US150537A - Improvement in artificial fuel - Google Patents
Improvement in artificial fuel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US150537A US150537A US150537DA US150537A US 150537 A US150537 A US 150537A US 150537D A US150537D A US 150537DA US 150537 A US150537 A US 150537A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- coal
- fuel
- artificial fuel
- improvement
- soda
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title description 28
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 22
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 235000015450 Tilia cordata Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 12
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 6
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052570 clay Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229940108066 Coal Tar Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011280 coal tar Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10F—DRYING OR WORKING-UP OF PEAT
- C10F5/00—Drying or de-watering peat
Definitions
- the object of my invention is to utilize the coal or fuel now wasted at coal-mines and other places on account of its pulverent or impure character by combining, it with a-cementing or binding principle to form a commercial article of trade, as fuel, flux, 860-
- my invention consists in a compound for artificial fuel consisting of earth or clay, lime, dried peat, and commercial silicate of soda, or soluble glass mixed with the waste coal, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth.
- the ingredients are mixed in the proportion of, earth, eighty parts calcined lime, ten parts; commercial silicate of soda, five parts; and dried peat, five parts, and thoroughly incorporated and reduced to a fine powder through iron rollers, or other suitable machinery.
- the incorporated mass is then made into a thin paste by the addition of hot water or steam.
- the paste thus formed is then ready for mixture with the coal in proportions of five parts of paste to ninety-five parts of coal.
- the coal is first prepared by grinding, and washing if impure, thus:
- the small or waste particles of coal are first separated from impurities by screening, or washing. It is. then ground by rollers to' a fine powder. In this condition it is mixed with the pulp or paste above described in large conical cylinders, in which hollow shafting, with radial hollow arms or knives are rotated having a current of low pressure steam passing through the shaftin g and arms into the mass; or other machinery,
- the objects hereof are, tolubricate the molds; to glaze or varnish the outside of the fuel; to preserve it from moist um; and to aid in the ignition of the fuel.
- the prepared-fuel is then subjected to heat in any desirable place and form to dry and harden.
- the silicate of soda is designed as the cementing principle.
- the mixture of earth and lime with the silicate is to form an inexpensive paste, the silicate of soda acting as the hardening element, and to effect homogeneity or prevent crumbling under combustion.
- peat is not soessential to soft bituminous coals as to the harder anthracite.
- the latter is naturally more denseand difiicult to unite than the former, and requires greater pressure to consolidate, which tends to increase its density and still farther lower its point of ignition.
- the addition of 'peat to the harder varieties of coal is to decrease this density, and to form a comparatively porous mass under combustion.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Description
"UNI ED; STATES SAMUEL H. DADDOW, OF ST. CLAIR, PENNSYLVANIA.
IMPROVEMENT IN ARTIFICIAL FUEL.
I Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 150,537, dated May 5, 1874; application filed March 16, 1874.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, SAMUEL 'HARRIEs DADDOW, of St. Clair, county of Schuylkill and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Artificial Fuel, of which the following is a specification: v
The object of my invention is to utilize the coal or fuel now wasted at coal-mines and other places on account of its pulverent or impure character by combining, it with a-cementing or binding principle to form a commercial article of trade, as fuel, flux, 860- To this end the nature of my invention consists in a compound for artificial fuel consisting of earth or clay, lime, dried peat, and commercial silicate of soda, or soluble glass mixed with the waste coal, as will be hereinafter more fully set forth.
To produce my artificial fuel from the waste of anthracite or bituminous coal-mines, I make a thin paste composed of earth or clay, lime, dried peat, and commercial silicate of soda or soluble glass; or, in place of the commercial soluble glass, calcined silica and commercial soda, in proportion of ninety silica toten soda. The ingredients are mixed in the proportion of, earth, eighty parts calcined lime, ten parts; commercial silicate of soda, five parts; and dried peat, five parts, and thoroughly incorporated and reduced to a fine powder through iron rollers, or other suitable machinery. The incorporated mass is then made into a thin paste by the addition of hot water or steam. The paste thus formedis then ready for mixture with the coal in proportions of five parts of paste to ninety-five parts of coal.
The coal is first prepared by grinding, and washing if impure, thus: The small or waste particles of coal are first separated from impurities by screening, or washing. It is. then ground by rollers to' a fine powder. In this condition it is mixed with the pulp or paste above described in large conical cylinders, in which hollow shafting, with radial hollow arms or knives are rotated having a current of low pressure steam passing through the shaftin g and arms into the mass; or other machinery,
A suitable for the purposeof mixing the plastic mass of coal and pulp and forcing it into molds. The molds, in which the combined fuel is subjectedto heavy pressure,are l ubricated or smeared with the residuum of petro leum-stills, paraffine-varnish, coal-tar, or other suitable varnish, which is kept in a hot condition by the passage of a coil of steam-pipe, or other suitable apparatus, through the tank in which it is held. The objects hereof are, tolubricate the molds; to glaze or varnish the outside of the fuel; to preserve it from moist um; and to aid in the ignition of the fuel.
The prepared-fuel is then subjected to heat in any desirable place and form to dry and harden.
The silicate of soda, or its equivalent, is designed as the cementing principle.
The mixture of earth and lime with the silicate is to form an inexpensive paste, the silicate of soda acting as the hardening element, and to effect homogeneity or prevent crumbling under combustion.
The use of the peat is not soessential to soft bituminous coals as to the harder anthracite. The latter is naturally more denseand difiicult to unite than the former, and requires greater pressure to consolidate, which tends to increase its density and still farther lower its point of ignition. The addition of 'peat to the harder varieties of coal is to decrease this density, and to form a comparatively porous mass under combustion.
I am aware that the waste of coal-mines, or small, coal, has been combined with various ingredients to form artificial fuel and I do therefore not claim such broadly as my invention; but
WhatI claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-
1. The combination, in an artificial fuel, of coal and a paste composed of earth, lime, and soluble glass, or its equivalent, substantially in the manner herein set forth.
2. The combination, in an artificial fuel, of coal and a paste composed of earth,lime, peat, and soluble glass, or its equivalent, substantially in the manner herein set forth.
In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I hereunto aifix my signature this 9th day of March, 1874..
SAMUEL HARBIES Dnnnow.
Witnesses e I SAML. HINEs, MEREDITH L. J ONES.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US150537A true US150537A (en) | 1874-05-05 |
Family
ID=2219950
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US150537D Expired - Lifetime US150537A (en) | Improvement in artificial fuel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US150537A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2432071A (en) * | 1943-06-12 | 1947-12-02 | Alais & Froges & Camarque Cie | Method of activation of red mud from the bayer process |
| US4236897A (en) * | 1978-09-18 | 1980-12-02 | Johnston Ian F | Fuel pellets |
| US8170919B2 (en) | 2008-07-16 | 2012-05-01 | Pipit Interactive, Inc. | Method and system for on-line, real-time, interactive collaborative visualization |
-
0
- US US150537D patent/US150537A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2432071A (en) * | 1943-06-12 | 1947-12-02 | Alais & Froges & Camarque Cie | Method of activation of red mud from the bayer process |
| US4236897A (en) * | 1978-09-18 | 1980-12-02 | Johnston Ian F | Fuel pellets |
| US8170919B2 (en) | 2008-07-16 | 2012-05-01 | Pipit Interactive, Inc. | Method and system for on-line, real-time, interactive collaborative visualization |
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