US1493191A - Alloy - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- US1493191A US1493191A US601393A US60139322A US1493191A US 1493191 A US1493191 A US 1493191A US 601393 A US601393 A US 601393A US 60139322 A US60139322 A US 60139322A US 1493191 A US1493191 A US 1493191A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- alloy
- boron
- chromium
- alloys
- amounts
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title description 42
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 42
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 21
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 10
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 9
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002738 metalloids Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium Chemical compound [U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U] DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- HRESZHXIKUEPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N B1C=CC=CC=CC=C1 Chemical compound B1C=CC=CC=CC=C1 HRESZHXIKUEPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZAKOWWREFLAJOT-CEFNRUSXSA-N D-alpha-tocopherylacetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C ZAKOWWREFLAJOT-CEFNRUSXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JCYZMTMYPZHVBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Melarsoprol Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(NC=2C=CC(=CC=2)[As]2SC(CO)CS2)=N1 JCYZMTMYPZHVBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003082 abrasive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 alkalis Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009924 canning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013365 dairy product Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004512 die casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013531 gin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OYIKARCXOQLFHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoxaflutole Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(C(F)(F)F)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=C(C2CC2)ON=C1 OYIKARCXOQLFHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010310 metallurgical process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- GALOTNBSUVEISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum;silicon Chemical compound [Mo]#[Si] GALOTNBSUVEISR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002843 nonmetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009428 plumbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/54—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T407/00—Cutters, for shaping
- Y10T407/27—Cutters, for shaping comprising tool of specific chemical composition
Definitions
- the present invention provides an alloy which possesses 'numerous'improved resistant and other properties; its essential components' may be erived from inexpensive ores, Joy-products or other materials; it may comparatlvely' simple methods, andit can be readily and econ'omicallyutilized for the manufacture of many articles for diversified purposes; consequently, the present alloy-has distinct advantages of imlroved properties, ease and economy of pr notion of the alloy itself, and the manufacture ture's, resistance to the corrosive or other actionpf many acids, alkalis, gases, molten metals and metallic and non-metallic comtherefrom of castings, forgings, 'stampin'gs, wire andother articles of general commercial utility.
- trical resistance is particularly resistant to oxidation, corrosion, etc., at low and extremely high temperatureaas well as the rolled, drawn or. stamped, and has high elecaction of many alkalis and acids, either hot in or cold, concentrated or dilute, contains chromium from 20 to 60 per cent, boron 0.25
- the proportions of the component ele- 1 ments may thus be more or less varied, 1 e., a
- the boron content between the chromium content may be between 5and accordingly; and one or more of the essen- 'tial elements may be partially replaced by one or more additional elements. Therefore,
- the proportions of the elements in the alloy stances,'and always highly advantageous for may be determined, to a greater or lessextent, by the requirements of any particular vapglication, conditions of economy, etc.
- the boron may be present in .this alloy as boride of chromium, boride of iron, or in some other form;
- Carbon is frequentl present in the alloy of this invention, an while I may prefer to use an alloy which is free of, or does not contain carbon in excess of 0.25 per cent, in some instances the alloy may contain as much as 1.50 er cent carbon without any of the desired properties being adversely affected. Carbon may be present in combination with one or more metals or metalloids, or in uncombined or graphitic form, and in general it may be regarded as an impurity incidental to manufacture, as its presence does not appear to be of any particular advantage, and may frequently e of disadvantage.
- Silicon may be present in varying amounts, and while I usually prefer an alloy entirely free, or containing less than 1 per cent of silicon, in some instances it may be of advantage to have the silicon content between 1 and 15 per cent.
- the silicon may be present in combination with one or more metals or metalloids, or in some other form.
- the alloys of this invention may also contain sulfur, phosphorus, etc., usually as impurities incidental to manufacture, and the amount of such impurities should preferably be low, i. e., less than 0.50 per cent.
- the alloy of this invention may contain small amounts, e..g., 1 'per cent or less, done or more metals or metalloids in the nature of impurities incidental to manufacture.
- the alloy consists predominantly of iron and chromium, each of which exists-in appreclable amounts; and boron, of course, in
- components'of the present alloy in addition to iron, chromium and boron, varying percentages of one or more metals or metalloids, such as aluminum, beryllium, calcium, cobalt, copper, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, tita- .nium,'tungsten, uranium, vanadium or zirconium.
- metals or metalloids such as aluminum, beryllium, calcium, cobalt, copper, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, tita- .nium,'tungsten, uranium, vanadium or zirconium.
- Such components may be present in amounts between 0.10 and 60 per cent depending largely upon the character of the elements added and the properties de-' sired in the final alloy.
- kilns, driers, stoves, etc. such as doors, grates, supports, rails, rakes, automatic stoker parts, chains, links, tubes, etc.; chemical plant equipment, such as valves,
- pipe, tanks, pumps, etc. for handling sulfuric, acetic and 1 other acids, sodium or potassium hydroxide, sodium chloride, sodium or potassiuf'n cyanide, etc.; equi ment for brewing, distilling, manufacture 0 food products, soap, barre; ladlcs, slag pots, rolls, molds, dies, piercing tips, etc., for the working of metals, glass, etc.; retorts and other equipment for the refining of petroleum, gas producers, metallurgical roasting furnaces, etc.; die casting molds for non-metallic compounds and vulcanizing equipment.
- Castings,iforgings, etc. for railroad and ship equipment and fittings, automobile wheels, bodies, etc., dairy equipment, milk cans, etc., laundry equipment; canning and packing' house: e uipment; mining and metallurgical mac inery, crushers, rolls, ball mills,stamps, etc.; structural members and other equipment for buildings, bridges, radio and power transmission towers, roofs, etc.; cutting and grinding tools, abrasives; hardware, screens, filters, etc., steam and water fittings, plumbing; cutlery and other articles.
- rustless and stainless knives, forks, spoons, etc. such as rustless and stainless knives, forks, spoons, etc.; culinary uten- 'sils of all kinds; wire fencing; sporting goods, guns, golf clubs, etc.; tools and inparting thereto any qualities or character- I istics, e. g., such as increasing the tensile strength, ductility, malleability, etc, and such semi-finished or finished articles may be ground, polished, bufi'ed or otherwise treated for the purpose of making the products more resistant to oxidation, rustmg, corrosion, etc.
- the herein described alloys may be produced by a number of methods, such for example, as by melting together reformed iron, chromium and boron in pre etermined proportions; by adding boron or a boron containing compound, such as boron and calcium, boron and chromium, boron and iron, boron and nickel, boron and aluminum, etc, to a bath containing iron and chromium; or by the more or less simultaneous reduction of predetermined amounts of oxygen or other compounds of iron, chromium and boron.
- methods such for example, as by melting together reformed iron, chromium and boron in pre etermined proportions; by adding boron or a boron containing compound, such as boron and calcium, boron and chromium, boron and iron, boron and nickel, boron and aluminum, etc, to a bath containing iron and chromium; or by the more or less simultaneous reduction of predetermined amounts of oxygen
- Scrap or by-products resulting from the manufacture or industrial application of the alloys of this invention may be recovered by remelting, or other suitable I means.
- the present invention provides alloys possessing numerous improved and advantageous properties, and that the alloys may be composed principally of iron, chromium and boron in vary ing proportions and be entirely or substantially free of impurities; or they may advantageously contain varying amounts of one or more other metals or metalloids alloyed therewith.
- the improved alloys may be used for castings, forgoings and other articles of manufacture, and that such products may beutilized for many difierent applications or purand therefore I do not wish to be to any specific application or product.
- An alloy comprising chromium 5 to 35%; boron in appreciable amounts up to 15%; the balance being principally iron.
- An alloy comprisin chromium 20'to 60%; boron; in apprecia le amounts up to 15%; carbon in appreciable amounts up to 1.50%; the balance being principally 1ron.
- An alloy comprising chromium 5 to 60%; boron in appreciable amounts up to 1.5%; carbon in appreciable amounts up to 1.5% the balance being principally iron.
- An alloy comprising chromium-20 to 60%; boron in appreciable amounts up to 15%; the balance being principally iron.
- An alloy comprising chromium 5 to 60%; boron in appreciable amounts up to 15%; the balance being principally 1ron. 7. An alloy comprising chromium 5 to 60%; boron in appreciable amounts up to 15%; carbon in appreciable amounts up to 1.5%; calcium, tungsten, molybdenum, silicon, aluminum, manganese. nickel, cobalt, vanadium, titanium, uranium, and zirconium in discernble amounts up to 25%; the remainder being principally iron.
- An alloy comprising chromium 5 to 60%; boron in appreciable amounts up to 15% calcium, tungsten, molybdenum; silicon, aluminum, manganese, nickel, cobalt, vanadium, titanium, uranium, and zirconium in appreciable amounts up to 25%; the
- Anralloy comprisin 60%; boronin appreciab e amounts up to 15%; tungsten in appreciable amounts up to 30%; carbon in appreciable amounts up to 1.5%; the balance being principally iron.
- An alloy comprising chromium 5 to 60%; boron in appreciable amounts up to 15%; nickle in appreciable amounts up to 30%; carbon in ap reciable amounts up to p the balance ing principally 1ron.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Description
g be (produced by means of one or more cheap Patented May 6,
' UNITED S'IlATES ,P ATENrdenamazon-o. m. cor-m or naoorrmm, new YORK,
armor.
Io Drawing.
To all whom it may concern:
Be it known that I, ANTHONY G. on Gonraa, a citizen of the United States, and a tageous properties, such for example, as
marked resistance to oxidation at high and. low temperatures, resistance to the action of niany acids and alkalis, high tensile strength, and readiness with which it may 'be cast, machined, forged, rolled, drawn, stamped or otherwim worked;
Various chromium containin alloys have been previously proposed wit the object of roviding metallic products to meet specia requirements, but the properties have usually been so restricted as to render the alloys unsuitable for-general commercial ap-, plication, and the use of these has been further limited by reason of thehigh cost of essential components, metallurgical difiiculties in production of the alloys, difiiculties in the manufacture or products therefrom, etc. i
The present inventionprovides an alloy which possesses 'numerous'improved resistant and other properties; its essential components' may be erived from inexpensive ores, Joy-products or other materials; it may comparatlvely' simple methods, andit can be readily and econ'omicallyutilized for the manufacture of many articles for diversified purposes; consequently, the present alloy-has distinct advantages of imlroved properties, ease and economy of pr notion of the alloy itself, and the manufacture ture's, resistance to the corrosive or other actionpf many acids, alkalis, gases, molten metals and metallic and non-metallic comtherefrom of castings, forgings, 'stampin'gs, wire andother articles of general commercial utility. i r v I have found that by alloying or otherwise intimately combiningiwn and chromium with a comparatively small amount of boron, e. g., 15 per-cent or less of the weight "Application as mumm- 1a, 192:. Serial I0. 501,393,
of the final ,alloy, I obtain products of a metallic character which not only possess materially improved resistant vand other properties, as compared to heretofore known alloys or metallic products, but in many mstances possess advantagedus qualities not found in such other alloys or products. For example, an alloy combining high tensile strength, resistance to. oxidation, rusting,
perature, resistance to' the action of .many metals and nonmetals, such as carbon, sulfur, etc., many organic and inorganic compounds, and which may be readily cast, machined, welded, forged, rolled, drawn,
corrosion, etc., over a wide range of temstamped or otherwise worked, contains chro- I miu'm from 5 to 35 per cent, boron from 0.25 to 15 per cent and virtually all of the balance iron; or an alloy which possess many of the above important qualities, but, in some instances, is not as readily machined,
trical resistance, is particularly resistant to oxidation, corrosion, etc., at low and extremely high temperatureaas well as the rolled, drawn or. stamped, and has high elecaction of many alkalis and acids, either hot in or cold, concentrated or dilute, contains chromium from 20 to 60 per cent, boron 0.25
to .15 per cent and virtually all of the'bal ance iron.
The proportions of the component ele- 1 ments may thus be more or less varied, 1 e., a
60 per cent and the boron content between the chromium content may be between 5and accordingly; and one or more of the essen- 'tial elements may be partially replaced by one or more additional elements. Therefore,
the proportions of the elements in the alloy stances,'and always highly advantageous for may be determined, to a greater or lessextent, by the requirements of any particular vapglication, conditions of economy, etc.
, oron appears to be essential in many inr imparting to the presentalloy various definite properties and characteristics, such 'for example, as increased" tensile strength,
marked resistance to oxidation, rusting, scaling, burning, etc., at low and high tempera- 'n'ous.ingots and castings; and such boron containing alloys may cast, forged, me-
chined, rolled, drawn, stamped or otherwise worked more satisfactorily and economically than alloys which contain chromium, but not boron. The boron may be present in .this alloy as boride of chromium, boride of iron, or in some other form;
Carbon is frequentl present in the alloy of this invention, an while I may prefer to use an alloy which is free of, or does not contain carbon in excess of 0.25 per cent, in some instances the alloy may contain as much as 1.50 er cent carbon without any of the desired properties being adversely affected. Carbon may be present in combination with one or more metals or metalloids, or in uncombined or graphitic form, and in general it may be regarded as an impurity incidental to manufacture, as its presence does not appear to be of any particular advantage, and may frequently e of disadvantage.
Silicon may be present in varying amounts, and while I usually prefer an alloy entirely free, or containing less than 1 per cent of silicon, in some instances it may be of advantage to have the silicon content between 1 and 15 per cent. The silicon may be present in combination with one or more metals or metalloids, or in some other form.
The alloys of this invention may also contain sulfur, phosphorus, etc., usually as impurities incidental to manufacture, and the amount of such impurities should preferably be low, i. e., less than 0.50 per cent.
It will therefore be understood that the alloy of this invention may contain small amounts, e..g., 1 'per cent or less, done or more metals or metalloids in the nature of impurities incidental to manufacture.
The alloy consists predominantly of iron and chromium, each of which exists-in appreclable amounts; and boron, of course, in
appreciable amounts u to 15% is an essential conxifonent of t e alloy of this in vention. owever, other metals-or metalloids may be desired in the alloy for the purpose of giving it special characteristics or properties for special uses.
In some instances it may be of advantage to use as components'of the present alloy, in addition to iron, chromium and boron, varying percentages of one or more metals or metalloids, such as aluminum, beryllium, calcium, cobalt, copper, magnesium, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, silicon, tita- .nium,'tungsten, uranium, vanadium or zirconium. Such components may be present in amounts between 0.10 and 60 per cent depending largely upon the character of the elements added and the properties de-' sired in the final alloy. Thus, as a means 7 of increasing tensile strength, malleability,
resistant properties, degree of hardness, melting point, electrlcal resistance, or for Castings, forgings and other manufactured articles subjected to high'temperatures, the action of carbon, alkalis, salts, many acids, gases containing sulfur, etc., and sudden or intermittent cooling; such as carbonizing and annealing boxes or containers; melting pots for lead, copper, type metals, other metals or alloys, cyanides, nitrates, hydroxides, carbonates, salts, etc.,yalves and other parts for internalcombustion and other types of ensulfates,
gines and motors; parts for furnaces, ovens,
kilns, driers, stoves, etc., such as doors, grates, supports, rails, rakes, automatic stoker parts, chains, links, tubes, etc.; chemical plant equipment, such as valves,
pipe, tanks, pumps, etc., for handling sulfuric, acetic and 1 other acids, sodium or potassium hydroxide, sodium chloride, sodium or potassiuf'n cyanide, etc.; equi ment for brewing, distilling, manufacture 0 food products, soap, fete; ladlcs, slag pots, rolls, molds, dies, piercing tips, etc., for the working of metals, glass, etc.; retorts and other equipment for the refining of petroleum, gas producers, metallurgical roasting furnaces, etc.; die casting molds for non-metallic compounds and vulcanizing equipment.
Castings,iforgings, etc., for railroad and ship equipment and fittings, automobile wheels, bodies, etc., dairy equipment, milk cans, etc., laundry equipment; canning and packing' house: e uipment; mining and metallurgical mac inery, crushers, rolls, ball mills,stamps, etc.; structural members and other equipment for buildings, bridges, radio and power transmission towers, roofs, etc.; cutting and grinding tools, abrasives; hardware, screens, filters, etc., steam and water fittings, plumbing; cutlery and other articles. such as rustless and stainless knives, forks, spoons, etc.; culinary uten- 'sils of all kinds; wire fencing; sporting goods, guns, golf clubs, etc.; tools and inparting thereto any qualities or character- I istics, e. g., such as increasing the tensile strength, ductility, malleability, etc, and such semi-finished or finished articles may be ground, polished, bufi'ed or otherwise treated for the purpose of making the products more resistant to oxidation, rustmg, corrosion, etc.
The herein described alloys may be produced by a number of methods, such for example, as by melting together reformed iron, chromium and boron in pre etermined proportions; by adding boron or a boron containing compound, such as boron and calcium, boron and chromium, boron and iron, boron and nickel, boron and aluminum, etc, to a bath containing iron and chromium; or by the more or less simultaneous reduction of predetermined amounts of oxygen or other compounds of iron, chromium and boron.
I do not claim herein any of the improved metallurgical processes for the production of the alloys of the resent invention, as these form the sub ect matter of additional applications.
Scrap or by-products resulting from the manufacture or industrial application of the alloys of this invention may be recovered by remelting, or other suitable I means.
' poses,
confined in the use of the improved alloys It will be evident that the present invention provides alloys possessing numerous improved and advantageous properties, and that the alloys may be composed principally of iron, chromium and boron in vary ing proportions and be entirely or substantially free of impurities; or they may advantageously contain varying amounts of one or more other metals or metalloids alloyed therewith.
It will further be evident that the improved alloys may be used for castings, forgoings and other articles of manufacture, and that such products may beutilized for many difierent applications or purand therefore I do not wish to be to any specific application or product.
1.50%,tl1e balancebeing principally iron.
2. An alloy comprising chromium 5 to 35%; boron in appreciable amounts up to 15%; the balance being principally iron.
3. An alloy comprisin chromium 20'to 60%; boron; in apprecia le amounts up to 15%; carbon in appreciable amounts up to 1.50%; the balance being principally 1ron.
4. An alloy comprising chromium 5 to 60%; boron in appreciable amounts up to 1.5%; carbon in appreciable amounts up to 1.5% the balance being principally iron.
5. An alloy comprising chromium-20 to 60%; boron in appreciable amounts up to 15%; the balance being principally iron.
6. An alloy comprising chromium 5 to 60%; boron in appreciable amounts up to 15%; the balance being principally 1ron. 7. An alloy comprising chromium 5 to 60%; boron in appreciable amounts up to 15%; carbon in appreciable amounts up to 1.5%; calcium, tungsten, molybdenum, silicon, aluminum, manganese. nickel, cobalt, vanadium, titanium, uranium, and zirconium in apreciable amounts up to 25%; the remainder being principally iron.
8. An alloy comprising chromium 5 to 60%; boron in appreciable amounts up to 15% calcium, tungsten, molybdenum; silicon, aluminum, manganese, nickel, cobalt, vanadium, titanium, uranium, and zirconium in appreciable amounts up to 25%; the
, remainder being princi ally 1ron.
P chromium 5 to 9. Anralloy comprisin 60%; boronin appreciab e amounts up to 15%; tungsten in appreciable amounts up to 30%; carbon in appreciable amounts up to 1.5%; the balance being principally iron. p
10. An alloy comprising chromium 5 to 60%; boron in appreciable amounts up to 15%; nickle in appreciable amounts up to 30%; carbon in ap reciable amounts up to p the balance ing principally 1ron.
a ANTHONY G. DE GOLYER.
Priority Applications (1)
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US601393A US1493191A (en) | 1922-11-16 | 1922-11-16 | Alloy |
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US601393A US1493191A (en) | 1922-11-16 | 1922-11-16 | Alloy |
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US1493191A true US1493191A (en) | 1924-05-06 |
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ID=24407310
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US601393A Expired - Lifetime US1493191A (en) | 1922-11-16 | 1922-11-16 | Alloy |
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Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2744009A (en) * | 1951-07-30 | 1956-05-01 | Crucible Steel Co America | Ni-cr hard facing alloys |
US2757084A (en) * | 1955-05-20 | 1956-07-31 | Coast Metals Inc | Alloy compositions |
DE1089792B (en) * | 1957-02-08 | 1960-09-29 | Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag | Use of a steel for sintered, porous, corrosion-resistant bodies and processes for their production |
DE1178220B (en) * | 1955-12-05 | 1964-09-17 | Hadfields Ltd | The use of a steel alloyed with boron as a material for objects that must have a high neutron absorption coefficient |
US3230097A (en) * | 1962-05-31 | 1966-01-18 | Gen Electric | Coating composition |
US3275426A (en) * | 1963-04-17 | 1966-09-27 | Eaton Yale & Towne | Wear resistant coating composition on a valve for internal combution engine |
US3334996A (en) * | 1966-12-13 | 1967-08-08 | Xaloy Inc | Hard, wear-resistant ferrous alloy |
US3340047A (en) * | 1962-12-08 | 1967-09-05 | Bofors Ab | Forgeable corrosion-resisting steel with high neutron-absorption capacity |
US3382065A (en) * | 1967-10-06 | 1968-05-07 | Caterpillar Tractor Co | Stainless steel metal-to-metal high speed seals |
US3711909A (en) * | 1970-12-14 | 1973-01-23 | Chromalloy American Corp | Tire rasp |
US4235630A (en) * | 1978-09-05 | 1980-11-25 | Caterpillar Tractor Co. | Wear-resistant molybdenum-iron boride alloy and method of making same |
US4402745A (en) * | 1981-04-27 | 1983-09-06 | Marko Materials, Inc. | New iron-aluminum-copper alloys which contain boron and have been processed by rapid solidification process and method |
US4405368A (en) * | 1981-05-07 | 1983-09-20 | Marko Materials, Inc. | Iron-aluminum alloys containing boron which have been processed by rapid solidification process and method |
WO1994000253A1 (en) * | 1992-06-19 | 1994-01-06 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Rolls for metal shaping |
EP0763142A1 (en) * | 1994-05-30 | 1997-03-19 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Iron-chromium-boron alloy for glass manufacturing tools |
AU684708B2 (en) * | 1992-06-19 | 1998-01-08 | Akers International Ab | Rolls for metal shaping |
US20030099566A1 (en) * | 2001-11-28 | 2003-05-29 | Lakeland Kenneth Donald | Alloy composition and improvements in mold components used in the production of glass containers |
US20110294636A1 (en) * | 2008-04-22 | 2011-12-01 | Stefan Lechner | Roll for supporting and conveying hot material, process for producing the roll, process for repairing a worn roll, weld filler and welding wire for producing a build-up weld |
-
1922
- 1922-11-16 US US601393A patent/US1493191A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (21)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2744009A (en) * | 1951-07-30 | 1956-05-01 | Crucible Steel Co America | Ni-cr hard facing alloys |
US2757084A (en) * | 1955-05-20 | 1956-07-31 | Coast Metals Inc | Alloy compositions |
DE1178220B (en) * | 1955-12-05 | 1964-09-17 | Hadfields Ltd | The use of a steel alloyed with boron as a material for objects that must have a high neutron absorption coefficient |
DE1089792B (en) * | 1957-02-08 | 1960-09-29 | Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Ag | Use of a steel for sintered, porous, corrosion-resistant bodies and processes for their production |
US3230097A (en) * | 1962-05-31 | 1966-01-18 | Gen Electric | Coating composition |
US3340047A (en) * | 1962-12-08 | 1967-09-05 | Bofors Ab | Forgeable corrosion-resisting steel with high neutron-absorption capacity |
US3275426A (en) * | 1963-04-17 | 1966-09-27 | Eaton Yale & Towne | Wear resistant coating composition on a valve for internal combution engine |
US3334996A (en) * | 1966-12-13 | 1967-08-08 | Xaloy Inc | Hard, wear-resistant ferrous alloy |
US3382065A (en) * | 1967-10-06 | 1968-05-07 | Caterpillar Tractor Co | Stainless steel metal-to-metal high speed seals |
US3711909A (en) * | 1970-12-14 | 1973-01-23 | Chromalloy American Corp | Tire rasp |
US4235630A (en) * | 1978-09-05 | 1980-11-25 | Caterpillar Tractor Co. | Wear-resistant molybdenum-iron boride alloy and method of making same |
US4402745A (en) * | 1981-04-27 | 1983-09-06 | Marko Materials, Inc. | New iron-aluminum-copper alloys which contain boron and have been processed by rapid solidification process and method |
US4405368A (en) * | 1981-05-07 | 1983-09-20 | Marko Materials, Inc. | Iron-aluminum alloys containing boron which have been processed by rapid solidification process and method |
WO1994000253A1 (en) * | 1992-06-19 | 1994-01-06 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Rolls for metal shaping |
AU684708B2 (en) * | 1992-06-19 | 1998-01-08 | Akers International Ab | Rolls for metal shaping |
US6171222B1 (en) | 1992-06-19 | 2001-01-09 | Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research Organisation | Rolls for metal shaping |
EP0763142A1 (en) * | 1994-05-30 | 1997-03-19 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Iron-chromium-boron alloy for glass manufacturing tools |
EP0763142A4 (en) * | 1994-05-30 | 1997-09-17 | Commw Scient Ind Res Org | Iron-chromium-boron alloy for glass manufacturing tools |
US20030099566A1 (en) * | 2001-11-28 | 2003-05-29 | Lakeland Kenneth Donald | Alloy composition and improvements in mold components used in the production of glass containers |
US20110294636A1 (en) * | 2008-04-22 | 2011-12-01 | Stefan Lechner | Roll for supporting and conveying hot material, process for producing the roll, process for repairing a worn roll, weld filler and welding wire for producing a build-up weld |
US8845501B2 (en) * | 2008-04-22 | 2014-09-30 | Siemens Vai Metals Technologies Gmbh | Process for producing a roll for supporting and conveying hot material, process for repairing a worn roll |
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