US1516082A - Coke oven - Google Patents

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US1516082A
US1516082A US437927A US43792721A US1516082A US 1516082 A US1516082 A US 1516082A US 437927 A US437927 A US 437927A US 43792721 A US43792721 A US 43792721A US 1516082 A US1516082 A US 1516082A
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regenerators
walls
heating
air
conduits
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US437927A
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Cravau Raoul
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10BDESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B5/00Coke ovens with horizontal chambers
    • C10B5/02Coke ovens with horizontal chambers with vertical heating flues

Definitions

  • This invention relates to coke ovens of the regenerative type, that is wherein provision is made for the recovery of heat and for the periodic reversal of currents of gas in the regenerators.
  • the regenerators are each divided into two halves which communicate with one another through the heating flues and are used alternately for heating the air and if necessary the fuel gas, and for recovery of the heat of the burnt gases.
  • each regenerator extends throughout the length of the heating walls and the regenerators ot' even and of odd number are used alternately for heating, and for recovering purposes. With this arrangement the regenerators are alternately connected to the smoke stack; the air entel-ing one end of a regenerator and the burnt, gases escapng through the opposite end of the next regenerator.
  • An advantagte of this arrangement' is the possibility of uniformly heating the walls by alternating the ascending and the descending flues (i. e. the flues with an upward draught and those with a downward draught) while maintaining parallelism beaccordingly.
  • this object is attained by providing all the regenerators with an air inlet at each end thereof so that the air can be admitted simultaneously through both ends of a regenerator, and by branching all the 'regenerators on' two collector galleries so that the escape of the burnt gases can take place simultaneously through both galleries.
  • Preferably such galleries are connected to the regenerators at or near the ends thereof so that the regenerators may be alternately connected with the outside air and with the collector galleries by means of valves.
  • Figure 1 is a Vertical section on line A-B ( Figure 3)
  • Fgure 2 is' a vertical section through the line C-D in Figure 1;
  • F igure 3 is a horizontal section on line In Figures 1-5, a a indicate the cokng.
  • regenerators c'-', 0 c' containing stacks of heat-retaining material leaving at the upper-part of each regenerator a free space or distribution chamber (1 d d* extending .throughout the whole length of the walls.
  • Ducts e e afiord a direct communication between' each regenerator of odd number '0 0 0 and the two adjoining walls and ducts f likewise connect each regenerator ofeven number 0 0 c direct with the two adjoining walls.
  • Each wall comprises a series of pair-s of vertical flues g, h, the flues of each pair communicating with each other at the top. As shown in Fig. 5, the flues g in any heating wall are arranged opposite the flues h in the adja-v cent walls.
  • each flue g opens a duct e and at the bottom of each flue h opens a duet f, so that all the pairs of flues g h of one and the same wall are arranged in parallel between a regenerator of odd number and the adjoining regenerator of even number.
  • the :tuel gas is supplied to the flues of the heating walls through main conduits i, i on which are branched conduits j j and j j provided in the brickwork at the base of the walls.
  • the conduits 55 supply the flues g through the intermediary of tubes 70 terminating at the base of the said fines, and
  • the galleries m, m are preterably placed under the block of ovens and connected to the ends of the regenerators by :tlues n a in such a manner that each fiue n opens into the re enerator next to a conduit o, and that the a ternate opening and closing of the said two passages can be efiected by means of one and the same valve ;0.
  • the arrows 1, 2, 3 indicate the respective paths of the air, fuel gas and products of combustion during this period.
  • Tt will be seen that the circulation of the gaseous currents in the stacks of material takes %lace in a methodical and eflicient man ner. he air passes through the regenerators in an upward direction, and in the downward direction the gases are cooled. Moreover, as the air is heated, it comes in contact with surfaces the temperature of which progressively increases, while as the burnt gases are cooled, they pass between walls of decreasing temperature.
  • each carbonizing chamber is arranged a pair of regenerators of, c 0 and g 9 39 arranged .side by side (Fi re 6) and extending throughout the' who e length of the heating walls'.
  • the regenerators 0 0 0 are used for heating the air and arranged in the same way as in Figures 1-5.
  • regenerators g g 9 a are used for heating the fuel gas.
  • valves p these regenerators are alternately connected at their ends with gas mains y through ppes a; and valves z, and with the collector galleries m m on which all these regenerators are branched.
  • Ductsr and 8 arranged in the same way as the ducts e and f, connect the regenerators g 9 to the flues g and h of the two adoining heating walls.
  • the arrows 1, 2, 3, show re'spectively the travel of the Currents of air, fuel gas and burnt gases during the period in which' the regenerators of even numbers are used for heating the air and the gas, while the regenerators of odd numbers are used for recovering the beat from the products of combustion.
  • a coke ovenof the character described includin a walled bod) structure, a series of alternate arranged coking chambers and heating ues arranged transversely of the bodystructure, a series of transversely arranged regenerators in the walled structure 5 and beneath thecoking chambers and arranged in communication with the heatingflues, conduits provided transversely of the body and leading from opposite walls and arranged transversely beneath the heating flues and' in communication therewith'for controlling the supply of fuel gasthereto, conduits arranged through opposed walls and communicating with the respective ends e of each of the regenerators for permitting the passageof outside air into the respective ends of the regenerators, galleries arranged i at the base of the walled structure trans- ⁇ versely beneath all of the regenerators and each being' arran'ged in communication with therespective ends of each of the regeneraof the regenerators for alternately connecting each of said regenerato'rs to both of said fresh air intake conduits and to both .of said galleries, substantiallv as and for the purposes

Description

Filed Jan. 17
R CRAVAU COKE OVEN 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 1,& 6,082
R. CRAVAU I COKE OVEN .III IIII .4
I I I I I I I II R. CRAVAU COKE OVEN Filed n 17. 1921 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 JW ?lir/"lim AVJVQVJAVM .I
Fgw 18, 1924.
R. cRAvAu COKE OVEN F e l7. 192l 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patenta& Nov. 18, 1924.
RAOUL CRAVAU, OF 'BRUSSELS, BELGIUM.
COKE O'VEN.
Application filed January 17, 1921. Serial No. 437,927.
To all whom 'it may concern: i
Be it known that I, RAOUL CRAVAU, sub ject of the King of the Belgians, residing at Brussels, Belgium, have invented new and useful Improvements in Coke Ovens, of which the following is a specification.
This invention relates to coke ovens of the regenerative type, that is wherein provision is made for the recovery of heat and for the periodic reversal of currents of gas in the regenerators. In most ovens of this type the regenerators are each divided into two halves which communicate with one another through the heating flues and are used alternately for heating the air and if necessary the fuel gas, and for recovery of the heat of the burnt gases. In other coke ovens of the regenerative type', 'however,' each regenerator extends throughout the length of the heating walls and the regenerators ot' even and of odd number are used alternately for heating, and for recovering purposes. With this arrangement the regenerators are alternately connected to the smoke stack; the air entel-ing one end of a regenerator and the burnt, gases escapng through the opposite end of the next regenerator. V i
An advantagte of this arrangement'is the possibility of uniformly heating the walls by alternating the ascending and the descending flues (i. e. the flues with an upward draught and those with a downward draught) while maintaining parallelism beaccordingly.
tween the gaseous Currents' in the stacks of brickwork on the one hand and in'the heating flues on the other hand.
`With this arrangement however a serious difliculty arises in uniformly distributing' the gaseous Currents throughout the regenerators. Thus, on account of the fact that the air enters one end of the chamber through a horizontal conduitv of comparatively small cross-section whence it is`distributed into the regenerator through a series of openings, the current of air rushes at high speed and eddies can hardly be avoided; further the static pressure of the 'air increases as it advances n sadcondut and the distribution of the air is influenced A similar though reverse action takes place at and near the outlet for the burnt gases.
` The object of the present inventiomis to overcome these difiiculties by decreasin the speed of the fluids as they rush into an out of the conduits leading to and from the regenerators, and by reducing the horizontal path they must follow before they reach orafter they leave the stacks of brickwork.
In accordance with this invention this object is attained by providing all the regenerators with an air inlet at each end thereof so that the air can be admitted simultaneously through both ends of a regenerator, and by branching all the 'regenerators on' two collector galleries so that the escape of the burnt gases can take place simultaneously through both galleries. Preferably such galleries are connected to the regenerators at or near the ends thereof so that the regenerators may be alternately connected with the outside air and with the collector galleries by means of valves.
In the accompanying drawings which illustrate by way of example two Constructions according to the invention,
Figure 1 is a Vertical section on line A-B (Figure 3) Fgure 2 is' a vertical section through the line C-D in Figure 1;
F igure 3 is a horizontal section on line In Figures 1-5, a a indicate the cokng.
chambers, the side walls of which are constituted by the hollow walls b b 6 Under the coking clambers are provided regenerators c'-', 0 c' containing stacks of heat-retaining material leaving at the upper-part of each regenerator a free space or distribution chamber (1 d d* extending .throughout the whole length of the walls.
Ducts e e afiord a direct communication between' each regenerator of odd number '0 0 0 and the two adjoining walls and ducts f likewise connect each regenerator ofeven number 0 0 c direct with the two adjoining walls. Each wall comprises a series of pair-s of vertical flues g, h, the flues of each pair communicating with each other at the top. As shown in Fig. 5, the flues g in any heating wall are arranged opposite the flues h in the adja-v cent walls. At the bottom of each flue g opens a duct e and at the bottom of each flue h opens a duet f, so that all the pairs of flues g h of one and the same wall are arranged in parallel between a regenerator of odd number and the adjoining regenerator of even number.
The :tuel gas is supplied to the flues of the heating walls through main conduits i, i on which are branched conduits j j and j j provided in the brickwork at the base of the walls. The conduits 55 supply the flues g through the intermediary of tubes 70 terminating at the base of the said fines, and
the conduits j .supply in the same way the flues h through the intermediary of tubes 76 All the regenerators 0 0 6* are connected with two collector galleries m, m which are used in a permanent manner for exh'austing "the burnt gases. Each regenerator has moreover at each end a conduit 0 which can be connected direct to the outer air. Tn this way advantage is taken of the accessibility of both ends of the re enerators extending throughout the whole ength of the ovens, for the purpose of bringing about simultaneous introduction'of air through their end walls.
The galleries m, m are preterably placed under the block of ovens and connected to the ends of the regenerators by :tlues n a in such a manner that each fiue n opens into the re enerator next to a conduit o, and that the a ternate opening and closing of the said two passages can be efiected by means of one and the same valve ;0.
The operation of the ovens is as 'follows:
Tf for instance the regenerators of even number 0 0 0 are used for heating the air, the regenerators of odd number 630 a being used then to recover the heat of the burnt gases, the valves p are placed so as to close the flues n of the even regenerators, and the conduits o of the Odd regenerators. Cold air passes direct from the outside into all the even regenerators through their two ends and is heated inpassing the stacks of material in the upward direction and evenly distributed throughout the whole length of the heating walls owing to the communication established in each regenerator b the chamber d' which forms above the stac a free space of sumcient section to ensure equilibrium of ressure from one end of the reenerator to t e other. i
T rough the ducts f, f the hot air escapes into the fiues h where it ignites the fuel gas coming from the tubes k. The roducts of eombustion rise in .the walls through the tlues h and descend again through the flues g thus heating the oven very eciently. Through the ducts e, e the burnt gases reach the regenerators 0 0 0 where an equigive od the greater portion of their heat on.
contact with the stacks of material through which they pass in the downward direction., They divide into two equal currents which are drawn simultaneously through the fiuesn Situated at the two ends of the regenerators, 'then through the galleries m which are .in
open communication with the chimney. The arrows 1, 2, 3 indicate the respective paths of the air, fuel gas and products of combustion during this period.
Tt will be seen that the circulation of the gaseous currents in the stacks of material takes %lace in a methodical and eflicient man ner. he air passes through the regenerators in an upward direction, and in the downward direction the gases are cooled. Moreover, as the air is heated, it comes in contact with surfaces the temperature of which progressively increases, while as the burnt gases are cooled, they pass between walls of decreasing temperature.
On the other hand, the air coming direct from the outside through the two ends of the regenerators, does not meet any appreciable resistance; There are no sole 'lues nor horizontal conduits at the top of the heating walls, and the draft of the chimney has to overcome only the resistance met by the gaseous currents after their escape from the heating fiues.
When the stacks of the odd regenerators have been raised to a suf'icient temperature, the direction of travel of the gaseous currents in the heating walls is reversed. To that end, the admis'sion of the fuel gas to "the conduits 7' and which supply the fiues h is cut ofi, the valves of the odd regenerators are raised, the va ves p of the oven regenerators are lowered, and the fuel gas is admitted into the conduits j* and k which feed the flues g. These movements are et- 'fected successively by means of suitable apparatus of well known Construction. i The direction of the gaseous currents `is then reversed in the regenerators and in the heating walls, but the direction of the main currents in the galleries m remains the same.
In that way the reversal of the main currents is avoided, thus dispensing with registers and valves which, in existing ovens, give rise to injurious admission of air, produce resistance to the passage of gaseous currents and bring about by their operation losses of beat owing to the perisodical expulsion of volumes of inert fluids filling the galleries at the moment of each reversal.
The present invention is also apphable to coke ovens heated by poor gas coming for instance from producers or blast furnaces and requirin a preliminary heating. In ths case un er each carbonizing chamber is arranged a pair of regenerators of, c 0 and g 9 39 arranged .side by side (Fi re 6) and extending throughout the' who e length of the heating walls'. The regenerators 0 0 0 are used for heating the air and arranged in the same way as in Figures 1-5. They are connected alternately with the outside air througlrconduts 0, and with the collector galleries m: m through flues n, and they also have a permanent connection to the fiues g and h of the heating walls byducts e and f. The regenerators g g 9 a are used for heating the fuel gas. By .means of valves p these regenerators are alternately connected at their ends with gas mains y through ppes a; and valves z, and with the collector galleries m m on which all these regenerators are branched. Ductsr and 8 arranged in the same way as the ducts e and f, connect the regenerators g 9 to the flues g and h of the two adoining heating walls. The arrows 1, 2, 3, show re'spectively the travel of the Currents of air, fuel gas and burnt gases during the period in which' the regenerators of even numbers are used for heating the air and the gas, while the regenerators of odd numbers are used for recovering the beat from the products of combustion.
What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is: u
1. In coke ovens of the regenerative type, the combination of coking chambers, heating flues in the walls between adjacent chambers, regenerators arranged under said chambers extending over substantially the whole lengh of said walls, upwardly extending ducts connecting said regenerators to said heating flues, conduits in both end walls of each regenerator aording direct communication between the outside air and both ends of 'said regenerators, two galleries arranged in parallel beneath all of the regenerators and at the respective ends thereofl other conduits establishn communication between the 'galleries and t e respective ends of the regenerators and positioned adjacent the first mentioned conduits, and valve members mounted in the regenerators for alternately covering each of said conduits and consequently regulating communication between the regenerators and the galleries and the regenerators and the outside air, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
2. In coke ovens of the regenerative type the combination of coking chambers, heating flues in the walls between the adjacent chambers, regenerators arranged under said chambers and extending over substantially the whole length of the walls, ducts arranged in suitable spaced p intervals throughout the length of said regenerators for directly connecting the regenerators ,to theflues in the' adjacent walls, conduits arranged in both end walls of each regenerator for establish- -ing direct communication between the outarran ged parallel to'each other transversely beneath said regenerators, conduits between the galleries and the respective ends of each of the regenerators, and valves arranged in the ends of the regenerators and cooperating j with the conduits leading from the galleries and the fresh air conduits into the regenerators'` for alternately connecting each'of said regenerators to both of said galleries andto both of said last mentioned conduits, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.
3. A coke ovenof the character described includin a walled bod) structure, a series of alternate arranged coking chambers and heating ues arranged transversely of the bodystructure, a series of transversely arranged regenerators in the walled structure 5 and beneath thecoking chambers and arranged in communication with the heatingflues, conduits provided transversely of the body and leading from opposite walls and arranged transversely beneath the heating flues and' in communication therewith'for controlling the supply of fuel gasthereto, conduits arranged through opposed walls and communicating with the respective ends e of each of the regenerators for permitting the passageof outside air into the respective ends of the regenerators, galleries arranged i at the base of the walled structure trans-` versely beneath all of the regenerators and each being' arran'ged in communication with therespective ends of each of the regeneraof the regenerators for alternately connecting each of said regenerato'rs to both of said fresh air intake conduits and to both .of said galleries, substantiallv as and for the purposes set forth.
In' testimony whereof Ihav signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.
e RAOULCRAVAUQ Witness'es:
HENRY W. PLUcKm, B. M. TmArA'mvr,
tors, and means mounted in the ends' of each
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10253980B2 (en) * 2015-03-26 2019-04-09 Fosbel, Inc. Coke oven corbel structures

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10253980B2 (en) * 2015-03-26 2019-04-09 Fosbel, Inc. Coke oven corbel structures

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