US1488225A - Method of ventilation - Google Patents

Description

March' 25 '1924.1

1,488,225 BAETZ METHOD'OF VENTILATION Filed May 5 1920 2 vSlflee'Ls-Sheec 1 l WWA/5555:

/A/VENTR.

March 25 1924..'

' H. BAETZ METHOD oF VENTILATION Filed May 5, 1920 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ill m Maarre im: I o

HENRY BAETZ, O'F ST. LOIS, MISSOURI.

' nmrion or vEN'rrLATIoN.

Application led May 5,

-To all whom it may concern Be itknown that I, HENRY BAETZ, a citizen of the United States, residing at St. Louis, State of Missouri, have invented 'certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of Ventilation, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description, reference being had to thc accompanying drawings, forming a part hereof.

The present invention is directed to improvements in ventilation, the object primarily sought being to introduce fresh air into the room to be ventilated in such a manner as to enable the occupants to inhale and be surrounded by air which has not come in contact with the walls, floor or ceiling. A further object is to temper the outside air before discharging the same into the room, but not heating it to a higher degree than nature subjects it to, in order that the person breathing the air may obtain the same refreshing and invigorating effect as would be obtained outdoors when the temperature is between 65 and 70 degrees. A further object is to deliver into the room fresh outside air warmed or tempered to various degrees that harmonize with the different degrees existing between the floor and ceiling vof the room. This last object is attained by recognizing the presence of more or less defined zones of temperature in a heated room undergoing ventilation, and tempering the incoming air to harmonize with these zones. For example, an average room temperature of about 70 degrees Fahrenheit is considered comfortable, and when a thermometer which is hung about live feet above the Hoor registers that degree, the bodily comfort of the occupant is amply provided for. In this room it will be found that near the ceiling the thermometer will register considerably higher, probably 90 degrees, While at the floor it will be lower than 70 and probably close to or even 50 degrees. This, of course, is due to the natural law that the Warmer air rises while the cooler air falls. There thus exist between the floor and'ceiling, zones of different temperature, these zones being in the form of horizontal strata which, while not sharply defined, may have their limits located with reasonable accuracy by means of a thermometer. The existence of these strata or zones is due to the fact that unless thoroughly mixed, air does not transmit its heat to other air except to 1920. Serial No. 379,072.

a very limited degree. Air is heated by conp tact with a warmer surface vand cooled by contact with a cooler surface. In a heated room, therefore, there are established cerseeking its own level. If air be introduced into a room at, say, 100 degrees it will naturally go to the ceiling first but does not remain there; as it comes in contact with the cold walls and cools, it descends tothe next lower stratum, and so on, necessarily brushing the walls through all the lower levels, including the breathing zone. If air be introduced at, say 50 degrees, it will iirst drop to the floor, then be taken by the radiator, heated, and sentdirect to the ceiling to go through the same proceeding as the 100 degree air. Ordinarily, the room altitude from which breathing is done is occupied by the particular body of air made u of strata ranging'from 65 to 75 de reesvo heat.

Another condition resulting from natural law to'be found in a heated room is that a quite rapid movement of air is constantly taking place. This movement, however, is confined almost exclusively to points in close proximity to the walls, ceilings, and iioor.-

The walls cool and condense the heated air, causing it to descend, lthis in turn causing the ceiling air to move to the walls. At the same time the cool iioor air is being drawn to the radiator which again forces it up to the ceiling, resulting in a concerted harmonious movement of the particular air adjacent to the interior surfaces of the room. The inner body of air which is thus surrounded by the outer moving envelope is not materially affected by this excepting that a slow horizontal movement is produced as the strata give forth andreplenish themselves from the moving envelope and remains comparatively quiescent. While this enveloped inner body of air from which alone the lungs inhale is without a great deal of natural movement, natures laws are at work within it and they serve to guard it from contaminationby the impurities of exhaled breath.

The exhaled breath has a temperature of about 98 degrees, which is greatlyin excess of the stiller body of air and therefore quickly pushes itself through to the ceiling, where it inevitably becomes a part, of

the moving air envelope, because it passes to the walls, becomes cooled and falls near them to the floor.' At equal temperature the impure gases of exhaled air are heavier than pure air and naturally fall. We thus have an inner body of comparatively quiescent air composed of layers having a temperature of Ifrom 65 to 7 5 degrees out of which we breathe, this body being enclosed by a moving air envelope, formed from out of the highest and lowest temperatures existing in the room, that is at the ceiling and floor and containing in its composition the exhaled and impure Cases. It follows, therefore, thatunless air is delivered into the room at a temperature of from 65 to 75 degrees, the breathing zone would be occupied by air not of virgin purity, and persons would be compelled to inhale air which had first brushed or come in contact with the walls and oor, and had sought out all nooks and crevices where filth might hide and the air become laden with impurities.

By my method each of the strata that make up the breathing zone will be supplied with sufficient air at their respective temperatures to at least make up for the quantity which is caused to pass out from the zone by reason of the persons present within the. zone so that vthe particular stratum will not replenish itself from the moving envelope of impure air near the walls. It has long been the custom to require 30 cubic feet per minute for each person, but this amount is based upon the old method where air at one temperature is delivered into the room which relies upon diluting the impurities of the entire room with quantities of -new air, whereas my method individualizes the breathing zone and preserves its purity by supplying it direct with firsthand air. While I am not here concerned with quantities, yet much less than thirty cub-ic feet will suffice. It is obvious that when a given quantity of air is caused to enter a room, a like quantity will pass out from it. Ordinary rooms are not so tightly built but that around the doors and windows considerable space exists through which air can pass out; and since, as I have shown, the impurities gather near the walls, it follows that thepressure which causes the air to pass into the room will cause the impurities to pass out through these spaces. Of course, where the quantities required are large, such as in a school room, vent openings should be provided and they should preferably be near the floor. The tempering of the air may, of course, be accomplished' by any suitable apparatus or medium. The delivery of the airinto the room may be by a plurality of jets, each jet having a distinct degree of temperature in harmony with the particular stratum of messes the breathing zone it is /intended to supply, and this distinct degree should be maintained irrespective of a rise or fall of the outdoor temperature. The air may also be delivered into the room in a single jet the temperature of which is progressively changed `from a predetermined minimum to a maximum and back again, retaining these limits automatically whenever the outdoor temperature rises or falls. A simple form of tempering apparatus, by way of example,4

through the outer wall and windpw of a room showing in side elevation one form of tempering apparatus for giving e'ect to my Ventilating system; Fig. 2 is an enlarged top plan of the apparatus with parts broken away; Fig. 3 is an enlarged front elevation with xparts broken away; Fig. l is a side elevation of Fig. 3 with motor removed, and parts of the casing walls broken away; Fig. 5 is an enlarged horizontal sec tional detail on the line 5 5 of Fig. 4; and Fig. 6 is an enlarged horizontal sectional detail on the line 6-6 of Fig. 4.

Referring to the drawings, 1 represents a casing made preferably 1n two sections, the bottom section being` provided with a blower or fan 2 operated preferably by an electric motor M positioned adjacent to one of the side Walls of the casing, the o posite side wall being tapped by an a1r inta e pipe P which admitsl outside air to the fan 2 as well understood in the art. Disposed between the side walls of the upper section of the casing isa transverse partition wall 3 extending a substantial distance along the height of the casing, said partition wall dividing the casing into two contiguous compartments,towit,a cold air compartmentll at the back of the casing, and a hot air compartment 5 Aat the front of the casing, both compartments-being in'free communlcation with the mixing chamber 5 from which the air is discharged through the. outlet o ening O intp the room to be ventilated. e compartment 5 is provided with steam circulat-v ing coils 6 connecting the feed and drain headers 7, 8, respectively, said headers preferably tapping the front wall of the casing,

the rotation of the fan 2 maintaining a constant pressure of air in the hot and cold air compartments. Disposed across the casing adjacent t0 the front wall thereof and immediately over the heating coils is a box 9 the bottom of which is provided with two air nozzles 10, 10', for deliverin jets of air from the compartment 5 into t e chamber of the box, the said nozzles being controlled by valves or dampers 11, 11', respectively, one of the nozzles being closed while the other is open, the air jets discharging alternately lirst through one nozzle and then the other for a purpose which will hereinafter more fully appear. The valves 11, 11', are secured t0 the free vend of the lower bent arm of a vertically oscillating lever 12 fulcrumed about a pin 13 on a bracket or hanger 14'depending from the roof of the box 9, the upper arm of the lever operating through an elongated slot s in said roof and terminating at its upper end in a weight or ball 15. Supported by the hanger 14 at apoint below the fulcrum of the lever 12 is the inner end of an air motor shaft 16, the opposite end passing through-and outside the casing wall and beyond the outer supporting bearing 17 of the shaft, 'the end of the shaft projecting beyond the bearing 17 being provided with a worm pinion 18 meshing with a worm gear 19 at the adjacent end of a countershaft 2O mounted in the brackets 21, 21, projecting from the side wall of the casing 1. Disposed at an intermediate point of the shaft 20 is a worm 22 which is in mesh with the teeth of an oscillating sector or quadrant 23 secured to the outer projecting end of a transversely disposed rock-shaft 24, disposed along the i11- ner bottom corner of the box 9. The rockshaft 24 serves as a hinge pin for the damper 25 whic-h extends across the casing 1 and is free to oscillate between the inner vertical wall of the box 9 and the partition 3, the said damper when in vertical position projecting somewhat above the box 9 (Fig. 4) to facilitate the mixing of the hot and cold air. The free edge of the damper 25 is provided at the center with a pair of ears adjacent end of a link 26, the opposite end of the link being pivotally secured to a corresponding pair of ears or lugs h at the free edge of a second damper 27 hinged in any suitable manner along the inside of the rear wall lof the casing l sothat one damper moves with the other. c

Secured to, or formed integrally withthe upper arm of the lever 12, and opening to ward the lever, is' a yoke 28, the arms of which have mounted thereon adjustable tappets or screws 29, 29', respectively,

adapted to be alternately engaged or struck lbythe long arm lof a bell-crank lever 30 pivoted at the bottom of a frame or mounting 31 secured to the casing 1 adjacent to the outlet ropening O, the bell-crank leverbeing controlled and actuated in one direction by a spring 32 having its ends'secured to the long lever arm and frame respectively,

the bottom of the frame being rovided with a slot t for the free play of t e short arm of the bell crank, the free end of the said arm permanently engagin (under the action of the spring 32) the ower-end of the stem 33 of any conventional thermostatic member 34 secured in the mounting 31, the air passing in contact with this thermostatic member just before it enters the room. The shaft 16 carries a wheel or air motor W which is practically in continuous motion, being actuated first in one direction and then the other by the air jets discharging alternately through the nozzles or openings 10, and l0', (the valves bein actuated bythe thermostat) said nozzles being disposed on opposite sides of the rotation axis of the `air motor wheel to effect reverse rotations thereof as stated. The air accumulatin in the'box 9 escapes through a grating l' in the front wall of the casing 1 which likewise forms the front wall of the box 9. The air in the room is heated to proper temperature by a steam or hot water radiator R, or other means, the vitiated` air in the main escaping through the grating V of a foul air iue (not shown). The pipe P is coupled to an-elb-ow l leading from an air-box B which is inserted under a raised window sash A for admitting outside air into the pipe and casing l, the box B extending the full width of the sash so that no untempered outside air shall be allowed to enter the room. Preferably, the tempering apparatus is .supported on a bracket D as shown in Fig. l. v

The operation of the a paratus is as follows: Having determine on the maximum and minimum temperature of the air discharged into the room, and assuming them to be and 65 degrees respectively, the tappet 29 is so adjusted that at 65 degrees the thermostats (34) position has permitted the spring 32 to pull the long arm of the or lugs k to whlch 1s pivotally coupled the. 1

ever 30 in proper direction vto cause said arm to oscillate the shifting lever l2 to one side (to the left) of its neutral vertical position or dead center, the weight 15 throwing the lever to its position of rest as shown (Fig. 4). This final throw uncovers the nozzle 10 and covers the nozzle 10 with the valve or shutter l1 on the lower end of the shifting lever. The 4air jet which escapes through the open nozzle 10 impinges against the paddles of the air motor wheel W and causes it to revolve, thereby setting in motion the dampers 25 and 27 through the gear connections 18, 19, 20, 22,'- and 23, and rock-shaft 24, as previously described. The direction in which the damp- The tappet 29 gressive decrease of the cold air, resulting.

in a mixture of air at steadily increasing temperature, which after mixing contacts with the thermostat 34 and enters the room. is next adjusted so that when the temperature of the mixed air has gradually risen to 75 degrees and caused the expansion of the thermostat to move the bell crank, it will move the shifting lever l2 back and past the dead center' so that the weight will cause it to drop to its opposite position of rest as shown by the dotted line a: (Fig. 4). The nozzle 10 is now uncovered while nozzle l is closed, causing a reversal of the air motor. and a reverse movement of the dampers, which progressively vdecreases the quantity of heated air flowing into the mixing chamber 5 and correspondingly increases the flow of cold air into said chamber, resulting in a flow of air with progressively decreasing temperatures which contacts with the thermostat and enters the room. When the temperature has fallen to 65 degrees the thermostat again permits the spring 32 to throw the shifting lever, and this oscillation of the temperature of the air continues. 1t is obvious that because the thermostat controls the reversal of the air Vmotor it will maintain these limits of temperature whether the outside temperature rises or falls so that the temperature of the air which enters the room is both regulated and oscillated.

The period of time consumed between the shifting of the lever 12 may be regula-ted by the flow of air permitted through. the nozzles 10, A greater quantity will turn the air motor faster and a lesser quancontinually rise and fall through a substantial range in temperature irrespective of room temperature.

2. In theventilation of rooms, the method which consists in delivering to a room fresh Y air at a temperature oscillating between 65 and 75 F. r

3. In the ventilation of rooms, the method which consists in delivering to a room fresh air, causing the fresh air so delivered to continually rise and fall through a substantial range in temperature irrespective of room temperature, and controlling the amount of temperature variation.

4. In the ventilation of rooms, the method Which consists in delivering to a room a jet of air, the tem erature of which is positively and contmuously oscllated between predetermined extremes.

5. In the ventilation of rooms, the method of delivering into a room a jet of air, the temperature of which continually and gradually advances through a substantial range from` a minimum to a maximum, and recedes from a maximum to a minimum.

In testimony whereof l ax my signature,

vin presence of two witnesses.

. HENRY BAETZ. Witnesses:

EMIL STAREK,

lELsn M. Smear..

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