US1519435A - Boiler for steam engines and the like - Google Patents

Description

, Dec. 16, 1924- 1,519,435

C. E. BISHOP BOILER FOR STEAM'ENGINES AND THE LIKE Filed July 30, 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet l Dec. v1 1 1 ,51 9,435

. C. E. BISHOP BOILER FOR STEAM ENGINES AND THE LIKE Filed July 30, 1923 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Dec. lfi,

PATT @FiFllZi.

LI TCHELLVILLE. IO'WA.

BOILER FOR STEAM ENGINES AND LIKE.

Application filed July so. 1922.

To aZZ 1.0710722. it may concern.

Be it known that l, CARL Brsrror, a citizen cf the United States, and a resident oi lliiitchellville, in the county of Folk and State of Iowa, have invented a certain new and useful. Boiler 'lor Steam Engines and the like, of which the following is a specification.

The purpose of my invention is to provide a boiler for the generation of steam for use in engines.

A particular object of my invention is to provide a boiler of the type under consideration in which the construction is such to insure the taking oil of dry steam only tor operating an engine or for other purposes. This purpose is accomplished by taking the steam off at a number of points, passing it along a path or through passages thoroughly heated and or such size as to insure that all moisture is taken out 01 the steam before delivery to the throttle or the like.

This stri'icture is of importance to insure a practical boiler for use in steam vehicles, tractors and aeroplanes, or the like where space for installation is limited, where rapid formation or steam is necessary and light weight is a great advantage.

Another purpose is to provide means for a large reserve of dry steam distributed through the boiler and to insure subjection of reserve steam to intense heat at the lower end oi. a xerticul receptacle, without throttle action.

Another object is to provide a boiler oil such construction that it may be tilled with water almost to the top tor thereby avoidiiu, or preventing the loosening of the threaded portions by contraction and expansion, such occurs in boilers of low water level.

Another object is to provide such an arrangement or those steam tubes or passages, which are immediately subjected to the heat of a burner, as to provide for a very great amount of metal. tor 'ronducting heat and for preventingthe burning out of these parti c u l ar tubes.

Another object is to provide such a construction in which threaded coils or elements may be employed, and generally in which the parts are so constructed and arranged as to facilitate the assembling or disassembling and repair of the structure.

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My object is also to provide a? boiler struc- Serial No. 654l,619i

ture, such that in its circulation, the water takes its natural and normal path oi? least resistance.

l have not attempted here to state all oi the objects oi? my invention, but with these and other objects in view, my invention consists in the construction, arrangementand combination of the various parts of my device, whereby the objects contemplated are attained, as hereinafter more fully set forth, pointed out in my claims. and illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 shows a top or plan view of a boiler embodying my invention.

Figure 2 shows a vertical, sectional, detail view taken on the line oi Figure 1.

Figure 3 shows a detail. sectional view taken on the line 38 of Figure 1.

Figure 4; shows a top or plan view of the steam reserve pipes with the other parts of the boiler removed; and

Figure 5 shows vertical, sectional view of the water receiving portion of a slightly modified form of my boiler.

My improved boiler consists, generally speaking, primarily oi what i may call the water container structure or water tank, the heating); coils, and the steam reserve members.

The water container that portion to which the cold water supplied, which is on the outside oi the boiler and may i e made in a variety of forms.

(is shown in the drawings, the water container consists ot a lower, annular tubular water container, header or drum, indicated in the accompanying drawings by the r ference character 10, and an upper spaced similar container 11.

The members 10 and 11 are connected by a series of circumterentially equi-distantly spaced tubes 12.

The water container might be in the form of a continuous annular water jacket or it might be in the form of the lower member 10 having projecting; upwardly therefrom a series of pipes or tubes 1%, as shown in the modified form in Figure 5.

For receiving; the water, I provide an enlarged stand pipe The stand pipe 13 cominiiinicates with the members 11 and 10 in the preferred form of my invention and has one or more intake tubes lei j At the bottom of the star pipe 13 is a removable plate [5 and at the top is a; similar plate 16 held in place by screw bolts 17 and provided with suitable copper gaskets or the like.

It will thus be seen that all the pipes 12 are connected with the members 10 and 11 and are thus in communication with said members and with e ch other.

Arranged within the water container is a plurality of upright steam reserve pipes 18. F or purposes of illustration and making the invention clear, I have shown eighteen of the vertically arranged steam reserve pipes 18, and these pipes may be for instance two and one-half inches in diameter.

At the center of." the device is a steam chest receptacle 19, which may for illustration be four inches in diameter.

Around each of the pipes 18 is wound a generating coil 20. The coils 20 connect at their lower ends with the member 10 and at their upper ends with the member 11.

The coils 20 may be joined together as at 21, and the ends of the members 21 may be inserted into an opening in the member 10.

The ends of the members 21 are provided with shoulders 22 and are screw-threaded to receive nuts 23. Between the nut 23 and the inner face of the wall of the member 10, there may be a copper gasket 24; for making a tight joint.

In order to provide access to the nuts 23, I provide a hole 25 in the outer wall of the member 10 opposite the end of the pipe 21, and provide a suitable screw plug 26 for such hole. These openings serve a threefold purpose; they afford access for assem bling and disassembling the generating coils, they permit blowing out of the generating coils by pressure while the coils are assembled, and the cleaning out of lime and sediment from the water container.

It will, of course, be understood that gaskets may be used where desired or necessary.

Similarly one or more of the upper coils 20 may be connected to a member 21, which is similarly connected with the member 11. It will thus be seen that water is fed into the stand pipe and passes into the lower part of. the water container. thence through the coils 20 to the upper part of the water contamer.

Steam is taken from the wate container at a large number of points through elbows 2?. port ons of which communicatewith and extend directly upwardly from the top of the member 11.

The elbows 2'? are connected by fittings 28 with elbows 29 communicating with the upper ends of the steam reserve pipes 18.

At the lower ends of the pipes 18 are smaller pipes 30 leading to the lower end or" the steam chest receptacle 19. A take-ofi" pipe 31 leads from the top oi the steam chest receptacle 19 to the throttle, The lower part of the steam chest receptacle 19 should be made very heavy and thick.

Below the boiler is a suitable burner 82.

I will now explain the practical operation and some of the advantages of my improved boiler.

Water is supplied to the stand pipe and thence to the water container, comprising the members 10, 11 and 12, and the water is intended to stand within an inch or two of the top of the member 11.

It should perhaps be mentioned that for the sake of compactness, the upper ends of the pipes 18 are substantially level with the upper end of the member 11, while the lower ends of the pipes 18 stand above the lower end of the member 10 to allow clearance for the lower pipes 21 and the pipes 30.

The lower ends of the tubes 20, the lower tubes 21, and the tubes are so arranged that by i'inscrewing the fittings 2-8, the pipes 18 and 19 and the tubes 30 may be drawn out from the bottom of the boiler, thus facilitating assembling or disassembling for building and repair. It may be mentioned that by disconnecting the coils from the water container, the boiler may be readily taken apart for repairs or replacement of worn parts.

When the burner is lighted, the water in the generating coils 20 is heated very rapidly and circulates from the lower part of the water container through the coils 20 to the upper part of the water container. The steam is drawn off through vertical portions of the elbows 27 and passes through the elbows 29 to the upright reserve pipes 18 and thence through the pipes 30 to the steam chest receptacle 19 from which it is taken through the pipe 31 to the throttle.

There are a large number of advantages which arise from the structure hereinbetore set forth. In all of the boilers of this general type, with which I am familiar, it has been necessary to keep the water at a comparatively low level. cause otherwise the steam was taken ofi" wet.

In many boilers, when the water is at a low level, it is found that steam is formed in the heating coils and exerts a very strong back pressure, and frequently there is a separation of bodies of waters in the coils with a body of steam between the two bodies, with a result that circulation is not free and the coils are damaged at the point 01 separation. This separation also results in poor steaming qualities. The separation occurs in some of the coils and not in the others, and the circulation follows the line of least resistance, to-wit, the path in the coolest coil with result that the efliciency of the boiler is very greatly reduced. Where it has been attempted to overcome this objection by the use of larger coils much slower steam generation results.

This is true he,

In the construction of the boiler herein described, I am able to use pipes of small diameter tor the generating tubes and to secure a very rapid generation of steam, and with the high water level, the height of the ater is such as to prevent any expansion of the kind mentioned in the generating coils.

By permitting water to stand at a point near the top of the water container, it is obvious that the coils 20 are full of water all of the time. This does away to a very great extent with the likelihood of burning out the joints and the small tubes.

It will be noted also that the generating coils are such that heat will force water upwardly therein, while in the water 0011- tainer. the water stands in a vertical column and circulation thus insured. Its weight in the water container prevents any undesirable back pressure in the coils.

Where, however, the water stands near the top off the boiler, there is involved the problem of drawing oil dry steam and avoiding the taking of wet steam from the boiler. This problem is solved and the desirable result of ecuring dry steam is accomplished by taking the steam from the top or" the boiler through the upright members of the elbows 27.

The solution of the problem is also contributed to by taking off the steam through a large number of small pipes, which prevent suction and the consequentdrawing off of wet steam.

The insuring of dry steam is also accomplished by passing the steam through the upright reserve pipes 18, which are of large size. Because these upright reserve steam pipes 18 are vertical, it is obvious that any moisture that might come into them, would drop immediately to the bottom.

The tubes 30 are subjected directly to the heat of the burner and the steam tlmroughly heated and dried in them. The upright member 19 is also subject to heat from the central portion of the burner and is oil large diameter relatively. so that there is no possibility of. having moist steam at the upper part of the pipe 19.

It may be mentioned at this time that the bottoms of the pipes 18 may be in the form of relatively thick metal discs welded or otherwise held in so that these bot-toms will stand great heat. The same construction may be followed in the receptacle 19, and is illustrated in Figure This also gives to the receptacle 19 and the pipes 18 the benefit oi. a hot plate bottom.

I find that on account of the arrangement of the receptacle 19 and the large number of pipes 30 connected therewith. there is no danger of burning out the small pipes 30, because there is such a large amount of metal, all connected together, that the heat is quickly conducted from the point where it is directly applied to the pipes 30, to the pipe 19 and the pipes 18.

It will be noted that the distance of travel ttrom each elbow 27 to the upright pipe 19 is the same in all instances. This makes the drawing oil of steam through the various elbows 27 even and uniform. and thus contributes to eliminating the taking of any wet steam from the boiler.

Special attention is called to the factthat the arrangement of the boiler is such that the circulation of water is in the natural direct-ion and by the easiest path. The water comes in at the outside of the boiler and then passes inwardly where it is subjected to the greatest heat and upwardly through the heating coils to the upper portions oi the boiler, where it may drop straight down. At the discharge ends of the generating coils, both water and steam will issue from the coils. The heavier water goes down while the steam goes upwardly and is taken off through suitable connections or passages to the steam reserve sect-ion of the boiler. It will be noted that this action takes place at the extreme outside and top of the boiler, where least affected by the heat of the burner and separation is easy and natural. The pipes 18 offer ample space for reserve steam.

The pipes 18 and receptacle 19 and the tubes 30 form a superheater in which the steam is thoroughly heated and dried. In the pipes 30, all steam is subjected to the hottest part of the burner flame before passing to the pipe 19.

The entire device is very compact, the parts fitting together in a small space.

It will be seen that I have provided a boiler in which the water may stand near the top, whereby there is avoided the likelihood of burning out the heating tubes in the smaller parts, and whereby it is possible to use screw connections that would burn out if they were not covered by vater. I can thus use small coils, get rapid circulation and quick steam generation. At the same time, the way the steam is taken oil is such that there no suction of wet steam. The pipes 18 being within the generating coils reflects the heat to the coils. The: heat has a clear path to the generating coils.

The steam can travel slowly through a long path through the enlarged pipes 18 and receptacle 19, affording containers tor a large reserve of steam, whereby full and complete evaporation is insured.

Another advantage arising from the construction herein shown arises from the use of the plate 15 at the bottom of the stand pipe 13, which may be removed for taking);

out. muck and mud from the stand pipe.

By removing one of the plugs 26 and also fill another plug or the plate 15 when the boiler is empty, a. steam line can be attached and steam from another source can be used to "blow out the 'boiler and clean it out also.

It should perhaps be mentioned that the shape of the boiler can be varied as may be desired and need not necessarily be round. It could be built like a horseshoe, elliptical or rectangular with the receptacle 19 varied in shape to insure like distance of travel for all steam.

Changes may be made in the details of the construction and arrangement of the parts of my improved boiler without departing from the essential features and purposes of my invention, and it is my intention to cover by my claims, any modified forms of structure or use of mechanical equivalents, which may be reasonably included within their scope.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a boiler of the class described, a water containing structure, a. plurality of superheating and steam reserve pipes arranged within the outline of said container, generating coils surrounding said pipes communicating at their upper and lower ends with the upper and lower portions of the water container, connecting tubes communicating with the top of the water container and the upper ends of said pipes, a central steam receptacle, tubes connecting the bottoms of said pipes with the bottom of said receptacle and a burner under the central portion of said boiler.

2. In a boiler of the classwater container, a plurality of upright pipes arranged within the outline of said container, generating coils surrounding said pipes and communicating at their upper and lower ends with the upper and lower parts of said container, tubes leading upwardly from the top of said container, tubes communicating with the upper ends of said pipes, fittings connecting the tubes leading from the container to the tubes leading to the pipes, a .central upright receptacle, tubes leading from the bottoms of said firstdescribed pipes to the bottom of said lastdescribed receptacle, the parts, being so connected that by disconnecting said fittings, the pipes and receptacle may be withdrawn from the remainder of the boiler.

3. In a boiler of the class described, a central receptacle, a plurality of pipes arranged around said central receptacle, a water container around said pipes, steam generating coils surrounding said plurality of pipes communicating at their upper and lower ends with said water container, tubes leading upwardly from the top of said water container and communicating with the upper ends of said plurality of pipes, tubes communicating with the lower ends of said plurality of pipes and with the lower end described, a

of said central receptacle, the parts being so arranged that the path of travel from the container through each of said plurality of upright pipes to the central receptacle is of the same length as that through every other of said plurality of pipes.

4:. In a boiler of the class described, a container comprising vertically spaced annular drums and connecting pipes, a stand pipe communicating with said container, a plurality of upright pipes arranged in cir cles within said water container, a central receptacle, heating tubes surrounding said plurality of upright pipes communicating at their upper and lower ends with said water container, a tubular passage leading from the top of said water container to the top of each of said plurality of upright pipes, tubes communicating with the bottoms of said plurality of upright pipes and with the lower end of saidcentral receptacle, and a burner below the central portion of said boiler.

5. In a boiler of the class described, a

water container, a plurality of upright superheating pipes arranged within the container, steam generating coils surrounding said pipes and communicating at their upper and lower ends with the water container,

connecting pipes leading from the upper end of the water container to the upper ends of said first-described pipes, a central upright receptacle, means for conducting steam from said first-described pipes ceptacle, and a burner beneath the said boiler.

6. In a boiler of the water container, a plurality of upright superheating pipes arranged within the outline of said container, steam generating coils surrounding said pipes and communicating at their upper and lower ends with the water container, connecting pipes leading from the upper end of the water container to the upper ends of said first-described pipes, a central upright receptacle,means for conducting steam from said first-described pipes to the bottom of said central receptacle, and a burner beneath said boiler, said water container having screw plugs in its exterior wall opposite the steam pipe coil ends for permitting access thereto.

7. In a boiler of the class described, an upper annular drum, a lower annular drum and pipes connecting the drums, a central steam receptacle, a series of upright pipes communicating at their upper ends with the upper drum and at their lower ends with the lower part of said receptacle, generating coils wound around said upright pipes, communicating at their lower ends with the lower drum and at their upper ends with the upper drum.

Des Moines, Iowa, July 10, 1923.

CARL E. BISHOP.

class described, a

to said central re-

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