US1536764A - Signaling system - Google Patents

Signaling system Download PDF

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Publication number
US1536764A
US1536764A US347773A US34777319A US1536764A US 1536764 A US1536764 A US 1536764A US 347773 A US347773 A US 347773A US 34777319 A US34777319 A US 34777319A US 1536764 A US1536764 A US 1536764A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
potential
line
signaling
source
cable
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US347773A
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English (en)
Inventor
Oliver E Buckley
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
Western Electric Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Western Electric Co Inc filed Critical Western Electric Co Inc
Priority to US347773A priority Critical patent/US1536764A/en
Priority to GB21683/22A priority patent/GB205928A/en
Priority to NL22681A priority patent/NL15113C/xx
Priority to DEB106046D priority patent/DE475176C/de
Priority to FR557365D priority patent/FR557365A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US1536764A publication Critical patent/US1536764A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/20—Repeater circuits; Relay circuits
    • H04L25/24—Relay circuits using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03—Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03006—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference
    • H04L25/03012—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain
    • H04L25/03114—Arrangements for removing intersymbol interference operating in the time domain non-adaptive, i.e. not adjustable, manually adjustable, or adjustable only during the reception of special signals

Definitions

  • This invention relates to telegraph systems and more particularly to submarine cable telegraph systems. Its principal object is the provision ofa relay arrangement which will introduce in the transmission of signals none of the difliculties commonly introduced by pole changing transmitting relays when operated at high speeds.
  • This invention provides a sending relay for telegraph systems which, so far as the transmitting apparatus itself is concerned, imposes no limitations on the speed at which For ordinary slow' speed signaling the well known electromagnetic tube 6, said chattering of the relaytelegraphic or other signaling impulses may be transmitted.
  • the invention makes use of a three electrode electric discharge device such as the well known audion or thermionic relay operating by pure electron discharge or similar. three element tubes operating with; ionized gas, the potential of the grid or control element of the device being regulated by a transmitting key.
  • FIG. 1 shows a simplified arrangement for using a vacuum tube device as a relay in the transmission of direct current telegraphic signals.
  • F igure 2 is a modification of Fig. 1 arranged for grounding the line between impulses.
  • Fig. 3 is a modification of Fig. 2' in which space current normally flows through the tube.
  • Fig. 4 shows an alternative arrangement to that shown in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 shows an alternative arrangement for transmitting signals of positive and negative impulses such as are commonly used in cable telegra phy, while Fig. 6 shows a more symmetrical circuit arrangement using two electric .discharge devices or vacuum tubes for the transmitting of signals of positive and negative polarity.
  • a line conductor 4 having the distant end thereof grounded through a. suitable receiving apparatus (not shown) and the other and con: nected with the output circuit of the vacuum, output circuit comprising the heated cathode 5, the anode'or plate electrode 8 and the grounded battery 9.
  • a leakage path between the plate electrode 8 and the grid electrode 7 is established through the resistance 10 having one terminal thereof connected with the plate electrode 8, the otherterminal being connected with the grid electrode 7
  • the grid electrode '8' a source of potential 12, the positive terminal of which is connected with the heated filament 5.
  • this source of potential changes the polarity of the charge on this electrode with respect to the heated filament .5 and reduces the space current to zero.
  • the source of potential 12 is removed from the grid electrode the potential oi that electrode is made positive by the battery 9 acting through the resistance 10, thereby reducing the internal resistance of the tube to the flow of current and permitting current to flow through the tube to the line 4.
  • a key 11 which is for the purpose of controlling the application of this source to-the grid electrode and in consequence the current in the output circuit of the tube 6.
  • the impulses composing the various signals as impressed on the line are therefore controlled by the key 11.
  • the key 11 would be depressed for disconnecting the source of potential 12.
  • Fig. 2 The modification shown in Fig. 2 is substantially the same-aas that of Fig. 1 with the exception that the line is grounded through the resistance element 13. This ground is for the purpose of forming a path for discharging the line between signal impulses.
  • the tube is normally inoperative and no current flows to the line, but upon the depression of the key 11 the source of potential 12 is disconnected from the grid electrode 7 and a potential is applied to the line through the resistance 13.
  • This resistance thereby, serves to control the intensity of the impulses applied to the line and also serves to drain the charge from the line between signal impulses.
  • Fig. 3 there is shown another embodiment of the invention in which case the source of potential 9 is normally disconnected from the grid electrode 7.
  • the source of potential 12 is permanently connected with the grid electrode 7 through the resistance 14, this electrode will thus be so charged with respect to the heated filament 5 that space current cannot flow between the electrodes, and the line 15 is normally discharged through the resistance 13.
  • the key 11 upon being depressed connects with the grid-electrode 7 a source of potential 9 through the resistance 16, and if the resistances 14 and 16 are properly adjusted with reference to the sources of potential 12 and 9 respectively the potential of the grid electrode 7 will thereby be established at such a value asto permit the desired signaling current to be applied to the line. In this wayimpulses ofdifierent duration may be impressed on the line 15 to represent dots and dashes.
  • the key 11 controls the application ofboth of the sources of potential 9 and 12 respectively to the grid electrode 7.
  • the source of potential 12 is normally connected with the grid electrode 7 through the key 11, and thus charges this electrode negatively with respect to the heated filament 5 and no space current will flow between the filament 5 and plate 8.
  • the source of poten tial 12 is disconnected from the grid electrode and the source 9 connected thereto.
  • the connection of this source of potential with the grid electrode changes the charge thereon from negative to positive with respect to the heated filament 5 and permits space current to flow through the tube to apply to the line a definite potential.
  • the signaling is effected by means of the key 11 and if it is desired to send impulses of various characters the key 11 will be actuated for applyingcurrent to the line in accordance with the character to be transmitted.
  • the line is, however, grounded between the signal impulses through the resistance 19 which provides a discharge path for the current in the conductor 17 at the instant the key 11.is released.
  • Fig. 5 there is shown an embodiment whereby such signals may be transmitted over a signaling conductor.
  • a portion of the cable 18 having a conductor 22 connected to the vacuum tube 6 and the resistance 13 through the condenser 23.
  • the condenser 23 is the common'sending condenser well known to those skilled in the art. Its purpose is to reduce the distortion. of the signal impulses received at the distant end.
  • the resistance 24 is equipped with three movable contact points 25, 26 and 27.
  • the batteries 9 and 12 are connected with the grid electrode 7 through portions of the resistance 24 allowing current to flow through the resistance QAtherebyestablishing a potential gradient along that resistance.
  • the point 26 is so adjust-ed that a definite space current will flow through-the vacuum tube, thereby establishing a normal potential difference between the terminals of the resistance 13.
  • the tongue or contact maker 28, which may form a part of an automatic transmitting apparatus, ' is adapted to be moved either to the left or right for the purpose of including with or excluding from the grid electrode a portion of the resistance 2%.
  • Contact makers of automatic transmitters do not have the tendencyto chatter which is present in the ordinary transmitting polecontact member 25.
  • the sending of impulses of negative polarity is accomplished in the same manner except that the tongue 28 is moved to the left for engaging the contact member 27.
  • positive and negative impulses can be made to possess the same amount of energy by properly adjusting the contact members 25 and 27 on the resistance 24.
  • a vacuum tube is not only adapted for use in the transmission of dots and dashes,. but may also be employed for the purpose-0f transmitting characters composed of positive and negative impulses.
  • a symmetricalcircuit arrangement comprising two-electric discharge devices or vacuum tubes of the audion type. such as 29 and 30. These devices as before are provided with the usual electrodes designated by the numerals 5, 7 and 8.
  • the grid electrodes 7 of these tubes are connected with the battery 31 through thehigh resistance units 32 and 33 respectively, and are each thereby given a negative charge sufiicient to reduce th space current to zero.
  • the positive pole of battery 38 is connected by way of resistance 37 .to the grid 7 of the vacuum tube 29.
  • the potentials of-the batteries 31 and 38 and the values of resistances 32 and 37 are'so chosen that under this condition the potential of the grid 7 with reference to the filament 5 will be made positive, that is the positive potential applied by the battery 38 more than overcomes the negative potential applied from the battery 31 and permits cur-.
  • the grid electrode 7 of the vacuum tube 30 is made positive with res I ct to its filament 5 and current flows t rough the resistance 40 in the output circuit of the vacuum tube 30 in the direction of the arrow.
  • This flow of current in the resistance 40 gives the line conductor '42 a negative potential with respect to ground and consequently a negative impulse flows to the conductor.
  • the line conductor 42 is grounded through the resistances 41 and 40 so that any accumulated charges on the cable conductor can be drained off to ground.
  • the resistances 32 and 33 be fairly high so that the circuit from battery 38 through key 34, contact 35, resistance 37, resistance 32, battery 31, filament 5 back to battery 38, or'the corresponding circuit through the resistances 39 and 33, will have a minimum' shunting efl'ect on the current flowing through the output circuit of the vacuum tube 29 or the vacuum tube 30 as the case may be. It is thus seenthat the arrangement in Fig. 6 is well adapted to send symmetrical positive and negative impulses at high speed over a cable conductor.
  • Terminal signaling apparatus for a cable or line for impressing upon said cable or line at any instant potential of one of at least two operating values whereby signaling impulses of either polarity and in any desired sequence may be transmitted, said apparatus comprising the combination with a local source of direct signaling potential, of high impedance space discharge means in circuit with said source, control means for said space discharge means, circuit making and breakin means in circuit with said control means or directly associating said signaling potential with said control means, and means including said circuit making and breaking means for impressing at any instant upon said control means potential of one of at least two o crating values.
  • Terminal signaling apparatus for a cable or line for impressing upon said cable or line at any instant potential of one of at least two operating values whereby signaling impulses of either polarity and in any desired sequence may be transmitted,
  • said apparatus comprising the combination .space discharge means, circuit making and &
  • breaking means in circuit with said control means having two fixed contacts, and means including said circuit making and breaking means for impressing at any instant upon said control means potential of one of at least two operating values, the said two last-mentioned values of operating potential being applied when the circuit is completed through said fixed'co'ntacts respectively.
  • Terminal signaling apparatus for .a cable or line for impressing upon said cable or line at any instant one of three operating potential values whereby signaling impulses of either polarity and in any desired sequence may be transmitted, said apparatus comprising a local source of direct potential, high impedance space discharge means in circuit with said source, control means for said discharge means, circuit making and breaking means in circuit with said control means, and means associated directly with said circuit makingand breaking means, and including a second local source of potential for impressing upon said control means at any instant one of three operating potential values.
  • Terminal apparatus for a cable or line having large distributed electrostatic capacity for impressing upon said cable or line at any instant one of at least two operating potential values whereby signaling waves of either polarity and in any desired sequence may be transmitted, said apparatus comprising a local. source of direct potential, a high impedance space discharge means in circuit with said source, a control means for said discharge means, circuit making and breaking means in circuit with said control means, and means associated with said circuit making andbreaking means, and including a second local source of potential, for impressing upon said control means at any instant one of at least two operating potential values.
  • a space discharge relay at the transmitter in place of said ordinary pole changing relay, said space discharge relay comprising an anode, a cathode and a control element, a local source of signaling potential controlled by said space discharge relay, means for associating said source with said cable having negligible reactance at signaling frequencies, and a signaling key at the transmitter associated with said control element and having at least two operating positions whereby substantially rectangular signaling impulses are impressed upon said cable.
  • a circuit for direct current signaling impulses comprising a line or cable, a transmitting battery associated therewith, a high impedance space discharge device through the output circuit of which current from said battery may flow, a controlling element for controlling the amount of current flow through the output circuit of said discharge space, and a signal key or circuit making and breaking device substantially free from contact chatter conductively in circuit with said controlling means for impressing the battery potential upon the control element and transmitting signaling impulses from the output circuit of the space discharge device to the line without substantial change in frequency.
  • Terminal signaling apparatus for a cable or line for impressing thereupon at t any instant potential of one of at least'two operating values, whereby signaling impulses of either polarity and in any desired means potential of one of at least two operating values and u on the other of said control means potentlal of another of said last-mentioned operating values.
  • a signaling system comprising a line, a pair of space discharge relays associated with said llne, means adapted when operatedin one manner to render one of said relays operative for transmitting direct current telegraph signals of a certain character over said line and when operated in a different manner to render the other of said relays operative for transmitting over said line direct current telegraph signals of "a different character.
  • Asignaling system comprising aline, a first and a second space discharge tube for applying potentials of different polaritles to said line, and means for rendering one or the other of said space discharge tubes operative for transmitting direct current telegraph signals over said line.
  • a signalin system comprising a line, a pair of space discharge tubes each having a control electrode, a sourceof signaling potential, and means operative for conductively connecting said source of potential with the control electrode of one or the rther of said tubes for rendering such tube operative for transmitting direct current telegrziph signals over said line.
  • signaling system comprising a line, two repeaters of the audion type, a source of signaling potential, a transmitting key operative for associating said source of potential with either of said repeaters for ren dering said associated repeater operative for transmitting direct current nals over said line.
  • a symmetrical circuit arrangement comprising a pair of repeaters of the audion type, a source of signaling potential, and means for're'ndering one or the other of said res peaters operative for transmitting over said line direct current impulses of equal intensity and Wave form.
  • a line conductor a pair of repeaters of the audion type, a source of signaling potential, means for associating said source of potential with either of said repeaters for rendering said repeaters operative for the transmission of signals over said line,.consisting of ,both positive and negative direct current impulses of equal'intensity and wave form.
  • a signaling system comprising a line, twosimilar electric discharge devices, eacl1 containing control electrodes, and oppositely associated-with said line, and means whereby directcurrent telegraph signals applied to the control electrodes renders one of said devices operative for transmitting signals of one sign to the line, and the other responsive to the transmitting signals of the opposite sign.
  • a signaling system comprising an electrically long signaling. conductor, a first and a second vacuum tube conductively connected to said line for applying potentials of different polarities thereto, and a key effective in two positions for rendering one or the other of said tubes operative for transmitting direct current telegraph signals over said line.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)
  • Tests Of Electric Status Of Batteries (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
US347773A 1919-12-27 1919-12-27 Signaling system Expired - Lifetime US1536764A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US347773A US1536764A (en) 1919-12-27 1919-12-27 Signaling system
GB21683/22A GB205928A (en) 1919-12-27 1922-08-09 Improvements in submarine cable telegraph systems
NL22681A NL15113C (fr) 1919-12-27 1922-08-12
DEB106046D DE475176C (de) 1919-12-27 1922-08-13 Anordnung zum Telegraphieren ueber Unterseekabel
FR557365D FR557365A (fr) 1919-12-27 1922-10-12 Perfectionnements dans les systèmes télégraphiques par câbles sous-marins

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US347773A US1536764A (en) 1919-12-27 1919-12-27 Signaling system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US1536764A true US1536764A (en) 1925-05-05

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US347773A Expired - Lifetime US1536764A (en) 1919-12-27 1919-12-27 Signaling system

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US1536764A (fr)
DE (1) DE475176C (fr)
FR (1) FR557365A (fr)
GB (1) GB205928A (fr)
NL (1) NL15113C (fr)

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE475176C (de) 1929-04-23
FR557365A (fr) 1923-08-08
NL15113C (fr) 1926-10-15
GB205928A (en) 1923-11-01

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