US1488531A - Steam generator - Google Patents

Description

H. CRUSE STEAM GENERATOR April 1, 1924.

Filed May 23, 1921 I -2 Sheets-Sheet 1 O O 0 0 O 0 April 1 1924. I 1,488,531

H. CRUSE STEAM GENERATOR Filed May 25 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Apr. 1, 1924.

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PATENT 'icE.

HENRY CEUSE, OF MANCHESTER, ENGLAND.

STEAM GENERATOR.

Application filed Kay 28, 1921. Serial no. 471,941.

This invention relates to a new or. im-J proved steam generator especiall adapted to be fired by oil,.g as, pulverize fuel and the like.

My invention comprises in its simplest ele-' ments a vertical outer cylindrical shell terminating in a dome at its upper end, tube plates or rings near the base of the shell and at the base of the dome, fire or gas tubes connecting the tube plates or rings,an inner cylindrical shell or combustion chamber concentric or eccentric to the outer shell of the boiler, the lower end'of which is connected to the lower tube plate or ring whilst its upper endfterminates in a dome of larger than, or of the same diameter as, the inner shell, such dome bein located well below the normal water level 0 the boiler and suitably connected at the base with the top of the furnace flue or inner shell, fire or gas tubes connecting the combustion chamber dome to the lower tube plate or ring, and fire or gas to pass outer she tubes connecting the latter to the upper end of'the nerator, suitable flues for guiding the predicts of combustion in their passa e from the combustion chamber-through t e fire and gas tubes of the boiler; improvements in the construction of the outer shell of the boiler; means to allow the heated gases-and particularly those resulting from the burnin' of pulverized or atomized fuel om the lower end of the combustion chamber into an annular flue and thence u the fire or gas tubes within the of the boiler to the smoke chamber of the latter; a vertical tuyere burner or atomizer for the fuel within the combustion chamber at its lower end or a tuyere or burner arranged in any other suitable way for efliciently controlling and directing the fuel to be burned; improvements in the arrangement of thelower end of the boiler shell and combustion chamber, respectively; means for receiving and discharging ash, dust or the like and slag or carbon from the combustion chamber; an im roved form of combustion chamber includmg means for staying it to the outer shell of the boiler; an

ash and soot-catching device arranged at the upper end of the smoke chamber and the combinatlon with the combustion chamber and steam and water space of the generator of an anti-priming device or steam dryer or superheater situate in the steamy chamber, and, or in aportion of the water area of the boller, whereby the steam is dried or superheated on its amage from the steam area of the boiler y means of a portion of the gases of combustion drawn from the combustion dome and travelling through and beyond the steam dome into the smoke chamber, or smoke stack.

My invention will be fully described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which-' 1 Fig. 1, is a vertical section of a boiler arranged in accordance with my invention,

Fig. 2, vertical section of a boiler of modified construction, showing the fuel burner and means for collecting and conve ing away the ash and soot from the smoke liox. Fig. 3, vertical section to an enlarged scale of the lower portionof the boiler showing and fine.

'80 another modification of the tuyere chamber Fig. 4, half sectional plan of boiler on line 44 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5, half sectional plan of boiler on hne 5-5 0f Fig. 2.

Fig. 6, sectional plan of feed water heater 1 on line 66 of Fig. 2, and

Fig. 7, sectional plan of boiler on line 7--7 of Fig. 2.

In all the foregoing figures like parts are indicated by the same reference characters.

In accordance with the form of my invention, shown in Fig. 1, I construct the boiler as follows The shell a of the boiler is vertical and cylindrical. The boiler top is formed of a cylindrical steam dome b of suitable shape,

connected at its base to the shell a by means of a pressed or wrought steel annular ring a, or rin s, or tube plate or plates. The bottom 0 the boiler is formed of a pressed -or wrought steel annular ring (1, or rings,

or a tube plate or plates, the outermost flange of the ring being connected to the outer shell (1 and the innermost flan e being connected to the bottom end of the urnace or fire flue or combustion chamber e.- Y

At the top the combustion chamber is crowned by a cylindrical dome or combus- Bil to the. steam s ace :5 o tubes u are p aced inside the fire tube 0,

tion chamber f of suitable sha e, the base 9 of which is attached to the com ustion chamber e by a pressed or wrought steel annular ring or rings or a tube plate It, or plates. The crown i of the dome is well below the water level of the boiler. Fire or gas tubes 7' are suitably fitted at one end into the ring or rings or tube plate It, or plates, at the to of the furnace or fire flue, and at the at or end into the inner ring or rings or tube plate d or plates, forming part of the bottom of the boiler, the tubes 7' connecting these top and bottom tube plates together, and also they connect the combustion chamber or dome f to the flue is beneath the boiler. Fire or gas tubes m are, insimilar manner, fitted to connect together the outer-' annular top and bottom rin or tube plates and d, and also the flue k, neath the boiler to the smoke chamber at above the boiler.

An anti-priming and steam drying or superheating device is provided in the followin manner A lire tube 0 of suficient diameter rises from the dome f of the combustion chamber e with which it issuitably connected at to the steam dome b, to the crown b of w ich latter it is convenientl attached at It is shrouded or encased y a tube r of arger diameter to form an annulus s for steam around it for a suitable portion of its length, the top of the encasin tube r being open the boiler. Steam the inlet ends 'v of which are ex anded into its shell, thus opening into t e annulus. These steam tubes are expanded at the top into a tube plate to to which is secured the steam discharge pipe m. The gases from the fire tube 0 gain egress to the smoke cham her a through suitable openings y, 1n the tube 0.

Removable screwed plu 2, are secured in the tube 7* opposite the inletends of the steam tubes a.

The smoke chamber a is arranged around and above the top of the boiler where the gases assemble and travel to the chimney above. In this smoke chamber are, or may be, arranged a suitable feed water heater 3 and (or) a superheater, either or both pref crably formed of rings 4:, or their equivalent of steel tubing.

- wit The bottom shell ring of the boiler is prolon ed for a suitable distance and lined refractory material 5 to form a chamber or flue k for the passage of the down ward ases from the combustion chamber througli the inner ring or rings of tubes to the outer ring or rings of tubes, which lead to the smoke chamber n-above' the boiler.

Beneath the lower end of the boiler is a chamber 6 Figs. 2 and 3 in which is placed the means for supplying the fuel to the burner or tuyere 7.

num er In the boiler as described the fuel from the burner or tuyere 7 is projected upwards through the lower combustion' chamber into the combustion dome, so heating them, the heated gases thence passing downthe first series of fire tubes nearest the combustion chamber to the flue beneath the boiler and thence up the outer series of fire tubes to the smoke chamber above the boiler, thus heating the tubes and in conjunction with the heated shell of the combustion chamber and nulus between the fire tube and its encasing I tube, and thence along the steam tubes or coils within the fire tube to the steamdischarge pipe and in this way becomes dried and superheated. Again, the main furnace gases on their exit from the boiler impinge directly on the tubes of the feed water heater so heating the water circulating through them.

In the construction of boiler already described the main furnace gases pass from the combustion dome downwardly through fire tubes in the water space of the boiler outside the lower combustion or furnace chamber, thence into an annular fiue and up another series of fire tubes to the smoke chamber. In Fig. 2 and Figs. 4 to 7 I have shown a boiler more particularly designed for using pulverized or atomized fuel in which the heated gases due to its combustion are projected u ward and centrally of the ;furnace or com ustion chamber and thence in an enveloping stream downwardly to the lower end 0 the chamber into an annular due at the base of the boiler and finally in an upward direction through fire tubes within the boiler shell to the smoke box as before, part of the fises also passing through a central fire tu forming part of the superheater as before: r

In this modified construction the combustion chamber e is made cylindrical for the whole of its length and is fitted at its upper end with a dome f of substantially the'same diameter. The lower end of the shell e of the combustion chamber may likewise be extended below the tube plate d or lates, or preferably by an attached extens1on'.8 located between itself and the outer shell a of the boiler, such extension being provided with a number of passages 9 throughv which the heated gases on their downward return fiow can pass into an annular flue 10 located between such extension and a downward and preferably attached extension 11 of the outer shell a of the boiler to correspond the combustion chamber '8.

. e en therewith, so that the gases may pass upwardly through the fire tubes on within t a boiler shell a as previously described. The lower part of the combustion chamber is lined internally with refractory material 12 which extends from the lower end of the chamber upwardly for a suitable distance above the level of the tube plate d. This refractory lining is conveniently supported and is likewise provided with passages 13 for the heated gases corresponding to passages 9 in the extended lower portion 8 of The inner surface of the boiler. shell, or its attached extension 11, below the tube plate d to its extreme lower end is likewise lined with refractory material 14. In addition, thebase 15 of the outer extension 11 may be made conical and in fixed or removable sections in order that ash, slag or carbon may easily flow or fall down towards the axial centre of the lower end of the combustion chamber 0. This conical portion is also lined with refractory material 16. I prefer to make the two extensions 8 and 11 detachable from their res ective shells 1V and e so as to enable them to e replacedwhen uired without interfering with the lower en of the boiler shell and the lower end of the combustion chamber. The arrangement also enables the extensions to be made from plates of thinner material. Both extensions may be suitably connected to each other and be independently supported without being connected to the boiler and combustion chamber shells. Such an independently supported arrangement is shown in Fig. 3, wherein theouter extension 11 is en ported by angle rings 17 fixed to stander 18 by whic structure is an ported from brackets 19 studded to the s ell a. The base of the annular fiue and likewise the inner extension 8 is carried by brackets 20 from the outer extension 11.

In Fig. 2 and Figs. 4 to Z the detail con struction of the combustion chamber is of novel form, consistin in constructin it of vertical segmental pl lates 21 each a outwardly at 22 wit in the annulus 23 1etween the combustion chamber 0 and the boiler shell a, caulking strips 24 being located between the flan es so as to constitute vertical Adamson anges. The caulking strips 24 are suficientl wide to extend beyond the outer edges 0 the flanges 22 of the segmental plates 21 to allow such stri s to form art of the means for staying the iler and combustion chamber shells a and e radially together. This is done by securingto the strips 24 the inner ends of stays 25,

the outer ends of which are, in turn, suitably attached to theinner surface of the boiler shell a.

The bottom tube plate of the combustion do in g; secured the whole boiler together instead of being a complete sing}: unit. 7 Also the segmental plates 21 may plain as shown or be vertically-corrugated I and in either case be formed with T-pieces e to which the stays 25 are connected.

Located within the lower end of the combustion chamber e is a vertical tuyre burner or atomizer 7 for directing the flow of the fuel to be burned in a central vertical stream, thou h I would'have it understood that any ot er suitable arrangement of.

roducts of combustion rise up the centre 0 the combustion chamber, towards or against the under surface of the dome at the top of the latter and thence flow downward enveloping the. centralup-Q,

ward stream and along the shell of the omj-.

bustion chamber through theperforati'ons near the base of the latter into the annular flue and then upwardly through the outer series of fire tubes within theoutersh ll'o'f the boiler into the smoke chamber. There is thus obtained most eficient combustion and bility of short-circuitin the heated ases at the upper or lower en of the com ustion chaul ri H The means for receivin and distribution of the heat without any possi ash, dust or the like, car on and slag' are shown in Fig.2 and consistin the employ--- ment of an inclined tra the aforesaid extension be supported from the tuyere'or burner 7 as 27 locatedbelow on; the-boiler and combustion chamber shells". Suchtray may shown or may be other supported within the tuyere chamber 6 below. the exten-.

sions.

The ash and soot catching device isshown in Fig. 2, and comprises a suitably shaped tray 29 located within the up or end of the smoke chamber a and suita 1y supported therefrom. This tray is convenient y arranged in the'smoke chamber in such she and position that the gases from the boi er will expand in the space 30 above the tray and thus release the solid matters in suspension which then fall into the tray. The shape of the tray is such that the ash and soot falls towards its lowest point 31 which is provided with a convenient form of con veyor 32 or equivalent device by which the deposited material may be continuously or intermittently remove The form of superheater device hereinbefore described may be constructed in accord ance' with the modifications described in my a plication for patent filed on May 23, 1921,

erial Number 471,.

The boilers hereinbefore described are erected on suitable foundations in which are arranged the gas flues, fines for the apparatus supplying the fuel, a furnace chamber,

and also fines for the examination or the boiler and for cleaning and other purposes. They are also provided with all necessary manholes and doors, gauges, valves and other fittings.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In a steam generator, a boiler shell, a combustion chamber arranged in the lower part of the shell, an annular fire flue arranged below the boiler shell, a smoke chamber arranged above the boiler shell, a vertical fire tube having its lower end secured to the top of the combustion chamber and its upper end portion projecting above the top of the boiler shell and provided with an outlet for a portion of the products of combustion which communicates with the said smoke chamber, a fuel supply pipe rejecting centrally of the combustion c amber, means for conducting a portion of the products of combustion from the combustion chamber into the said annular fire due, and smoke outlet tubes which connect the said annular fire flue with the said smoke chamber; V I 2. The combination, with a steam generator as set forth in claim 1, of a steam dome secured to'the boiler shell and forming an annular space in the said smoke chamber 'dir'ectl over the said smoke outlet tubes,

and a eed water heater arranged in the said annular space.

3. In a steam %enerator, a boiler shell, a combustion chain er arranged in the lower boiler shell, '1

smoke outlet tubes secured between the said annular fire flue and the top of the boiler v Ell shell.

4. The combination, with a steam generator as set forth in claim 3, of means for supporting the boiler shell-secured directly to the boiler shell, and separate means for su porting the annular fire flue inde endent y of its attachment to the boiler she I.

5. The combination, with a steam generator as set forth in claim 3, of an inclined tray for receiving the ashes secured to the said fuel su ply pipe and arranged below the said com%ustion chamber,

6. A steam nerator as set forth in claim 3, in which 5:; main rtion of the said combustion chamber is ormed of a series of vertical se mental plates secured together by outwa ly projecting flanges, and sta s secured between the said flanges'and t e In testimony whereot l have hereunto set my hand.

a nanny cause,

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