US1524990A - Oil burner - Google Patents

Description

Feb.' 3, 1925. 1,524,990 H. C. MACAULAY O IL BURNER Filed March 3l, 1924 n c jmmr INVENTOR.

y m TORNEY Patented Feb'. 3, 1925.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

OIL BUB/NEB.

Application filed March 31, 1924. Serial No. l703,010.

To all lwhom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, HERMAN O. MACAULAY, a citizen of Canada, residing at Rumford, in the county of Oxford and State of Maine, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Oil Burners, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to oil burners of the type which spray the oil in atomized form, and the invention has reference more particularly to burners wherein a pressure fluid jet impinges against the 'oil flowing in the path of the jet and thereby effects a very fine subdivision or atomization of the oil, which in this condition is projected in the form ofa spray into the furnace or other chamber `or object to be heated.

It is a fundamental fact that in producing in an oil burner a pressure fluid jet of highy velocity from fluid of comparatively high pressure, the most economical method is to expand the fluid in its passage through the body of the burner so that the potential energy of the fluid at the high pressure will be converted into kinetic energy at the outlet of the burner. By reason of this kinetic energy .the pressure fluid impinges upon the oil at high velocity, and the latter is broken into line particles and is very satisfactorily atomized for burning, atv the expense of a minimum amount of the pressure fluid. One of thevchief objections to oil atomizing burners of this type has been the high pressure Huid consumption required to perform the work of atomization, and it is the aim of the present invention to produce a burner in which the desired degree of atomization of the oil for the most effective heating may be obtained by the use of a minimum amount of pressure fluid, and with these and other objects in view, the invention consists of a burner of improved lform and construction embodying a pressure fluid expansion duct of novel form and bearing a novel relation to the oil duct, which burner will be fully described in the specification to follow, and the novel features of which will be set forth in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. l is a longitudinal section through an oil burner constructed in accordance with my invention. f

Fig. 2 is a transverse section through the same on the line 2-2 of Fig. l.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the burner.

Fig. 4 is a plan view of the base block with the cap plate removed.

Fig. 5 is a perspective View of the base block and cap plate separated from each other.

Referring to the drawings:

The improved burner comprises a body l, which for convenience and economy in construction consists of a base block la suitably recessed to form the pressure fluid and oil passages and ducts, and a cap plate lb seated and secured on the upper face of the block to constitute a unitary burner body or nozzle.

Near its rear end the body is formed with a pressure fluid supply passage 2, preferably circular in form, which receives pressure fluid, such as steam. for instance, from a supply pipe 2a screwed in an opening extending upwardly through the underside of the body. A pressure fluid expansion duct 3 connects at its rear end with the upper end of the supply passage and extends forwardly longitudinally through the body and discharges at the forward end of the same. This duct is enclosed by upper and lower walls 3ZL and 3l and side walls, 3C, which latter, starting at the supply passage, diverge 'sharply toward the discharge end of the duct, which discharge end extends substantially the entire width of the body. The rear end of the duct joins the supply passage through a restricted orifice 3d which is constituted by the rear ends of the side walls 3e which curve inwardly towards each other as at 3, and then curve outwardly and merge in the circular walls of the supply passage. Due to this form and arrangement of the parts, the pressure fluid from the supply passage entering the duct 3 through the restricted orifice 3C", instantly and rapidly expands between the sharply diverging side walls of the duct and continues to expand throughout the length of the duct, the curvature of the walls where they join the supply passage permitting the pressure fluid to flow smoot-hly and without obstruction so that the pressure Huid issues from the discharge end of the expansion ductin a jet or steam flowing at very high velocity.

Near its forward end the body is formed with an oil supply passage 4c receiving oil from an oil supply pipe 4a screwed in an opening extending upwardly through the underside of the body. An oil duct 5 oonnects with the supply passage and extends transversely of the body and through a horizontal ledge 6 at the forward end of the body, the oil issuing through said ledge at a point just forward of they discharge end of the pressure fluid expansion duct. The oil duct is of flat form and its plane is transverse to the burner body, and its side walls 5 diverge towards its discharge end at which point it extends substantially the full width of the discharge end of the pres'- sure fluid expansion duct. The oil duct while extending generally transversely of the burner body, inclines slightly forwardly from its receiving end as best shown in Fig. l.

Inthe operationk of the burner, the pressure fluid supplied through pipe 2a enters the supply passage 2 and thence flows into the expansion duct 3 where the pressure fluid is rapidly expanded and issues from the discharge end of the duct in a rapidly flowing jet. The oil supplied by pipe la iows up into the oil supply passage 4 and thence into the oil duct 5 and wells up therein and flows out through its discharge end on the ledge 6 and in the path ofthe rapidly flowing jet. The, jet impinging on the oil, breaks` the saine up into very fine particles and thoroughly atomizes it and produces a spray of the atoinized oil which on being ignited produces intense heat.

It will be noted that the oil isl supplied by the oil duct at the point of greatest expansion of the pressure fluid stream where the flow of the pressure fluid .is at its maximum speed and is most effective. to produce the thorough atomization of t-he oil.

As before stated, the burner body is made up of a base block and a cap plate. This construction enables the recesses and cavities, which form the pressure fluid and oil passages and ducts, tobe formed wholly in the base block, and it conduces to the construction of the burner at a minimum expense andl machining operations. The pressure Huid and oil supply passages are formed by boring through the block from its underside, the pressure fluid supply passage extending through the upper face of the block, andthe oily duet also extending through said face. The pressure fluid expansion duct is formed by recessing the upper face of the block, and the cap plate wit-hits plain smooth under surface lc as shown in Fig. 5,

when seated on the upper face of the block and secured by the fastening bolts 7, constitutes the upper walls of the pressure fluid supply passage and pressure fluid expansion duct, it being noted that the forward en d of the plate terminates short of the forward end of the block and thereby produces the ledge 6 before alluded to, at the forward end of the burner body.

In the accompanying drawings and foregoing description the invention has been set forth in the particular detailed form which it is preferred to adopt and which in practice has been found to answer to a satisfactory degree the ends tobe attained. It is mani-fest that` the details may be-changed and modified within the skill of the l mechanic without departing from the spirit of the invention; and it will be understood that the invention is not to be limited to any particular form or construction of the parts, except in so far as such limitations are specifiedv in the claims.

'lalaving4V thus described my invent-ion, what I claim is:

l. An oil burner comprising a base block formed near its inner end with a pressure Huid supply passage extending through its upper face and provided in said face with a longitudinally extending cavity communicating with the supply passage, the said block being provided near its forward end withl an oil duct disposed transversely thereof and extending through its upper face, and4 a cap plate seated on the upper face of the block and having a plain smooth under surface constitutingthe upper walls of the pressure {iuid supply passage and the pressurev fluid expansion duct.

Q. An oil burner comprising' a base block formed, near, its rear end with a pressure fluid supply passage extending through its upper face and` formed inv said face with a cavity communicating with the passage and having side walls diverging' towards the forward end of the block, said block being provided near its forward, end with an oil supply passage` and with an oil duct comn'iunicating with. the said passage and extending transversely of the block through the upper face of the same, and a cap plate seated on the upper face of the block and having a plain smooth under surface oonstituting the upper" walls of the pressure Huid supply passage and the pressure Huid i expansion duct.

Bren oil burner comprising a( base block formed near its rear end with a pressure fluid supply passage extending through its upper face and formed in said face withv a cavity communicating with said passage and having side walls diverging towards the forward end of the block, said block being provided near its forward end withv an. oil supply passage and with an oil duct communicating With the said passage and extending transversely of the block through the upper face of the same, and a cap plate seated on the upper face of the block and having a plain smooth under surface constituting the upper walls of the pressure fluid supply passage and the pressure Huid expansion duct and terminating at its forward end in rear of the discharge end of the oil duct.

In testimony whereof, I have afxed my signature hereto.

HERMAN C. MAOAULAY.

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