US1528478A - Alloy - Google Patents
Alloy Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1528478A US1528478A US756324A US75632424A US1528478A US 1528478 A US1528478 A US 1528478A US 756324 A US756324 A US 756324A US 75632424 A US75632424 A US 75632424A US 1528478 A US1528478 A US 1528478A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- chromium
- tungsten
- nickel
- iron
- carbon
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 16
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 30
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 18
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 18
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000016768 molybdenum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001080 W alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 car.- bon Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidyneiron Chemical compound [C].[Fe] QMQXDJATSGGYDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
Definitions
- the present mvention has for'its object tovarying percentages, varying percentages of 'tungsten, or in addition to iron, carbonchromium and tungsten, or to iron, carbon,
- chromium nickel and tungsten, or to iron, carbon, manganese, chromium, nickel and tungsten, varying percentages of silicon.
- the percenta eof carbon may vary up toabout 3.5%, the percentage of silicon above 1.3 up to 8%, the percentage of chromium above 8 up to 40% and the percentage of 0 tungsten fro-m about 1 to 10%.
- silicon, chromium and tungsten may var within the limits mentioned whilst the percentage of nickel may vary from about 20 up to
- the percentage of manganese, when managanese is used, may vary from about .5 up to 10%.
- alloys of the kind hereinbefore referred to so that they contain in' all cases in addition to iron, carbon, chromium, or to. iron, car.- bon, chromium and nickel, or iron, carbon, chromium, nickel and manganese, within the limits set forth, both silicon and tungsten within the 'limits set forth, such alloys oifer very considerable resistance to oxidation, scaling and corrosion at high temperatures, and also considerable resistance to corrosion at ordinary temperatures, whilst at the same time possessing good. mechanical qualities.
- Another alloy that has been found by experiment to give satisfactory results contained in addition to iron, about .05% carbon, about 2.73% silicon, about 18.96% chromium, about 06% nickel and about 2.85% tungsten.
- the alloy may contain in addition to iron, about .35 to 45% carbon, about 3 to 3.5% silicon, about 14 ⁇ % chromium, about 28% nickel and about 4% tungsten, with, it may be, say about 1.5% manganese.
- the tungsten may be replaced in whole or in part by .its equivalent, as for instance by molybdenum, and this substitution is to be understood ascovered by the term tungsten in the appended claims.
- Alloys acaording to the present invention possess the good mechanical qualities here- -inbefore referred to when used either at high temperatures or at ordinary tempera:-
- an alloy comprising, in addition to iron, about .59% of carbon,
- What I claim is 1.
- An alloy having as its principal ingredients, iron, and chromium, or, iron, chromium and nickel, the chromium content or combined chromium and nickel content being about 19 to 42%, with the chromium approximately 13% or above, together with SllICOIl 1.3 up to 8% and substantially above 1% and up to 10% of tungsten,-said alloy being capable of offering considerable resistance to oxidizing, scaling and corrosion at high temperatures.
- A ferro-chrome-nickel alloy having a combined chromium nickel content 015 about from 19 to 42%, with the chromium approximately 13% or above, together with silicon 1.3 up to 8% and from substantially above 1% and up to 10% tungsten.
- An alloy having as its principal ingredients, iron, chromium and nickel, the chromium content being about 13.70%, the nickel content about 26.06% and containing carbon about .45, silicon. about 1.60 and tungsten about 2.90%.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Patented Mar. 3, 1925.
UNITED "STATES A 1,528,478 PATENT OFFIGE.
ROBERT ABBOTT HADFIELD, OF WESTMINSTER, ENGLAND.
ALLOY.
No Drawing.
To all 'wkom it may concern:
Be it known that I, Sir ROBERT Anno'rr HADFIELD, a subject of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, residing at Westminster, England, have invented Improvements in or Relating to Alloys, of which the following is a specification.
. This invention has reference to alloys possessing, in addition to other advantageous characteristi'cs,'that of offering considerable resistance to\ oxidation and scaling'at high temperatures, and to attack by flame and hot' products of combustion, as for instance such as are produced in internal combustion engines. Alloys for this purpose have heretofore been produced comprising in addition to iron, varying percentages of carbon, silicon and chromium, or of carbon, chromium and nickel, or of carbon, chromium, nickel and tungsten, with or without addition, in some cases, of other elements such as manganese, cobalt, molyb denum, vanadium, titanium or copper, or
.of two or more of these elements. The
production of material cap-able of effectively resisting oxidation, scaling and corrosion at high temperature, say for instance up to 10009 C. and above, and which shall at the same time possess good mechanical characteristics including high tensile and compres- 'sion strength, is now becoming of greatly increasing importance for use in internal combustion engines, gas turbines, and for.
other purposes.
The present mvention has for'its object tovarying percentages, varying percentages of 'tungsten, or in addition to iron, carbonchromium and tungsten, or to iron, carbon,
chromium, nickel and tungsten, or to iron, carbon, manganese, chromium, nickel and tungsten, varying percentages of silicon.
In an iron carbon, silicon, chromium, tungsten, alloy according to the lnventlon,
silicon,
Application filed December 16, 1924. Serial No. 756,324.
the percenta eof carbon may vary up toabout 3.5%, the percentage of silicon above 1.3 up to 8%, the percentage of chromium above 8 up to 40% and the percentage of 0 tungsten fro-m about 1 to 10%. In an iron, carbon, silicon, chromium, nickel, tungsten alloy' according to the invention, theeartion; silicon, chromium and tungsten may var within the limits mentioned whilst the percentage of nickel may vary from about 20 up to The percentage of manganese, when managanese is used, may vary from about .5 up to 10%.
It has been found that by forming alloys of the kind hereinbefore referred to, so that they contain in' all cases in addition to iron, carbon, chromium, or to. iron, car.- bon, chromium and nickel, or iron, carbon, chromium, nickel and manganese, within the limits set forth, both silicon and tungsten within the 'limits set forth, such alloys oifer very considerable resistance to oxidation, scaling and corrosion at high temperatures, and also considerable resistance to corrosion at ordinary temperatures, whilst at the same time possessing good. mechanical qualities.
An alloy has been found by experiment to give very satisfactory results, when subjected to scaling tests by heating to about 1000 C. for three hours, contained, in addition to iron, about .45% carbon, about 1.60% about 1.25% manganese, about 13. 70% chrominum, about 26.6% nickel and about-2.90% tungsten.
Another alloy that has been found by experiment to give satisfactory results, contained in addition to iron, about .05% carbon, about 2.73% silicon, about 18.96% chromium, about 06% nickel and about 2.85% tungsten.
According to another example, the alloy may contain in addition to iron, about .35 to 45% carbon, about 3 to 3.5% silicon, about 14{% chromium, about 28% nickel and about 4% tungsten, with, it may be, say about 1.5% manganese.
In alloys of the kind referred to, the tungsten may be replaced in whole or in part by .its equivalent, as for instance by molybdenum, and this substitution is to be understood ascovered by the term tungsten in the appended claims.
Alloys acaording to the present invention possess the good mechanical qualities here- -inbefore referred to when used either at high temperatures or at ordinary tempera:-
tures, as well as offering great resistance to oxldatlon, scaling and corrosion at high temperatures and great resistance to corrosion by chemical action, .as for instance that of ordinary acids, fresh water and sea Water and so forth at ordinary temperatures. 1
Other elements, such as cobalt, vanadium,
' of the kind hereinbefore described, is found to improve its non-corrodible character at high and ordinary temperatures and also when exposed to the action of air, fresh Water and sea water at ordinary temperatures. For instance, an alloy comprising, in addition to iron, about .59% of carbon,
about 1.45% of silicon, about 1.57% manganese, about 14.7% of chromium, about 27.9% of nickel, about 3.61% tungsten and about 2.20% of copper has been found to possess good non-corrodible qualities in ad dition to good mechanical qualities.
What I claim is 1. An alloy having as its principal ingredients, iron, and chromium, or, iron, chromium and nickel, the chromium content or combined chromium and nickel content being about 19 to 42%, with the chromium approximately 13% or above, together with SllICOIl 1.3 up to 8% and substantially above 1% and up to 10% of tungsten,-said alloy being capable of offering considerable resistance to oxidizing, scaling and corrosion at high temperatures.
2. A: ferro-chrome-nickel alloy having a combined chromium nickel content 015 about from 19 to 42%, with the chromium approximately 13% or above, together with silicon 1.3 up to 8% and from substantially above 1% and up to 10% tungsten.
3. An alloy having as its principal ingredients, iron, chromium and nickel, the chromium content being about 13.70%, the nickel content about 26.06% and containing carbon about .45, silicon. about 1.60 and tungsten about 2.90%.
Signed at London, England this third.
day of December 1924.
ROBERT ABBOTT HADFIELD.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US756324A US1528478A (en) | 1924-12-16 | 1924-12-16 | Alloy |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US756324A US1528478A (en) | 1924-12-16 | 1924-12-16 | Alloy |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US1528478A true US1528478A (en) | 1925-03-03 |
Family
ID=25042985
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US756324A Expired - Lifetime US1528478A (en) | 1924-12-16 | 1924-12-16 | Alloy |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US1528478A (en) |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2423665A (en) * | 1944-10-05 | 1947-07-08 | Lebanon Steel Foundry | Acid resistant alloy |
US2699992A (en) * | 1951-04-04 | 1955-01-18 | Spitz Karl | Alloy cast irons |
US3156558A (en) * | 1961-10-03 | 1964-11-10 | Samuel J Rosenberg | High-density, nonmagnetic stainless steel |
US3168397A (en) * | 1962-01-03 | 1965-02-02 | Carpenter Steel Co | Steel alloy |
US3177074A (en) * | 1962-04-23 | 1965-04-06 | Duriron Co | Cobalt base alloys |
US3260594A (en) * | 1965-01-11 | 1966-07-12 | Blaw Knox Co | High temperature alloys |
US3516823A (en) * | 1966-07-21 | 1970-06-23 | Soc Metallurgique Imphy | Nonmagnetic ferronickel-chromium alloys of low thermoelastic coefficient |
US4118254A (en) * | 1977-04-04 | 1978-10-03 | Eutectic Corporation | Wear and corrosion resistant nickel-base alloy |
US4331741A (en) * | 1979-05-21 | 1982-05-25 | The International Nickel Co., Inc. | Nickel-base hard facing alloy |
-
1924
- 1924-12-16 US US756324A patent/US1528478A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2423665A (en) * | 1944-10-05 | 1947-07-08 | Lebanon Steel Foundry | Acid resistant alloy |
US2699992A (en) * | 1951-04-04 | 1955-01-18 | Spitz Karl | Alloy cast irons |
US3156558A (en) * | 1961-10-03 | 1964-11-10 | Samuel J Rosenberg | High-density, nonmagnetic stainless steel |
US3168397A (en) * | 1962-01-03 | 1965-02-02 | Carpenter Steel Co | Steel alloy |
US3177074A (en) * | 1962-04-23 | 1965-04-06 | Duriron Co | Cobalt base alloys |
US3260594A (en) * | 1965-01-11 | 1966-07-12 | Blaw Knox Co | High temperature alloys |
US3516823A (en) * | 1966-07-21 | 1970-06-23 | Soc Metallurgique Imphy | Nonmagnetic ferronickel-chromium alloys of low thermoelastic coefficient |
US4118254A (en) * | 1977-04-04 | 1978-10-03 | Eutectic Corporation | Wear and corrosion resistant nickel-base alloy |
DE2814350A1 (en) * | 1977-04-04 | 1978-10-12 | Eutectic Corp | WEAR RESISTANT AND CORROSION RESISTANT ALLOY COMPOSITION ON NICKEL BASE |
US4331741A (en) * | 1979-05-21 | 1982-05-25 | The International Nickel Co., Inc. | Nickel-base hard facing alloy |
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