US1541239A - Internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

June Q, H925 1,54192239 J. A. H. BARKELJ INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE :Sis

' Inventor; efean, Jar/cei;

Patented June 9, 1925.

JEAN A. TT. BABKEIJ, or

Application STATES 1,541,239 PATENT orricis.

LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

To (1N whom 'it may concern Be it known that l, JEAN A.

a subject ot Holland.

H. BARiiniJ, residing at Los Angeles, in the county ot Los Angeles and State ot California, hare invented a new and useful Internal-Co nibustion Engine, ot

which a speciticationv is set t'orth below.

In this spccil'ication,

and the accompanying drawing, l shall describe and show a preferred forniv ot' my citically mention certa portant objects. l do the forms disclosed, si

and adaptations may be troni the out departing invention, and spein ot' its more imnot liinit myself to nce various changes made therein withessence ol my iiivention as hereinafter claiinedgland objects and advantages, other than thosel specitlcallyY mentioned, are included within its scope.

My `invention relates tion engines ot' the four its principal objects ai to internal combuscycle type. Among 'e, to accomplish the,

introduction of full charges of the explosive mixture when the engine is running at very high speeds;

ciprocating masses so second, to measure the inertia forces exerted hy the rehalance in a large as to eective'ly reduce vibration and permit ot' high operating and, third, to

speeds relatively sults in a adapted tor secure the above resnnple construction delivering a large amount of power in proportion to its dimensions and weight.

My objects are attained in the manner illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in

which- Figure 1 is a central cross section of a complete engine ot my improved construe.

tion, in elevation;

YFigure 2 is an elevational cross section of the upper portion of one of the cylinders ot this engine, taken on the line 22 of Fig. 1 j.

and

Figure 3 is a the engine in plan,

ot' Figs. 1 and 2.

cross section of a portion ot taken on the line 3-3 Similar reference numerals refer to s'iinilar parts throughout the several views.

The tirst of my stated objects is secured by pre-compressing the explosive mixture so that it is admitted tothe cylinders under a pressure sutli'cient to insure charge will be taken speed of which the engine is capable.

that a Yfull in at any operating The second object is accomplished by connecting the coinpicssion mean s to cranks diametfiied January i5, i924. seriaiyno. 686,320.

i'ically opposed to the so that the respective reciprocating masses always move in opposite directions. By properly propoitioning these masses with respect to their travel it is possible to balance their inertia eli'ects quite closely.

'lhe embodiment ot' my invention selected l'or illustrative purposes comprises a typical ari'aiigeiiiciit having two power cylinders 4 and o. Two cylinders, or multiples of two arranged as cti-operating pairs, are always required. lVitliin the power cylinders are pistons (3 of ordinary forni, operatively con.- neeted to crank shaft T by connecting rods S. lt is lo he noted that the cranks to which these rods' arer connected are in the saine angular position relative to the crank shaft instead of being opposed according to the customary practice in two cylinder arrangements.

Power pistons instead of heilig opposed by tixed cylinder heads, re-act against opposed pistons 9 adapted to reciprocate in the upper portion ot their respective cylinders. Jl`hese reaction pistons are enlarged at theV top and in elt'ec't constitute a part otl the large compression pistons 10, adapted to reciprocate in the large compression cylinders 11, which are co-axial with the power cylinders below them. Cylinder heads 12 are provided with central cupped portions 13 adaptedto enter the trunks of pistons 9 and thus reduce the compression space to the desired amount. They do not, however, tit the trunks very closely so that an annular space 14 always establishes communication between the interiors of the trunks and cylinders 11.

Compression pistons 10 in each case are operatively connected to the crank shaft of the engine by means of. a diainetrcally arranged pair ot connecting rods 15 pivoted to the skirts of these pistons as at 16. The cranks to which these connecting rods are attached are all in the same angular position relative to the crank shaft, and diametrically opposite to the main power cranks to which connecting rods 8 are attached. The throw of the compression cranks is smaller than the throw of the power cranks and as nearly as possible in inverse proportion to the square root of the masses of their attached reciprocating parts. The vibration producing tendencies ot the reciprocating masses is largely counterbalanced in this main power cranks,l

- 25 pistons 1() a vacuum manner, and much higher engine speeds than would ordinarily be permissible are thus obtainable.

The combustion and expansion of the explosive mixture takes place in the spaces 17 between pistons 6 and 9, and cach of these mutually reactingr pistons delivers power to the crank shaft of the engine proportionate to their travel. The compressed nnxture is l 10 admitted into spaces 17 at the proper times through automatic valves 18 and 1i) in pistons 9 in a manner that will be explained presently. The mixture is fired by spark plugs 20, and the burned gases are exhausted through mechanically operated valves 21 and ports 22. Intake of explosive mixture into the compression cylinders is accomplished through ports 23 which are opened and closed by the movement of the compression pistons 10. A port 24 establishes communication between the two compression cylinders. My engine operates in the following@r manff ner: Upon the downstrolm of compression is created in their Cylinders and explosive.mixture is drawn in through ports Q3 as soon as these are uncovered by the pistons. The operatin;r parts are then in the positions shown in the drawings. The succeeding upward stroke of pistons 1'() first closes ports` Q25 and then comresses the explosive mixture above them. iuring this same period power pistons G have moved downward. This movement vhas created a partial vacuum in space 17 in one case, say in cylinder 4, and this vacuum, aided by the pressure in the two intercommunicating compression cylinders, causes valve 18 to open and admit the compressed 4" mixture into space 17 of the left hand power cylinder. In the case otl the other power cylinder 5, the downstroke of the power piston has resulted from the explosion and expension of the combustible mixture therein ample pressure in its space 17 to prevent automatic valve 19 from opening.

The next half revolution of the crank shaft is accompanied by a downward movement of the .compression pistons and an upward movement of the power pistons. At the ends of these strokes fresh mixture is drawn into the compression cylinders, and the mixture previously introduced in space 17 of the left hand power cylinder has been highly compressed and is ready to beiired. During the following half revolution of the crank shaft the gas in space 17 of the left hand power cylinderl is exploded and expanded and power is delivered to the crank shaft of the engine 5y the pressure exerted on opposed pistons 6 and 9 of the left hand cylinder. New mixture is also compressed at this time above pistons 10. The next half 05 revolution of the crank shaft is accompanied and, throughout the stroke, there has been by the exhaust of the burned gases in cylinder 4 and taking in a fresh supply of new mixture in the compression cylinders.

The double revolution of the crank shaft, with'the corresponding,r functions of its co'- operatingr parts just described, completes a cycle of operations in cylinder 4. and the performance. is then repeated indefinitely. Obviously the same series of operations takes places in the right hand jlinder ot' the engine, but the cycles of'the right hand and left hand cylinders are displaced 3G() degrees with respect to each other. One power cylinder is thus engaged in compression as the other exhausts, and fires as the other completes its exhaust stroke.

It will be noted that the power cylinders 4 and 5 operate on a four stroke cycle and that the compression cylinders above them operate on a two stroke cycle. Both the compression cylinders deliver compressed gas to one power cylinder at a time, alternately, by means of the intcrcommunicatingf port 24.

I desire to call attention to the fact that the arrangement of parts as herein shown and fdcscrlbed permits ot having a water jacket .25 completely surrounding the power c vlinders throughout the whole of their operative length. These cylinders may be cast integral with casing 2G ot' the engine and be supported therefrom by means ot' webs 27.

It is also to be noted that, although power is consumed in pre-compressing the explosive mixture in my engine, there may be an excess of power for this purpose sup-v plied during half of each revolution of the crank shaft beneath one of the two compression pistons. For this reason the net result of the operation of the compression pistons may be to deliver more power to the crank shaft than they take therefrom.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim:

1. An internal combustion engine comprising; an adjacent pair of cylinders with power pistons therein, and directly intercommunicating counterbores; a pair of differential pistons opposed the power pistons adapted for compressingr explosive mixture in said counterbores; and means for introducinpr and firing the thus compressed explosive mixturebetween said power and compression pistons; said power pistons being adapted forA reciprocating in the same-direction. and oppositely the compression pistons.

2. An internal combustion engine comprising; an adjacent pair of c vlindersl with, power pistons therein` and directly intereommunicating counterbores; a pair of dif-i ferential pistons opposed the power pistons adapted for compressingr explosive mixture in said counterbores; and automatic valves in said differential pistons whereby the thus compressed explosive mixture may be introduced between them and the power pistons; the' pistons of each class being adapted for reciprocating in the same direction oppositely the other class.

3. An internal combustion engine comprising; an adjacent pair ot cylinders with power pistons'therein, and directly intercommunicating counter-bores; a pair of differential pistons opposed the power pistons adapted for compressing explosive mixture in said counterbores; and automatic valves in said differential pistons whereby the thus compressed explosive mixture may be introduced between them and the power pistons; the pistons of each class being adapted for reciprocating in the same direction oppositely the other class, and all said pistons being operatively connected to a common crank shaft with their relative throws substantially in inverse proportion to the square roots of their respective reciprocating masses.

4. An internal combustion engine coniprising; a pair of cylinders with power pistons adapted for four-cycle operation therein, and inter-communicating counterbores; a pair of differential pistons opposed the power pistons adapted for two-cycle compression of explosive mixture in said counterbores; and automatic valves in said differential pistons whereby the explosive mixture may be introduced bethus compressed y tween them and the power pistons; the pistons of each'class being adapted for reciprocating in the same direction oppositely the other class.

'5. An internal combustion engine comprising; a pair of cylinders with power pistons adapted for four-cycle operation therein, and inter-communicating counterbores; a pair of differential pistons opposed the power pistons adapted .for two-cycle compression of explosive mixture in said counterbores; and automatie'i-'alves iu said differential pistons whereby the, thus compressed explosive mixture may be introduced between them and the power pistons; the pistons of each class being adapted for reciprocating in the same direction oppositely the other class, and all ot said pistons being operatively connected to a common crank shaft.

6'. An internal combustion engine comprising; a compression chamber having piston means therein for two-cycle compression o explosive mixture; a pair of power cylinders with pistons therein, adapted for four-cycle operation; and automatic means for introducing and firing thuscompressed explosive mixture in said power cylinders alternai-ely; said compression piston means being adapted for direct actuation by the exploded charges in said power cylinders.

JEAN A. H. BARKEIJ.

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