US1610290A - Liquid-fuel burner and control means therefor - Google Patents

Description

Dec. 14-, 1926.

J. P. JONES ET AL LIQUID FUEL BURNER AND CONTROL MEANS THEREFOR Filed Sept.- 18, 1923 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 v 5 8 7 2 m M w .2 mam W u a J a a l Z m m w. .7 w e WM 1 Z I i |::|e i 5 f" u, 5 Mml 5 Z 5 .i/. */T 3 5 l l W 2 n .a M U E 5 w a x I 9 a 5 2 3 a l 1 r w .ru 1 E T 9 5 i T Ill C a w, J M 3 4. .III! e a 4 a 7 a w x a Dec. 14, 1926. 1,610,290

J. P. JONES ET AL' LIQUID FUEL BURNER AND 'CONTROL MEANS THEREFOR Filed Sept. 1a. 1925 :s $heets'-Sheei s 7-- 4/ I if 52 I a gwue'ntoc I I JRJones i 1 .37 5 GJVemZap/z Patented Dee. 14, 1926.

UNITED s'ra'rrszsv 1,610,290 PATENT OFFICE.-

aomv raUL'JonEs, or CINCI'NNATI, AND enouen NEMBACH, or s'r. BERNARD, OHIO.

LIQUID-FUEL BURNER-AND CONTROL MEANS 'rnnnnron.

Application filed September 18, 1923 Serial lTo..663,41 5.

cut off the*oil supply when'a predetermined temperature is reached. If for any reason the current ceases to, flow at the. time it is required, thefvalves will of course remain open. Therefore, it is one of the objects of the present invention to provide a control for liquid fuel burners which will operate automatically to regulate the flow of liquid fuel of carbon in the liquid fuel supply pipe.

.air thus effecting, of the burner, and, on the other hand, a heating of the air before its delivery 1nto the furnace. tion also contemplates a pre-heatingof the to the burner and which will require little attention for its'succ'essful operation.

Another object of the invention is to provide, in combination with a burner to which a both liquid and gaseous fuel are delivered,

' means for controlling both supplies, auto matically, and-without waste of fuel or the deposition of carbon in the burner or the conduit leading thereto.

Another object of the invention is to provide a control unit for a liquid fuel burner soconstructed and operating in such a manner that when the operation of the burner is interrupted, theliquid fuel remaining in .the liquid fuel supply pipe for the burner will be drawn back through the pipe for future use and thus prevent liquid fuel be; ing discharged into the firebox of the furnace in an unconsumed condition, and likewise preventing, as stated, the accumulation The invention has as a further object to provide a. novel onstruction of liquid fuel burner in which the liquid fuel will be atomized and discharged into thefire box of the furnace in a manner to effect complete combustion of the fuel, thus economizing in fuel and obtaining the best results.

Another objectof the invention is to so construct and so mount the burner that air to provide oxygen for supporting combustion will be supplied in the most effective manner.

Another object of the invention is to soarrange the parts ofthe burner that there will he an exchange of heat units between the hotter portion of the burner and the enter ng on one hand, a-cooling In this connection the invenliquid fuel at the time it is delivered to the burner.

In the accompanying drawings;

Figure 1 is a view in partlyin plan and artly in horizontal sect1on illustrating the urner. and control unit embodying the presnt invention installed in the fire box of.-a furnace of special design;

Fig. 2 is a view partly in vertical section and partly in elevation illustrating the control unit in detail; i

Fig. 3 is aside elevation of the control unit; j I

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view through the burner, installed.

' In the drawings, the furnace fire box is.

indicated in' general bythe numeral 1, the burner by'the numeral 2, and the control unit by the numeral 3. In order that the invention may be most effectually carried out, it is preferable that the burner and control he installed in connection with a furnace fire box of the ellipticalform shown The burner comprises a cylindrical casing which is indicated by the numeral'7 and which at one end is connected to the discharge 8 of a blower indicated in general the numeral 9. The blower may'be' of any of the standard types and in operation is intended to deliver a blast of air through the casing 7.. The opposite end of the cas:

ing 7 is mounted within one end wall 6-0f the fire box of the furnace, being preferably provided with an outstanding flange l0 seating against the inner surface of the said furnace wall. Arranged within the caslng 7 is a mixing chamber which is-indicatedthe numeral 11. The mixing chamber 11. comprises a hollow frusto-coni'cal body 12 preferably provided at its major end with an outstandin flange 13 abutting the flange 10 of the casing 7 and secured thereto in any appropriate manner whereby the said mixing chamber will be-supported 1n axially alinedrelation within and to the casing 7. At its said majorend, which end opens into the firebox of the furnace, the mixing chamber is left entirelyopen, but its minor or opposite end is closed, as indicated by the numeral 13 except that openings are formed through this closed end for the fit-- ting of certain pipes which will now be rethe pipe 14 and within the mixing chamber comprising the shell '12, and the said air nozzle comprises a hollow frusto-conical body 17 which is openat its forward or.

minor end and closed at its major endby an end Wall 18 which is formed centrally with an opening adapting. the nozzle to be fitted and secured upon the pipe 14, the discharge or minor end of the nozzle being located in rearwardl spaced relation to the discharge end of t e said pipe 14. The nozzle 16 is arranged in concentric relation to the pipe as illustrated in Fig. 4, of the drawings. The numeral 19 indicates air supply pipes which are fitted each at one end through the closed end wall 13 of the mixing .chamber and at its other end through the closed end wall'18 of the nozzle 16..

These pipes therefore establishcommunication between the interior of the casing 7 and the interior of the nozzle so'that when air is delivered under pressure to the casing 7, it-will pass through the pipes and into the nozzle and finally be dischar ed from the nozzle at the open forward en thereof. In order that a vortical movement may be given the air currents delivered from the pipes 19 into the nozzle 16, the pipes are arranged obliquely, with relation to the axis of the .pipe 14 and in a series around said pipe.

Consequently, the jets of air issuing from the pipes are delivered into the nozzle 16" at an angle and, striking the frusto-oonical wall of the nozzle, are given a swirling or vortical motion and are so delivered from the discharge end of the nozzle. In conse-. quence of the swirling motion given the air currents, the currents will swirl about and disintegrate or atomize the liquid fuel delivered from the pipe 14 so that the vapor ized fuel and the .air are thoroughly mixed by the time the two are discharged from tghe mixing chamber. 11 into the furnace fire It is evident that in order to insure perfect combustion of the fuel, it is necessary that an additional volume of air be supplied to the firebox of the furnace, and the pres ent invention contemplates delivering this additional volume of air into the fire box in sucha manner as to conserve fuel and insure of its most perfect combustion, and likewise prevent radiation of heat from the walls of the fire box with a consequent loss in efficiency. Air conducting pipes 20 are placed in communication at their rear ends with the 1 of the drawings. As previously stated, the burner 2 is mounted in one ofthe end wallsof the furnace fire box, and the fire box, in horizontal section, is of elliptical form. In consequence of this contour given the fire box walls and likewise in consequence of the angular disposition of the pipes20, the air currents issuing from the pipes will travel around the inner surfaces of the side walls.

of the fire box and will meet at the other end walls -6 thereof. Where the air currents meet they will be of course deflected and will then flow inwardly toward the center of thefire box and willmeettheblast of burn ing fuel delivered from the burner. By reason of this arrangement and because of the path taken by the air currents delivered from the pipe 20, the walls of the fire box are kept relatively cool,- and, as a first consideration, the burning fuel ,is supplied with oxygen in ample volume to support combustion and insure of complete combustion of fuel, precisely at the point where this result should be effected, namely at'the central portion of the fire box. At this point it will be evident that complete combustion of the fuelis insured and that the fuel is burned in the most economical and effective manner so.

that the greatest benefits will be obtained from the volume of fuel consumed. It will also be evident that there is little likelihood of the fire box walls requiringfrequent repairs because of burning out, as is the case in furnaces where the liquid fuel is consumed in such a manner that the flames impinge against the walls of the fire box. In

supply of air to the burner. is effected by an automatic control unit which will now be described.

The control unit above referred to is best illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3 of the drawings wherein the numeral 23 indicates a liquid fuel supply main which leads from any suitable source of supply (not shown). Interposed in this main is an electrically operated pump 24 of anyapproved type which'in its operation will malntain 'a flow of liquid The supply main 23' leads to the lower end is provided with abranch 37 which is. placed in communication with the fuel cyl1n-' of a fuel cylinder indicated by the numeral 28, and mounted for vertical reciprocation in this cylinder is a piston comprising a head 29 and a stem'30, the stem beingled through a stufliug box 31.upon the upper head of the cylinder .As stated, the main 23 opens into 7 vthe lower end of the cylinder, so that when the pump 24 is in operation, liquid fuel will be forced under pressure into the cylinder and the pressure exerted against the piston will effect an elevation of the piston, nor mally to substantially thedotted line .position shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings. The

numeral 32 indicates-a return fuel pipe which leads from the supply main 23 at a point between the pump 24 and the fuel cylinder 28, and interposed in this pipe is a choke or pressure valve indicated by thenumeral 33. The purpose of the pipe 32 isto conduct back to the source/ of supply any surplus fuel, under conditions whe're more than the required amount is being delivered by the pump 24 to the fuel cylinder 28. The oilsupply pipe 14 isconnected at its intake end to the casing of a cut-off valve 34, and a pipe 35 is led from this valve down- 'wardly beside the fuel cylinder 28 and communicates 'at its lower end with the casing of a needle valve indicated by the-numeral 36, the casing of the valve having its intake connected with the said cylinder 28 substantially at the lower end thereof. The pipe der 28 near the upper end of the said cylinder, and if desired a cut off valve 38 may be interposed in the pipe 35 above the said branch 37. A small branch pipe 39 leads from the upper end of the pipe 35 and'has a downward branch 40 opening through the upper head of the cylinder '28, and this pipe constitutes a bleed for the fuel supply line-under conditions which will presently be explained.

Mounted upon the top of'the cylinder 28 is a frame structure indicated in general by the numeral 41 .and including spaced uprights 42 and 43. This frame structure 44 in which works a piston head 45 supported at the upper end of the piston rod 30, the piston rod 30 extending through a stufling box 46 upon the lower head of the cylinder 44. The upper end of the cylinder 44 is closed by a head 47 which may be provided with a removable plug or closure 48 to permit of the introduction into the cylinder of the fluid which is to offer resistance to move- 7 ment of the piston 45. The by-pass for the resistance fluid comprises a pipe 49 having its lower end connected by an elbow 50 with justed so as to more or less retard the flow the lower end of the cylinder 44 and its upof the resistance fluid through the by-pass.

The gas supply pipe 21 heretofore referred to is placed in communication with a gas.

- main indicated by the numeral 52, and inter- I posed in this main is a'valve 53 which is normally held closed but which is provided with a stem54 extending exteriorly of its casing and adapted, uponthe' exertionof pressure thereagainst, to effect opening of the valve. The numeral 55 indicates a bracket which is mounted upon the casing of the valve or upon any other appropriate fixed support, and mounted for rocking,

movement. upon this bracket arm is a valve actuating lever 56 having a head at one side of its pivot indicated by the numeral 57 for co-action with the upper end of the valve 54. A dog 58 is pivoted as at 59 to the other end of the actuating lever 56 and in one position has shoulderedengagement with the end of the said lever so that in this position the.

dog will be held fixed in alignment withthe lever. A spring 60 is mounted upon the 1 under side of the lever and bears against the dog-to hold it in the'position stated and it'will'be understood that the dog may be moved about its pivot against the tension of this spring. Preferably the end of the dog is provided with a rounded nose'indicated by the numeral 61. The numeral 62 1nd1- cates :1 lug upon the iston rod 30 and it will be evident that the movement of this lug.- The actuating lever 56 preferably works in a guide 63 upon the upright 43 of the frame structure 41, and at this point it will be evident that with the parts in the position shown in Fig. 2, when the piston 29 is forced upwardly pressure of the liquid fuel delivered to the cylinder 28 by ride against the'under side of the dog 58v and swing the corresponding end of the lever 56 in an upward direction thus causing the other end 57 to exert downward pressure'upon the valve stem 54 to 0 en the valve and permit flow of gaseous uel through the conduit or main 52 and to the pilot tube 21. It will likewise be evident that at a point in the upward movement of the lug 0g 58 is in the path of a under the I of the lug 62, the said lug will ride down-.

wardly against the rounded nose of the dog 58, and sweep past the dog, moving the same upon its pivot 59, until it again assumes a position beneath the said dog. The conditions under which this operation takes place will presently be set forth.

' The blower9 which has heretofore been referred to, is preferably driven by an electric motor indicated in Fig. 10f the'drawings by the numeral 64. Conductor wires 65 lead to the motor and establish electrical connection between-the same and a switch which is indicated in general by'the numeral 66.

The switch 66 is preferably mounted upon a panel 67 supported in turn upon a bracket 68 mounted upon the upright 43 or any other convenient fixed support. The said switch comprises fixed spaced contacts 69 which are mounted upon the panel and to which the conductor wires are connected. The

switch further comprises a switch blade 70 which is pivoted at a point intermediate its length, as at 71, upon the panel 67 and is provided at one end with a stud or roller 72 which works between spaced fingers 73 upon an oscillatory trip member 74 pivotally mounted as at 75 uponthe panel. The other end of the switch blade 70 is designed'to bridge the contacts 69, .in one position of adjustment of the blade, and in another position of adjustment of the blade, namely the one illustrated in full lines' in Fig. 2 of the drawings, is out,of contact with the I said contacts 69 so that the circuit is broken.

' is connected at one end to the outer en the rocker 76 and at its other end to the; so

A rocker 76 has pin and slot connection as at 77 with the oscillatory trip member 74 and is mounted for rocking movement as at 78 upon the said panel 67. A sprin 79 of pivot 75 for the oscillatory trip'member 74. A link 80 is connected at its upper end to the rocker 76 andat its lower end as at 81 to an actuating lever 82 which is pivoted at one end as at 83 to the upright 42 of the frame structure 41 andextends transversely beside the piston rod 30 and is provided at its other end with a weight 84. A lug 85 is provided upon the piston rod 30 and rides beneat the lever. 82. r

The operation of the burner is as follows:

' The circuit is closed through the electric motor operating the pump 24 by a switch (not shown) and in the operation of the pump oil will'be forged through-the main 23 and into the lower end of the cylinder 28. The pressure of the oil will cause the piston 29 to rise in the cylinder and, the valves 34 and 38 being open, oil will flow into the pipe 35. and finally into the pipe 14. In the meantime the lug 62 will, inits upward movement, ride beneath the dog 58 and rock the valve actuating lever 56 so as to cause its end 57 to press'downwardly upon the stem 54 of the valve 53 thus opening the valve and permitting flow of gaseous fuel through the main 52 and to the pilot tube 21. The fuel being ignited at the discharge end 22, of the tube 21, a pilot flame is established in thefire box of the furnace to ignite the fuel delivered to the burner 2. The piston 29 continues'to rise, and it will I be evident that the fuel. oilwill he admitted into the pipe 35-and to the burner tube-14 1 in regulated volume controlled by the adjust ment of the needle valve 36. Finally the piston 29 will uncover the end of the pipe branch 37 whereupon the fuel oil ingreater volume will be admitted into the pipe 35 and supplied in like volume to the tube 14.

The oil initially supplied will at this time have been ignited at the burner, and at the time. the bra'nch37- of the pipe 35 is uncovered by the piston 29, or substantially at such time, the lug 85 will have acted against the lever 82. to elevate the lever and actuate the rocker 76 to break the toggle formed by this rocket and the piston member 75 thus throwing the switch blade 70- to position to close the circuit through the motor 64 and set in operation the. blower 9 so that air under pressure will be suppliedv to the burner and to the pipe 20 in the manner previously explained. .Of course, in

the normal operation of the burner, the several component parts thereof will maintain an equilibrium, but should the temperature rise above the maximum limit or should the pump 24 for any reason cease to operatc.

the thermostatic device 26 would inthe first instance out off the supply of current to the motor for the pump, and in the latter instance the pump would of course not function. Uuder these conditions, the flow of oil Jlo to the oil cylinder. 28 would ceaseand the piston 29 would lower under the pressure exerted upon it bythe weighted lever 82. In the lowering movement of the piston and likewise in the lowering movement of the lever 82, the switch 66 would be actuated" in a manner the reverse of that above explained so as to cut off the supply of current to'the motor 64-for the blower 9, and like wisethe supply of fuel oil through the branch 37would be discontinued or cut g'ofl'. The downward movement of the piston. 29 in the cylinder 28 creates a suction above the piston and as a. consequence thereof any ,orl WhlCh may be present in the pipe 14 'w ll be drawn out and delivered into the upper end of the cylinder 28 by way of the of the dog 58 and the lever 56 is released, it will drop to its lowered, position thus permitting. the valve 54 to close and cut oif said pipe39 and its down branch 40. Of course, when the lug 62rides past the nose thesupply of gaseous fuel to the pilot tube 21.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new is: I

1. A liquid fuel control for liquid fuel burners, comprising a fuel'cylinder, a piston therein, means for retarding the movement of the piston, a gaseous fuel supply main independent of the fuel cylinder, automatically I controlled means for admitting fuel to the cylinder atone side of the piston, means for conducting fuel to the burner to be supplied and normally active for conductingfuel from the cylinder in regulated quantity, and active in a shifted position of the piston to conduct fuel from the cylinder in greater quantity, and means controlled through movement of the piston for regulating the supply of gaseous fuel through the said gaseous fuel supply main.

' 2. A liquid fuel control for liquid fuel burners, comprising a fuel cylinder, a piston therein, a fuel conducting pipe for conducting fuel to the burner to be supplied and having connection with the cylinder at one side of the piston to provide for the supply of fuel inregulated quantity under normal conditions, the pipe having a branch likewise communicating with the cylinder and arranged, in one position. of shifting move mentof the piston to' be uncovered thereby whereby to permit theflow 'of fuel through the conducting pipe in greater quantity, andv means automatically controlled for admitting fuel to the cylinder.

3. A liquid fuel control for liquid fuel burners, comprising a fuel cylinder, a piston therein, means for admitting fuel to the lower end of the cylinder beneath the piston, a fuel conductingpipe for conducting fuel to the burner to be supplied and having a branch in communication with the cylinder near the lower end thereof and below the piston in its lowered position, thesaid' pipehaving another branch of greater conducting area communicating with the cylinder at an elevated point and adapted to be uncovered in ashifted 'position of the. piston whereby to adimit fluid to theconducting pipe in greater quantity in said position of the piston, and means controlling the. admission of fuel to the cylinder; I

4. A liquid fuel control comprising a fuel cylinder, a piston therein, means for admitting fuel to the lower end of the cylinder beneath the piston, a fuel conducting pipe having a branch in communication with the.

cylinder near. the lower end thereof and below the piston in its lowered position, the said pipe having another branch of greater conducting area communicating with the cylinder at an elevated point and ada ted to be uncovered in a shifted position 0 the piston whereby toadmit fluid to the conducting ipe in greater quantity in said position of't e piston, means controlling the ad- 7 mission of fuel to the cylinder, a gaseous fuel supply main-independent of the fuel cylinder, and means actuated through movement' of the piston for controlling the s pp y of gaseous fuel through said mam.

5. A liquid fuel control for liquid fuel burners, comprising-a fuel cylinder, a piston therein, means for admitting fuel to the lower end of the cylinder beneath the piston, a'fuel conducting pipe for conducting fuel to the burner to be supplied and having a branch in communication with the cylinder near the lower end thereof and below the piston in its lowered position, the! said pipe having another branch of greater conducting area communicating with the sion'of fuel to the cylinder, and means establishing communication between the upper end of the cylinder and the said conducting" pipe to provide for exhaustion of fuel from the saidvpipe upon downward movement "of the piston and a creation of a partial vacuum in the upper end of the cylinder 6. A -liquid fuel control for liquid fuel 10o burners, comprising a fuel cylinder, a piston 7' therein, means for admitting fuel to the,

lower end ofthe cylinder beneath the pis ton, a' fuel conducting pipe for conducting,

fuel to the burner to be supplied and having a branch'in communication with the cylinder near the lower end thereof and below the piston in its lowered position, the said pipe having another branch of greater conducting area-communicating with the cylinder at an elevated pointand adapted to be uncovered in a shifted position of the piston whereby to admit fluid 'to' the conducting pipe in greater vquantity in said position of the piston, means controlling the admission of fuel to the cylinder, and means operable automatically upon downward movement of the piston for effecting exhaustion of the fuel from the said conduct-' in pipe. a p

A liquidfuel control comprising a fuel cylinder, a piston therein including a rod extending exteriorly of the cylinder, automatically controlledmeans for admitting fuel to the cylinder atone side of the. piston, means normally active for conducting fuel from the cylinder in restricted quantity,- and active in a shifted position of the pis ton to conduct fuel from the cylinder in greater quant ty, a gaseous fuel supply main,

lee

a valve therein having a stem extending actuate the valve and move .the same toexteriorly, the valve being normally seated, open pdsition at a, predetermined point in,

and a lever arm engaged at one side of its the shifting movement of the piston.- 10

pivot with the stem of the valve, the said In testimony whereof we aflix our signa- 5 piston rod having means for coaction with tures.

the said lever arm at the other side of it's JOHN. PAUL JONES. [L. 8;]

pivot to effeet rocking of the lever arm to GEORGE NEMBACH. [11. 8.]

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