US1503370A - Internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

F. c.- MARTIN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE July 29 1924. 15035370 me May 16. 1'92: 3 ShN'ats-Sfieel 1 July 29 1924.

F. c. MARTIN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 3 Sheets-$heet 2 Filed May 15 192 July 29, 1924. 1,503,370

- F. c. MARTIN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Fil y 16. x92: 3 Shoots-Sheet s v g) gwuentoz H F 0. Mgkrizn Patented July 29, 192 1.

FRANK c. MARTIN, or PLATTsMoUT NEBRASKA, ASSIGNOR To MATHEW it MARTIN,

or OMAHA, NEBRASKA.

IN TERN AL-GOMBUfivTION ENGINE.

Application filed May 16, 1921. Serial No. 469,791.

:T all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK G. MARTIN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Plattsmouth, in the county of Cass and State of Nebraska, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in an Internal-Combustion Engine; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The object of the invention is to prox ide an internal combustion or explosion engine of the two-cycle valveain-head type wherein the cylinders be built in pairs as in the present approved practice and wherein, while the piston in each cylinder is subjected to the effect of an exploding charge during each forward movement or cycle,

a complete and eliicient scavenging of the cylinder for the removal of the preceding exploded charge may be effected through the introduction of the new charge which is placed under compression before its admission to the cylinder and which therefore enters the cylinder under conditions adapting it to expand in a direction impelling the explosive charge towardflthe exhaust port; to provide an engine of the type indicated wherein the explosive mixture is inducted into and placed under compression in 'an auxiliary or compression cylinder from which it is expelled while under compression into the explosion or power cylinder under conditions assuring a thorough and uniform distribution and intimate mixture of the ingre' dients,gas and air, to the end that a perfect and complete combustion 1s assured when the explosion occurs; and

combination and'relation of parts of which a preferred embodiment is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherem:

Figure'l is a side view partly in section 53 of an engine consisting of four cylinders;

A Figure 8 is a similar view Figure 2 is a plan view of the same,

Figures 3 and 1 are sectional views re spectively on the planes indicated by the lines 3-8 and 4-4: of Figure 1,

Figure 5 is a detail vertical sectional view on the plane indicated by the line 5-5 of Figure 1, I V

Figure 6 is a detail sectional view of one of the intake valves, f

Figure? is asimilar view of one of the compression or auxiliary cylinder exhaust ports;

v of one of the explosion cylinder inlet ports. I The main or power cylinders 10 are preferably arranged in pairs as indicated in F igure 1 with their pistons 11 connected by the 'rod12 to the crank 18 of the crank shaft let arranged in a suitable casing .15 and carrying the usual fiy wheel 16.

Arranged in supporting coaxial relation with the maln or power cylinders are the auxiliary or compression cylinders 17 preferably of larger diameter than the main cylinders and having their pistons or plungers 18 provided "with cylindrical extensions or drums 19 in which the piston rods 12 operate andwhich 'are of even: diameter with the pistons of the 11mm cylinders, said drums or cylindrical extenslons 19 operatlng through packing rings-20 at the lower or inner ends of the vided with the usual or any preferred pacL- ing rings 2% and the peripheries of the compression or auxiliary pistons are provided with similar packing rings 25. The 11121111 cylinders are provided with exhaust ports 26 communicating with a suitable'and preferably common exhaust manifold 27, said exhaust ports being in such a position with relation to the cylinders as to beefficiently exposed when the piston reaches the limit of its downward or inward stroke or cycle as shown in Figure 1.

In the head of each compression or auxiliary cylinder, as indicated in Figure 3 and in detail in Figure 6 there is arranged an intake port 28 which is in valved communication with the intake manifold 29, the valve 30 being of the inwardly opening type held seated by a spring 31 of which the tension may readily be adjusted by means of a suitable nut 32 or the equivalent thereof, the valve being protected by a perforated guard or cage 33 of conical form serving as a spreader and performing the additional function of a mixer or baffle for the explosive mixture supplied by the intake manifold. The cage 33 carries the valve seat 3% and is held in place by a gland nut 35 operating in relation to packing rings 36 and also serving to engage a flange 37 at the inner end of the tubular branch 38 of the intake manifold to insure an efficient and pressure tight joint between the parts, one of the packing rings 36 being arranged between the flange 37, and an annular rib 39 on the cage, and another ring being interposed between the rib 39 and the flange &0 forming the inner wall of the stufling box which is closed at its outer end as above indicated by the gland nut 35.

During each forward or inward stroke of the compression piston which accompanies the corresponding stroke of the main or power piston, a charge of explosive mixture is inducted into the compression cylinder through the inlet port 28 by the unseating through suction of the valve 30 and hence during the power stroke of the main piston operating under the effect of the explosion of a charge in the main cylinder, and upon the return or outward stroke of the compression piston under the influence of a power or explosion stroke of the companion cylinder of the pair of which it forms a member, the charge of explosive mixture previously received is compressed, and in the compressed condition is forced through a reduced outlet port 41 also formed in the head of the compression cylinder and connected by a pipe or suitable conductor 42 with the feed port of the main or power cylinder forming the other member of the pair of twin or companion cylinders. The liberation of the charge in the compression cylinder and its introduction through the conductor L2 into the companion power cylinder however does not occur until after the same has been compressed by the outward stroke of the compression piston which occurs during the power stroke of the pis ton in the companion or twin cylinder. For instance, referring to Figure 1 wherein the cylinder units a and b are shown in section, the piston of the main cylinder of the unit a is shown at the uppermost limit of its stroke as when about to receive the impulse of an explosive charge ignitable in any suitable way as by means of a sparking plug for which purpose a seat 43 is formed in the head of the cylinder, while in the unit I) the pistons are at the innermost limit of their stroke with the compression cylinder having a charge of the explosive mixture inducted thereinto .during the inward stroke of the compression piston 18. The main piston 11 of the unit 6 has just reached the limit of its inward stroke under the influence of the charge exploded in said cylinder and has just exposed the exhaust port 26 while the piston 18 in the companion compression cylinder has compressed its charge and has reached the limit of its upward stroke. The exposure of the exhaust port in the power or main cylinder of the unit I) thus relieves the pressure in said cylinder to permit of the unseating of the valve 44 which. has held back charges of compression cylinder of unit a, and thereupon the said compressed charge enters and expands suddenly in the upper end of the main cylinder, being spread throughout the area of the end of the cylinder by the bathing action of the valve, and rushes through the cylinder to expel the burnt gases incident to the exploded charge. Upon the explosion of the charge previously compressed in the'main or power cylinder of the unit a the relative positions of the parts will be reversed, the piston in the compression cylinder of the unit a inducting a fresh charge of the explosive mixture during the stroke of the piston in the power cylinder of the unit a, the power piston of the unit Z2 compressing the charge of explosive mixture which has previously been introduced thereto'and the piston in the compression cylinder of unit Z) compressing the charge previously inducted thereinto ready for discharge through the conductor 42 into the explosion chamber of the main cylinder of unit a when the piston in the last named cylinder exposes its exhaust port and thus relieves the pressure upon the valve a t controlling the feed port of that cylinder.

In order to insure the efficiency of the scavenging action of the fresh charge introduced under compression from the compression cylinder of one unit intd the explosion chamber or cylinder of the other unit, the discharge end of the conductor 42 is enlarged or expanded as shown at 4:5 and the valve 4L4; is located in its closed or seated position flush with the inner surface of the wall of the cylinder as shown clearly in Figure 8, so that when unseated it serves as a spreader or sprayer which discharges the mixture which is introduced under compression in a spread condition serving by its release and consequent expansion to afford a positive and effective impelling force to drive the burnt gases and products of combustion bodily toward the exhaust port which has been exposed by the position of the power piston. The valve 4a is provided with a stem 46 fitted with a seating spring 47 of which the tension may be adjusted by means of the nut 48 and the seat for the valve is formed in a cage 49 also of conical form as previously described in reference to the cage 33 with suitable perforations or 53 in the wall of the cylinder and the other of which is interposed between a flange 54 formed on the extremity of the funnel or expanded portion of the conductor 42 and the inner end of a gland nut 55.

The end of the conductor 42- which is arranged in communication with the outlet port 41 from the compression cylinder is flanged as shown at 56 and is held in place by a gland nut 57 between which and the flange is interposed a packing ring 58.

Due to the relative arrangement of the elements of each pair of twin or comple mental units it will be obvious that the compression strokes taken simultaneously of the main and compression pistons of one unit occur during the power or explosion impelled stroke of the other unit, the charge being introduced to the compression cylinder of the second named unit during the power stroke of its piston, and when the piston of the second named unit reaches the limit of its power or operative stroke and exposes the exhaust port the scavenging charge of fresh gas already in reserve in the compression cylinder of the companion unit is liberated under such conditions as to completely sweep and scavenge the explosion chamber of said second named unit immediately preparatory to the power stroke of the piston in the first named unit, so that the intervals between the periods during which the crank shaft is directly and positively impelled by the power of the explosions are reduced to the minimum and occur only during the passage of the cranks across the dead center positions when the application of power or pressure thereto is useless. The scavenging of each cylinder occurs during the interval in which the piston is in a practically stationary position at the end of its stroke, and during that interval the previously compressed charge of fresh gas is introduced into the cylinder in which an explosion has just occurred and is permitted to expand and completely fill said cylinder to the substantially perfect exclusion or expulsion of the burnt or spent ases. c Having thus described the invention, what I claim is: I

An internal combustion engine of the twocycle type having twin cooperating units each comprising main and auxiliarycylinders and main and auxiliary pistons operative respectively in the main and auxiliary cylinders, the pistons in the twin units moving in opposing relation and connected to a common crank shaft, the auxiliary cylinders being coaxial with and of greater diameter than the main cylinders to provide an annular ledge engaged by the bases of the main cylinders, an intake manifold arranged at a one side of the main cylinders and above the auxiliary cylinders and having branches leading-into the auxiliary cylinders through openings in said bases and ledges, the openings in said ledges each having an annular flange, valve cages positioned in said openings having annular ribs resting on packing rings carried by the flanges, flanges on the ends of the branches of the intake manifold which extend into the openings, packing nuts clamping said branches and valve cages in place and holding the intake manifold to the engine block, conductors connected with openings in the ledges and having valved communication with the outer ends of the main cylinder, said conductors crossing and leading from the auxiliary cylinder of one unit to the main cylinder of the other unit, and exhaust ports in the sides of the main cylinders and adapted to be uncovered when the main pistons descend a predetermined distance in the cylinders.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature. 1n presence of two witnesses.

FRANK C. MARTIN.

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