US1530075A - Apparatus for burning liquid fuel - Google Patents

Description

W. E. EVVING APPARATUS FOR BURNING LIQUID FUEL Filed sepa?, 1923 3 sheeis-Shee 2 N y l Patented Mar. 12.1925. i

UNI-'rse `Sfrn'rss-` PATsi'vrr." joFFicE.

WILLIAM n. lawine, or PEoeIA, ILLIrIoIsl `API* electrics Fon BURNING LIQUID FUEL.

- Applicatie@ ma setember fr, 192s. seran No. 651,374.

"reference inarked thereon, which forni a part of this sl'iecification'.

The apparatus disclosed herein is of the general type disclosed in iny'copending ap plicationfor; U: Letters Patent, tiledA Mai-ch e, 1922, stri-n No'. stoner).

This invent-ion relatesto an improved liquid fuel house heatingr burner adapted for use in connection with hot air-furnaces, boilers and commercial furnaces, and constructediwith a minimum of fuel valves and adapted to 4viv-'e Va continuous fire, the-Vol'- urne offvvhich is variableat the \villof an operator,without retluiriiigthe operator to know themechanical `nature of the-apparatus.

It is an object of this invention to provide a liquid fuel burner constructed to avoid heating,r of the fuel alonebe't'ore it reaches the fuel nozzle, thereby eliminating dist'il 4lation of the fuel.

It is also an object of:v the. invention to' 4`provide a liquid fuel burner adapted to'us'e forced draft and low: pressure fuel feed'thus allowing for exact proportioning ofv fuel and air under all conditions offvveather, resulting in the complete combustion of the" fuel and the elimination ofnvaste.

Another object of the invention is the?y fuel burner which is practically noiseless and comparatively odorless both as to dripping oil and as'to` eon'ibustion fumesf l It is furthermore an object of this invention 'to provide an `improved 'liquid fuel household burner of simple and inexpensivev construction adapted to be readilyr installed for use 4in connection with any furnace'and using' the method of induetiug; fuel into an air 'stream b v passing .the air sticani through a Ventnri'tubi-` thereby lovverinrer the pres-` surebelow latmosplwrc. and drawing in rfuel vvhlchl is under atmospheric pressure, or' slightly higher. I

, Other and It an important object of this invention `to provide a liquid fuelv burner vwherein a are 'vapf-irized before passing into the burner grating. f

furtherl important objects of this invention will bel :tpparentfroin the disclosures in the specification and accompany-- ing drawings.

This invention (in a' preferred forni) is illustrated lin the drawings and hereinafter more fully described."

'On'- the dravvingsz- Y l AFigure l `is a top plan vien7 of a liquid fuel burner embodying the principles of this invention. i

Figure 2 is a side elevation thereof.

F injure- 3 iS an enlarged vertical detail section taken on line V3---3 of Figure l.

` F igurc 4 is an enlarged detail section `taken online 4-4 of Figure .1.4

Figure 5 is an enlarg'edf fragmentary detail sectiontalten on lineof Figure l; Figure (S-isa plan viewof a modified type of liquid fuel burner for hotairand coinrnercial f furnaces vvhe're automatic control is not needed, this one being manually. controlled. i

Figure 'i is a vertical sectional view taken on line 7 -7 of Figure G.

As'shoivn'on thevr drawingm; The dotted line 1 of Figures l and Q indi- Cates the front vvall ofa `furnace having a fire box door.

The liquid fuel burner of this invention i's'adapted for use in connection with a household or'commercial furnace and isadaptc'd'tibe inounted on the esten riorat the 'front 'ofthe furnace with the Aburner grating"`projectingv through the furnace fire -box door 'into the-,lire box or through the ashpit door.'

The `improved' burner mechanism of this "invention comprises a main electric motor 2 connected to drive a main blower 3 which. is adapted to blow air into one end of an air duct or pipe 4. A control valve 5 is mounted on the blower 3 and adjustable by means' of `a lever or valve stein ti. It Venturi tube? is forrnedin the duct 4. fr liquid fuel nozzle 8 has the upper end there of projectinginto the Venturi tube. 7 and. is controlled by a needle Valve 9. The nonn 4zie Sis connected to a three-way connector 10, lo which one en'd of a liquid fuel supply pipe or tube 11 isl connected leading fromv a y Vfuel tank 12. Liquid fuel flows lay-gravity' iii from thetank 12 through the tube 11 into the connector 10 ,wh/ichisv` provided with a eut-off'ztalve'flr/ftonnected to the tank 12 is a Afuel supply'pipeV 14 and an excess fuelretn'rnpipe 15. The 'return pipe 15 serves tofinaintziinthe fuel oil in the tank 12 .at a predetermined level represented by the dot .ted line/16 (Figure 4) the level of which is slightly below the. horizontal level ofthe outlet end of the nozzle 8. An air pressure tube 17 has one end thereof connected to thev top of the oil tank 12 for the'purpose `of 'giving slightly more thanatmospheric pres-l sure on the fuel to give a better spray through the nozzle.

The' second end Vofthe air duct 4 projects through a casing or housing 18 and is connected to a main or large vaporizer casing' 33. A. primary o1" smaller Vaporizer casing i 19 of cylindrical shape closed at the top` j and the bottom is mounted within the housing 18 below the vaporizer casing 33. Projecting into the b'ottom of the rimary vaporizer 19, is a pi e stem 20 o a `primary grate 21 ofiannu ar shapeV having'burner openings 22therein -Th'c primary grate 21 draws-fuel from thefvaporizer 19 and when burning serves to *'lieat the primary vaporizer afterwhich the heat passesV through the housingvlS into the furnace by Way of a largeflue or pipe'23L' The flue 2 3 is connected to theto'p of the housing 18 and pio- Vjects into the furnace through the lire box lor ash pit door. The inner end of the flue' 23 is o en .at 24 (Figure 3).

As s own in Figure-3,'a preheat'er is provided witliin the lower portion of the housing 18 and lconsists of a grate or. gas burner 25 having a' as supply pipe 26 connected therewith.' T 'e housing 18 is provided with an opening 27 to permit lighting ofthe reheater burner 25 andthe grate 21.y on'- x nected to the top of the primary vaporizer 19 is a pipe stem 28 ofan annular secondary. or auxiliary grate 29 having burner openings 30 in the top thereof adapted to permit fuel from the vaporizer 19to escape and be ignited.' An opening 31 is provided in the l housing 18 to permit lighting of the grate 29.

pinto the open end thereof where it is at-f tached to an elbow 35. The elbow 35 pro- 24 (Figure 3) 'andlias formedon the projecting end there..

Mounted in the housing 1S above the secondary grate 29 is a main vapoi'izer casing 33 of cylindrical shape. Connected to tlie top of the main vaporizer casing' 33 is a ipe 4 which projects through the' flue 23 jects through the flue opening Y. of a burner casing 36 having seated therein 'a burner plate'o'r grating 38 having a plu#v rality lof burnefropenings therein.; Above the burner grate 36,*and close to it, is :i

strike plate provided with a plurality-*of concentric slots 3T. The' object of this' plate 37vis'to reduce the velocityof the. fuelinixture to a point where itwill become ignited' and buin without blowing itselt' out, the flames issuing through the slots V37. burner 39, tittlng tightly in the centeiol the burner grate 3G, serves to` ignite' :the fuel mixture issuing therefrom. The pilot burner is supplied 4with fuel from the vaporizer 19 through a tube 40. j

As illustrated in Figure 1, a primary electric inotoi` 41 is provided to drive a primaryy blower 42 having a valve 45t-mounted thereon adapted to be .controlled by a 'lever or valve stem 44. Connected to the primary blower 42 to -receive air therefrom is a primary pipe or air duct 45 having `a Venturi- 'tube 4G therein. The A`air duct 45 projects into the housing 18 and is conneete'dito thc primary vaporizer 19'to supply the same with fuel. The air pressure tube 17 is connected to the air duet 45 between the. blower `42 and theVenturi tube'46. j V

Projecting into the Venturi tube 46 is the upper end: of aliquid `fuel nozzle 4T controlled bv 'a needle valve operable by theA valve stein1 148. 'llie nozzle 47. is connected to a three-ivfay connector 49 (Figure 2) having a eutott' valve 5 0 in the middle ai'in thereof. The ends of the nozzles S and 47 are on the same horizontal level.. Connected ,tto the middle arm of the connector 49 is oneyend of a fuel pipe 51, the other end of which projects into the fuel tank 12.

Figures 6 and 7 illustrate a. moditied form ofa liquid fuel burner of a multiple type for use in connection with .hot air und com-- nected with the tank 59 to maintain the` level of fuel in the tank at a predetermined height slightly below the levelof the nozzles. A pipe 62 connects the tank 59 with a 'valve controlled nozzle G3, the end of which project'sfinto the 'Venturi tube 5T. The nozzle is provided with a shut-oli' valve 64. j Connectedto'each of the seeondai blowers y54 is an air duct 65 ha ingir a. 7'enturi tube 66 and also provided with a valve 67 betweenI the respective blower 54 A. 'pilot control and the Venturi. tube 66. Each Venturi 'tube'v '6G-lis provided with a nozzle similar to the nozzle (and said nozzle'is connected with the fuel tank 59 by a pipe 68. Each nozzle is provided witha shutoffY valve.

'l` he duct 56 projects into a Acasing or lions? ing 69 having a flue 7U. which 1s 'ai'.hi'ptcil to project into the doorofa furnace, The duct .'36 is connected to 4a primary vaporizcr casing 7l Projcetingmto the'bottoni of the vaporizcr casing 71 is'aprpe stein of a-pri- Vmary grate 72 having a seriesl of buiner A. furnace by. Wayof vthe flue 70.

.A prebeater isprovided in the 'lower part of thehousing 69 and consists of an apertured grate. 73. having a gas supply pipe 7 4 connected therewith. 4

Connected to the vaporizer `71 is lan. auxiliary grate 75". A pipe 75. is connected to .the grate 75 and projects upwardly in the housing 69 andis closed at its upper end.

f Connected at intervalsi'inthe stand pipe A75 are. a plurality: ofv apertured horizontal branch .pipes 76, each o which is 'positioned .runder a secondary vvalfiorizer p casing 77 .mounted within the housing 69one above the other. /Each of these pipes 76l has a series .of burner openings, each pipe'76 serving asa burnerto heat thevaporizer ,abovc' The four pipes 78 pro'ect through the flue. 70 and into` the lire. oxqof the furnace.l

i sie.

. shortl whi 19 and all thev other metal parts', the pri i'i1ary' motor 41 is then started and acts to operate it. The ducts'65 project iiito the housing 69 and. are connected witlrthe respective vafporizers 77. Attached to the top of cuch vaporizer. 77 is one end ofl a burner pipe 78.

Each pi 78 has a burner lgrate 7 9 secured thereto. he burner gratas tioned in a horizontal plane within the furnace rebox n'parallel relation.

The operation is as follows:

.i The burnermechanlsms lare installed on 45 the exterior ofy the furnace 4with theburner igrate positioned within the fire box of the furnace.. To start the device thegas from the gas "main 26 is turned on and the preheatep lgrate is lighted with a match or taper through. the .housing opening 27. After the`\prehea'ter grate has burned for a l to heat the primari7 vaporizer he vrimary blower 42. The valve handle ias air valve 43 so that the blower 42 will force a .desired ,volume of air through the air.' duet andi-the Venturi tube 46. I "uel flows' by gravity. plus a very lo\ v air, pressurefrom the oil fuelltank v12 through the pipe 51 and into the nozzletube 47, the cut-off valve through the duct turi 4tube 46 at an increased thereby opened.. Air passing of course 'bein i5 passes through the Ven-` nozzle 8. 'passes into the Aheated mainvaporizer 25' vand `lsvaporized and passes 'upivardl-vv 79 are posieen adjusted vpreviously tov open thev `making a pressure Vdepression below atmosphere. which condition tends to draw liq- Iuid fuel Ufrom the end' of the nozzle 47.` The fuel drawn into the Venturi.

"the 'heated condition of the .vaporizeiu`v The vaporized fuel mixture from the Yvaporizer 19 flows into the'- primary"burnergrate 2l and leaving through the apertures-221s 1g nitedby the gas flames froni the pre-heater l25.A

The fuel "mixture from the-vaporizcr 1:9 also, floivs into the grate 29 and out through the 'al'ie'rtu'res Il() and through the pipe f4() ont of ih'cv'pilot burner 39.. The

grate729 'is lighted vwith `a` taper or torch through thc housing opening 3l.` rlibe pilot burner is lighted b v ataper or torch through the middleop'cning in'thcstrikc plaie 3T".

The prcheater 25is nowturned oil leaving the giatel burning. The.` auxiliary grate 29'is providedlo give suflcient heat' on the bottom ofthe main v'aporizer-fil to v ap'orize.

`any liquiilcollccted therein. The main viiporizer .33 is thusheated vand the n'iuin molor\ 2 is started. The main blower 31's thus operated tov force air-tl'iroug'h thev air duct 4 and then through the Venturi'tuhe7 4at au increased speed to draw liquid fuel f rom the 'Ihemixturecf airand fuel thus through thellue` 34k and outV through the burner grate l plate '38 at a velocity 'greater than the rate of` flame propagation. The fuel mixture escaping from theburner plate 3H isignited b v Ithe flame from the pilot 39. The flamesi'fromfthe 'burner grate 38 act as thclmain source of heat for the furnace and house. i

x'lo shutgo'i 'the main burner 38, the shu1- oft valve 13 is first closed and thenafter a short time, about one-half of a miuuteQthc main. blower 3 andthe main motor 2 are stopped. '[his'procediire is very important Since it" eliniinatcsfall back lire. B v this Vmethod thel'ucl mixture becomes so tliiu 'slowerlthairthe rate of flame propagatibn.

The main burner is stopped and*y starts autoniatlcally by a thermostatic control not'.

shown in drawings. On cold nights,V the grates 21 and 29 mayl beleft burning all night. y,Onmild nightsythegrates 2l and 29 maybe turned ot by closing the cut-off valve 50, and a moment later shutting oil the motor 41'.. When this is done; thepreheater ,"rnust be used to again start the device.

The-,housing 18 which encloses the vaporizers 19 and 33 acts as' a jacket and serves to 'retain the heat aroundbthe lvaporizers to poi-ization of the fuel mixture'entering the metal. Thee-liuc 23 serves the double purpose of carryingthe heat from the grates 21, 25 and 29 to the furnace and preheating the metallic parts 34, 35, 36 and 38 so that theffuel vapor will net condense onv a cold surface.

It will be noted that a cold mixture of air and fuel is delivered into the va orizers and is directed tangentially against t ie inner pcripheral walls of the vvaporizers in such a manner that the larger particles of fuel strike the heated walls ofthe vaporizers and l are rapidly vaporized before passing frein the vaporizers into the respective grates or burners.

The air pressure pipe 17 connecting the fuel tank withtlie airduct 45 serves to 'in' crease the air pressure in the tank 12 .above atmospheric pressure with the result that the fuel from the tank will flow through the nozzles with greater force to beinixed with.

the air passing through the Venturi tubes..

The operation of the multiple type of burner mechanisms illustrated in Figures 6 and -7 is' similar `to .that already described.

In this case, however, a plurality of sec-v ondary blowers are provided 'operable through individual control elutchesj from the motor 52. Eachfair duct .Gais-equipped."

with a separatecontreljvalve 67 and-a sepature to the separate secondary va orizers auxiliary grates 76 are so positioned that one will cause lighting of the other."

Itwill'be noted that this invention--pro- .bin-ner In said vlas' t-imentioncd burner grate,

vides aincthod of heating houses and-jthe' like b vusing inconnection with afu'rnacea liquid'fuel burner mechanism which IS'I- adapted to be installed on the exterior of the furnacev with the exception. of the burner gratos which are positioned in the tire box of the' furnace. The method referred. to

bricfiy consists inprehc'ating an enclosed vaporizer into which a cold tfuel mixture of air andoil is directed with force after passing through a Venturi tube orearbiireter through which air is forced byl a blower and into which oil from ay low pressure oil tank is drawn either. at atmospheric pressurefor slightly1 higher. The fuel mixture .1s directcd A into the heated vaporizer and is vaporized, passing into burner gratos which are ignited by the pi'elicater or by hand and" serves to continue to heat the vaporizer and also act -to heat one or more secondary vaporize'rs, each of which has' a furnace burner grate connected therewith and is in'- de'pendently supplied with a cold xnixture of air and oil-'which is to be heated and vaporized to'form a fuel mixture fornsein the..

furnace burner grates to cause the furnace purpose :limiting the .patent granted other wise than necessitated by the prior art.

I claim as iny invention:

1. A' liquid fuel'burner comprising a niotor, a blowerconnected to be driven thereby, a. valve controllingthe entrance of air int-o said blower,` an vair duct connected with the blower, a liquid fuel tank, a Venturi tube forined'in saidlair duet, a valveI controlled nozzle projectinginto'said Venturi tube, a

pipe coi'inecting saidv nozzle with said tank with a cut-oft1 valve'iusertcd in said pipe, an

air vprc'ssu'refpipc.Connecting said tank with said air duct, a housing, a iue foi-ined there, on,a'pr1i'i'iary vaporizer casing 1n said housj ing to which the air duct is connected, a prehcater in'said housing for initiallv heating vthc primary vaporizer, a plurality of burner gratesiconnccted with said vprimary va-poi'izcr'to receive a fuel inixture'therefrom, 'a 'secondary vaporizer casing in said liousing'adapted to be heated by one of said burner gratos, means .connected with said sol niixturethereto to he vaporized, aI pipe con-4 nccted to said secondarv vaporizerand pro- `iecting through said fine, a burner grate conneet'cdfto the' end of said pipe,' 'al pilot 2i liquid :fiiel'buriitg device comprising a housing having'v a thie, 'primary and secondary vaporizer lcasings in said housing, a main burner grate connected with the sec ondary i-aporizer casiiig`,a plurality of auxiliarly burner gratos connected with the primary 'vaporizery casing for heatinfr said vaporize casings, a preheatcr lin said housing for initially -heating the primary vaporizer casing, air ducts connected withsaid va- 'porzer casing, Venturi tubes foi-ined in said air'diicts, liquid fuel nozzles projecting into said Venturi tubes, means for'supplying a liquid fuel to. vsaid nozzles, andmechanisin connected with said air ducts for-forcingair through said'air ducts and Venturitubcs to cause the .air to be carburet'ed withl the liquid fuel from the nozzles to forina fuel mixture ladapted to -be vprojected into said vaporizer casings andvaporized.

3. A `liquid fuelburner device comprise, ing a' hoiising, pr" "ary and-main vaporizer 'iliary burner grates and in said main burner grate.

4. A liquid fuel burner device comprising a housing, vaporizers in said housings, burner grates in said housing connected with said vaporizers, a preheater in said housing for initially heating the vaporizers, air ducts projecting into the housing and connected with said vaporizors', Venturi tubes formed in said air ducts, means connected with the air ducts to force air therethrough and through the Venturi tubes, and means for feeding a liquid fuel into said Venturi tubes to carburete the air passing therethrough to form a fuel mixture adapted to be vaporizcd in said vaporizers to form av vaporized fuel mixture adapted for use in said burner grates.

5. A liquid fuel burner device `comprising a housing, vaporizers therein, burner grates connected with said vaporizers, a preheater in said housing for initially heating said vaporizers, air ducts connected-with said vaporizers, restricted tubes forming a part of said' air ducts, valve controlled means connected with the air ducts to force air Jtherethrough and through said restricted tubes, liquid fuel nozzles projecting into 22 said restricted tubes, valves in said nozzles,

and means connected with said nozzles for supplying liquid fuel thereto.

G. In a liquid fuel burner device, the combination with a housing, of a plurality of vaporizers therein, a preheater in said housing for initially heating one of said vaporizers, a burner grate connected to said vaporizer adapted to be lighted by the preheater, burner means connected to said vaporizer also adapted to be lighted by hand to cause heating of the remaining vaporizers, and mechanisms for supplying a cold mixture of air and .liquid fuel to the vaporizers to be` vaporized therein to form va orized fuel mixture.

. In a liquid fuel burner device,the combination with a housing, of primary andmain vaporizers therein, a preheater in said housing for initially heating the primary vaporizer, burner grates connected with the primary vaporizer, mainburner grates connected with said main vaporizers, restricted air ducts connected with said primary and main vaporizers, means for feeding a liquid fuel into said restricted air ducts, and means for forcing air 4through the restricted air ducts to be carbureted with the li uid fuel and then pass into the primary an secondary vaporizers to be heated and vaporized to form a heated vaporized fuel mixture for use inthe burner grates connected .with the vaporizers. v v

8. A liquid fuelburner device comprising a plurality'of vaporizers, burner grates t erefor, constricted air ducts connected with said vaporizers, liquid fuel nozzles projecting into said air ducts, fuel pressure means connected withsaid nozzles to supply liquid fuel thereto, valve controlled blowers connected with said air ducts, and means for o erating the blowers to cause the same to force air through the air ducts to be carbureted with the liquid fuel and then pass into the vaporizers to be vaporized to afford a fuel mixture for use in the burner grates. I

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses:

" WILLIAM B. EWING.

lVitnesses:

MARY BUTLER, WV. A. WHITMAN.

'a heated

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