatable relatively to them; two quadrilateral wires, one ot magnetizable the other one ot' non-magnetizable material, and wound one adjacent to the otherl in the torni of flatethreaded screw turns` onto said drinn and rigidly secured to it7 and a single exciting coil common to said two magnet bodies.

20. In an electro-magnetic separator two magnet bodies; at least one ot said magnet bodies comprising two pole shoes, two sectorlike core pieces and a hub-like yoke piece; a single exciting coilcommon to said two magnet bodies and only partly surrounding the yoke pieces of the magnet bodies; a drum enclosing said magnet bodies androtatable relatively to them; said drum having a covering consisting oli' substantially circumierentially disposed strips of alternately magnetizable and non-magnet-izable material.

2l. In an electro-magnetic separator two magnet bodies; at least one oi said magnet bodies comprising two pole shoes, two sectorlike core pieces and a hub-like yoke piece; a single exciting coil common to said two magnet bodies and only partly surrounding the yoke pieces of the magnet bodies; a drum enclosing said magnet bodies and rotatable relatively to them; two quadrilateral wires,

strips oli' alternately niagnetizable` onto said drum in the form of {iat-threaded screw turns; the single turns of said wires soldered to each and to said drum, and turned up smooth on the outside.

22. Electro-magnetic separator comprising: two magnet bodies; a drum enclosing said magnet bodies and rotatable relatively to them; the outer surfaces ol the pole pieces ol said magnet bodies lying substantially in a cylindrical surface coaXially to said drum, and having edges :itending obliquely to the generatrix ot said cylindrical surface; said drum comprising strips ot magnetizable and non-magnetizable material disposed alternately adjacent each other in the axial direction; and a single exciting coil common to said two magnet bodies.

2?).Electro-1iiagnetic separator comprising: two pole bodies each having pole pieces; aV drum enclosing said pole bodies and rotatable relatively to them; said drum having a covering consisting of strips of magnetizable and non-magnetiaable material, alternately disposed adjacent to each other on said drum and extending substantially in the torni of flat-threaded screw turns around said drum; the operative edges ot said pole pieces crossing said strips in acute angles; and a single exciting coil common to said two magnet bodies.

In testimony whereof` I allix my signature 1n presence oi' two witnesses.

J ULIUS BING.

TWitnesses RUDOLPH FRIELLE, IVLLLY S'rinn.

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