US1519806A - Magazine pistol - Google Patents

Description

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' J. H. WESSON MAGAZINE PISTOL Dec. 16, 1924.

J. H. wEssoN 'IIAGAZYINE Pls'ron Filed naa. v 1920 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 [l mil I Y ruw( I a1,

ATTORNEYS Patented en. 16, 1924.

' iT S JOSEPH H. VIESSON. DECEASED, LATE 0F SPRINGFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS; BY OLD COLONY TRUST COMPANY, EXEGUTOEL, Ol BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS.

MAGAZINE PISTOL.

Application filed December 7, 1920. Serial No. 428,943.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that JOSEPH H. l/VnssoN, deceased, late a citizen of the United States of America, residing in Springfield, in the county of Hampden and State of Massachusetts, did invent certain new and useful Improvements in Magazine Pistols, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to magazine rearms and particularly to pistols of the type having a slidable barrel which moves rearwardly to receive within it a cartridge from the magazine.

Heretofore, pistols of this type have usually been provided either with stationary .firing pins against which the cartridge was thrust by the action of the slidable barrel, or with firing pins which were directly actuated by the barrel retracting mechanism. By the present invention the barrel retracting mechanism and the firing mechanism are independent of each other, thus ensuring a positive action of each group of elements and permitting the operator to better control the aiming and firing of the arm.

The new construction embraces various novel features which will appear from the following description and the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings one embodiment of the improved pistol is shown for the purpose of illustrating the invention.

In the drawings,-

Figure 1 is a partial side view of the pislol partly in elevation and partly in longitudinal mid-section, and showing the parts at rest;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the pistol mainly in longitudinal mid-section;

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the pistol;

Fig. 4 is a side elevation showing the pistol with some of the elements removed and some parts in mid-section, the barrel being moved back in position for firing;

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary side elevationv viewed from the right, some parts being removed;

Fig. 6 is a transverse section on the line 6 6 in Fig. 4, the trigger having been pulled;

Fig. 7 is a horizontal section on the line 7 7 in Fig. 2;

Fig. 8 is an inverted view and edge view of the trigger lock removed.

Fig. 9 is an enlargement of a portion of Fig. 6 showing the parts in a different position.

In the drawings, A is the main frame of the pistol, and B is the sliding barrel. The frame A has a grip or handle portion C within which is formed the magazine D, of usual construction. The frame has a tubular portion A which partly embraces the barrel, and forms a slideway in which the barrel may move. rlhe movements of the barrel are imparted by a finger piece or pull handle E, its movement being multiplied by transmission through a lever F, as will be explained. The trigger G, which may be of a usual sliding type, as shown, acts when pulled to first cock the hammer H, and then release it, so that in moving the hammer drives in a firing pin and explodes the cartridge.

Normally, the barrel is advanced as shown in Fig. 2, the uppermost cartridge 15 having been lifted from the magazine to a position in line with the barrel and directly in rear thereof. To fire the arm the operator first pulls back the piece E which slides the barrel back so that it receives the cartridge within it; until this movement is completed the trigger is locked; he next, after taking aim, pulls the trigger Gf, which cocks and releases the hammer and fires the arm. Then, on the release of the piece E the barrel. moves forward under the stress of a spring. and the spent shell. is ejected, and the next cartridge rises into position.

The general nature and operation of the invention being now understood, the particular construction shown will be explained.

The frame A comprises the tubular portion A', and butt or grip C having a marginal frame 8, and trigger guard 9. The portions comprising the frame are best formed in one piece asl indicated in the drawings.

Vithin the frame 8 is formed the magazine D, which comprises the usual follower 13 and extensile spring 12. The follower is guided in grooves within the frame 8 as usual. For guiding the cartridges, the magazine is provided on opposite sides with vgrooves 14 which engage the opposite sides of the cartridge bases. The cartridges 15 comprise each the usual tubular jacket and projectile with a rear flange or base 16 which may be formed in any usual way.

The sides of the magazine are closed in sprino' 28 ris a bar hole Sin the breech on't'he under side .of the trigger guard 9, and. havin(y a bar 22 which bears apainst the le-l yer F; this iever is 'ulcrumed at Q0 near` the bottom of the magazine, and .its upper or tree end is connected in any suitable manner to the barrel. yThe mode of connection shown is by introducing the rounded upper end 2l 01"' the lever into. recess 3l in a lug' 29 pro3ect1ng from the barrel. n

r'he barrelv B is suitably guided within the tubular portion A ot' the. trame7 and has suitablel connection with a ,spring for pre ing the barrel forward. sho

-r springattached if, reactingf against a. fixed 'lug 2G lin the stock'. and

.pressing against the lever lT which communicates its stress to the barrel.

The upper portion oit the annular barrel support has -a suitable opening' 32 con- 'forming`A preferably tothe oross-sectionat shape oi' the magazine and permitting' the ej ectment of the cartridges after irin The magazine is charged through this opening.

The firing mechanism or the pistol com- ;prises iany suitable hammer Aor firing' pin;

as shown, this is a bar H, pressed forward by an internal spring 34 reacting; against a pin 35. The forward end of the bar is formed as a pin 3G which passes through iocln being. directed against the center or rim oit the upper oartridge, for either center-tire or rinrire cartridges, as the case may be. rlhe hammer is pressed back by a short spring` Li0 the stress of which is overcome by the momentum ot' the hammer when itsprings forward under stress ot' the spring' rlhe trigger G is shown as mounted on a slide 38 moving in a. guiding groove 39 above the trigger guard. and provided with a rearwardly projecting pusher bar r2 the rear end which t see Fig. 7) engages a. lup; 43 on one side oil the hammer bar pf. The pusher bar elastic" and its rear end has a slight lateral play which permits its nose to become disengaged from the lun` i3 at the proper moment.h The nose of the pusher bar is held in engagement with the lug' 43 by its own elasticity until at the extreme pull of the trigger it lis forced away and disengag'es the lug` to release the hammer' and permit it to spring' forward and fire the cartridge. This is accomplished.I in the construction shown, by a canrincline which is engaged by the beveled end et; of the pusher bar. and forces the nose thereof laterally. to free the lue; 43. The trigger -i: is pressed forward by a. spring` 4C? (Fig. 2) partly housed in the slide 38. i i

In order that the uppermost cartridge mayV stop at the proper position.. a spring -pressed cartridge stop 52 is provided at the upper `1ers-reefs end of the groove le so as top roject into the path or the cartridge i' ase. In order that the cartridge'may be ejected after tiring7 provision is made or'releasing the cartridge oithe la'tterwhich is held in the grooves let.

To enable the stop to be thus pr'essedback itis formed as a pin projecting from a bloot: 53 which confined in a recess termed in this bloeit1 this spring' reacting' againsta transverse pin all pin 52 pr jects-through a hole 5"? which is :tormedfasr an upright'slot toA permit ot a certain up and down movement of this stop pin,iniwhich movement the block may turn around the pin which it engages by means ol" a slot 38. By thus mounting` the block carryingthe sto-p pin 52, its 'front portion may move both `forward and backward :and up and down, being pressed for wardy by ther spring and downward by a spring' 59 above it7 which is shown as a leert Spring fastened on top of `the breech bloei; and Airaying'.on its tree end a` pin (SO passing;

through a hole in the breech block andA pressing' downwardly on the 'forward end ot the block ln operation., when the tace 43 on the barrel strikes the stop pin 52 it pushes it back as far as the rear tace of the cart-ridge base, whereupon, being no longer upheld. the spring' 39 is effective to press it downward against the bottom of the slot. 5T. as shown in Fin'. 3. At remains iu this position nntil the cartridge is tired aud the barrel released. and the spent shell ejected. .Xs this shell torced out by the upward pres- Sure ot the new cartridge beneath. the stop pin strings 'forward in front ot the base o'f said cartridge, and as the latter moves upward to its position of ali `gnmeut with the barrel, the stop is carried up against the pressure of its spring' :79 to its noi mal loci;- inej position, as shown in Fig.

The barrel B being` in the position shown in Fig. 2., that is., in its forward position, any desired number of cartridges, preferably of the type hereinbetore described and within the capacity of the magazine, are inserted therein -from the top, the bases of the oartridges being positioned in the guide grooves 14. ln practice the magazine will be charged with cartridges from a cartridge clip. As the cartridges are' fed into the magazine as indicate the follower member 13 is orced downwardly andthe spring l2 shown lin Figs.l o and 9. The stop f` ressedA forward by a springy :Sfif 1,51e,soe

Compressed. rfhe uppermost cartridge is held in the proper position as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, by its base engaging the cartridge stop This top cartridge is thus held in the anis of the movable barrel B. The operator then draws back the lower piece Fi (with a finger other than the trigger linger) causing the arm 22 and lever F to force back the slidable barrel 13 to the position shown iu 41;, so that the cartridge is substantially completely enclosed by the barrel. The elements are now in firing position. 1When ready to lire. the trigger is pulled, and the hammer 1-1 is pushed back against the tension of its spring Sil, by the end of the pusher bar l2 engaging` the lug L13, thus bringing the hammer to the cocked position. At the end of the pull on the trigger the incline 45 disengages the pusher bar from the lug 113, whereupon the hammer, actuated by its spring 34, shoots forward, carrying its firing pin 36 against the cartridge, so as to explode the latter. rlhe spent cartridge shell is ejected when the barrel B through the release of the trigger E is permitted to tale its forward position; the ejection is accomplished by the upward pressure of the magazine spring, since the spent shell is released as soon as the barrel moves forward. Thereupon the next cartridge is in turn caught by its base striking the stop 52. y

To facilitate the charging of the magazine, the stop 52 is so mounted as to be movable out of the path of the bases of the cartridges. To this end its block 53 is provided with any suitable means for pressing it back from the exterior. As shown, a button 62 Fig. 3) is arranged on the exterior, with its pin or shank 63 engaging the forward portion of the block 53, and movable through a hole sufiiciently large (see 63', Fig. 5) to permit of both the up and down and forward and back movements of the forward end of the block. Thus the operator, by pressing rearwardly on the button 62, may force back the block 53 against the spring 5dr and thereby retract the stop 52 beyond the rear faces of the cartridge bases, so that the latter may be fed down into the engaging grooves 14.

It is highly desirable to provide means for insuring that the arm cannot be fired until the barrel is fully back with the cartridge suitably enclosed within it. To this end a trigger lock is provided, which prevents the pulling of the trigger G until the barrel is thus fully retracted. To accomplish this it is necessary to provide a locking piece movable transversely to the movement of the barrel, and which is moved by the trigger, the locking piece being immovable until a notch or slot in the barrel is brought into coincidence with the lockingpiece upon the complete retraction of the barrel, so that the locking piece may move transversely into such slot. In the simple construction shown, the locking piece is a transversely-movable slide which has on its under side an oblique groove i' 1, shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3, and in full lines in the inverted view,

Fig. 8. The trigger slide has on its upper side a pin 74e which enters the groove 'T8 (see Figs. 4; and 6), so that as the trigger is dra-wn baclr the slide is moved laterally to the extent shown in Figs, 6 and S, sliding in a slideway 7 5 formed through the frame A beneath the barrel. In Fig. 8 the pin 7d is shown in section, the full lines showing the position of rest, and the dotted lines shewing the movement of the pin with the trigger slide in the direction of the arrow, and the consequent camming` of the locking piece 70 to the position shown in dotted lines, IThe locking piece 70 cannot be thus moved until the barrel has been retracted, because to make this movement it has to enter a transveres notch or recess 76 in the bottom of the barrel (see Fig. 2), which recess is brought into coincidence with the locking slide 70 only when the barrel is fully drawn back. 1n any forward position of the barrel the cylindrical swell thereof enters a notch 78V in the piece 70, and any attempt to displace the latter sidewise wouldbring a shoulder 77 against the cylindrical face of the barrel,

which would block the movement of the locking piece, and, consequently, of the trig- The described construction may be varied in any of numerous ways known to this art. For example, it is not essential to the invention that the hammer be cocked and released by the same pull of the trigger. Nor is the invention limited to the stopping of the topmost cartridge in line with the barrel by the specific stop construction shown. Any other stop mechanism and any other construction of cartridge whereby the cartridge is effectively stopped in line with the barrel, and after tiring is released so that it may be ejected upon the next forward movement of the barrel, is within the invention in its broader aspects.

What is claimed is l. 1n a pistol, the combination of a frame, a slidable barrel supported therein, a magazine feeding cartridges transversely to said barrel, having a spring to press the cartridges to loading position, and a movable stop adapted to engage the base of the uppermost cartridge and hold it in line with the barrel, said stop movable rearwardly and adapted to be pressed back out of engagement with the cartridge by abutment with the rearward loading movement of the barrel.

2. In a pistol, the combination of a barrel, and a stop arranged to engage the base of a cartridge in line with the barrel, said stop movable longitudinally and arranged in vil) line with the rear end of the barrel, so that as the barrel is moved rearwardly, it abuts the stop and presses it back out ot engagement with the cartrid 3. In a pistol, the combination oit a sliding barrel, a magazine having` a spring feeding cartridges transversely to the loading` position, a stop arranged to engage and ar rest a cartridge in line with the barrel, said stop movable loncitudinally and athV `ned on the rearward loan g movement ot the barrel to be pressed backwardly thereby to tree the cartridge, and movable also in direction transversely to such movement, with a spring acting to move it in such direction to bring it behind said cartridge.

4. In a pistol, the combination ot slidable barrel, a breech block, a cartridge stop movable through a hole in the breech block adapted to engage a cartridge in line with the barrel. said stop movable longitudinally with yielding means pressing it forward, and movable also in a direction transverse to such movement, with yielding means pressing it in such transverse direction, whereby when the stop is pressed backward out oit engagementwith the cartridge, it moves behind said cartridge.

5. In a pistol, the combination ot a slidable barrel, a breech` block, a cartridge stop movable through a hole in the breech block adapted to engage a cartridge in line with the barrel, said stop movable both longitudinally and vertically, and yielding means for pressing it forward and downward, whereby when the stop is pressed backward out ot engagement with the cartridge, it is caused to move down behind the cartridge.

6. In a pistol, the combination of a slidable barrel, a magazine, a movable stop adapted to engage the base ot the uppermost I cartridge andihold it in line with the barrel, and an external projection connected to said stop for manually retracting it to permit the charging ot the magazine.

7. In a pistol, the combination ot' a breech block. a slidable barrel, a stop engaging a cartridge in line with the barrel, a block movable in a chamber within the breech block carrying said stop. a spring pressing the bloclr forwardly, and a spring pressing the front end of the block downwardly.

S. In a pistol, the combination ot a trame, a slidable barrel adapted on sliding baclrward to receive a cartridge, a spring hammer having a firing pin, adapted to explode a cartridge held in said barrel, a trigger, means for preventing` the pulling of the trigger eX- cept when the barrel is in its backward position, said trigger having` an extension adapted to engage the hammer so that as the trigger is pulled it cocks the hammer, and means for freeing said extension from the hammer to release it.

9. In a pistol, a spring hammer, a trigger, a trigger extension comprising a push bar moved by the trigger and engaging a shoulder on the hammer, said push bar being laterally resilient, and a lixed part coacting therewith tor laterally displacing said push bar to clear said shoulder.

l0. The combination of claim 9, said extension comprising a laterally resilient push bar moved by the trigger, having a scar engaging a shoulder on the hammer, and a prolonged beveled portion, and the breech carrying a fixed incline engaging the said beveled portion to laterally displace said bar and tree the sear from the hammer.

ll. In a pistol, the combination ot a trame, a slidable barrel adapted to move back and receive a cartridge, firing means including a trigger, and a trigger locl adapted to prevent the pulling ot the trigger until the barrel is fully retracted, the trigger movable longitudinally of the barrel, and the trigger lock movable transversely thereof.

l2. In a pistol, the combination ot' a trame. a slidable barrel adapted to move back and receive a cartridge, .tiring means including a trigger, and a trigger lock comprising a laterally-movable piece connected to and moved by the trigger, engaging the barrel and immovable except when, upon the barrel being fully retracted, a notch in the barrel. is in coincidence with it.

13. The combination of claim l1, the trigger lock comprising a slide movable transversely between the trigger and barrel, the barrel having a notch which ,in its fully retracted position coincides with said slide, the slide engaging the barrel so as to be immovable except when .it can enter said notch, and a connection between the slide and trigger whereby the pulling ot the trigger moves the slide transversely, so that the trigger is locked until the slide is tree to so move.

lll. The combination of claim ll, the ti ger locl-I comprising a laterally-movable piece connected to and moved by the trigger, engaging the barrel and immovable except when, upon the barrel being fully retracted, a notch in the barrel is in coincidence with it, the connection between the laterally-movable part and trigger comprising an oblique groove in the one. and a projection on the other engaging said groove.

In witness whereof, your petitioner hereunto signs its name.

OLD COLONY TRUST COMPANY, Emccutm' of last will and testament of Joseph H.

Wesson, deceased,

By F. WINCHESTER DENIC,

Vice-President.

Attest- R. B. FISHER,

Asst Secgj.

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