US1484762A - Telegraph system - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 26 1924. 1,484,762

G. c. CUMMINGS TELEGRAPH SYSTEM Filed Sept. 17 1920 Polar/zed Patented Feb. 26, 1924.

UNITED" STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE o. CUMMINGS, OF EAST ORANGE, NEW JERSEY, AssieNon '10 WESTERN ELEC- TRTc COMPANY, INCORPORATED, or NEW YORK, N. Y., A C RPORATION OF NEW YORK.

TELEGRAPH SYSTEM.

Application filed September 17, 1920. Serial No. 410,904.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE C. CUMMINGS, a subject of the King of Great Britain, residing at East Orange, in the county of Essex, State of New Jerse have invented certain new and useful mprovements in Telegra h Systems, of which the following is a ful, clear, concise, and exact description.

This invention relates to telegraph systems and apparatus and its principal ob ject is to provide an improved apparatus for relaying or repeating signal current impulses from one circuit to another.

In operating telegraph apparatus over long lines, the transmission loss due to inductive disturbances or from the exposure to high tension or other telegraphic circuits or other causes is often times very great. In order to prevent the mutilation and distortion of the signal current impulses by such effects, and to render reliable operation of the receiving equipment, it is necessary with the voltages employed to make a material diminution in speed. It is to overcome some of these difficulties that the present invention was devised.

In attaining the above object and in elimi ating some of the difiiculties experienced lieretofo're in operating telegraph apparatus over long lines, the present invention contemplates the employment of a polar relay which, under certain circumstances, has a tendency to vibrate at a definite speed. -This efi'ect is produced by providing an electric instrument or relay having a plurality of windings, one of which is associated with an incomin line. The others or what may be termed final circuit windings are so arranged that the normal tendency thereof is to reverse the position of the armature. There is also associated with this winding suitable capacity and resistances so that under certain conditions the relay will be self-vibrating, the rate of vibration being controlled by the value of the capacity and the resistance. Heretofore it has been the usual practice to arrange the line winding in a manner whereby when current of a definite value is traversing this winding the influence on the armature caused by the local circuit windings will be neutralized. To operate the rela it is necessary to decrease the magnetic e ect of the line winding for permitting the influence produced by the local circuit windings to predominate and cause the reversal of the armature. In the present invention, however, an additional local circuit winding is provided which normally opposes the influence of the other local circuit windings, normally there being no current traversing the line winding. Thus to operate the relay it is necessary that the magnetization of the line winding be increased. With the influence exerted by one of the local circuit windings added to that of the line winding, the position of the armature will be reversed. It is thus evident that the present invention provides an arrangement wherein a wide variation, in the current'values of the received signals is permitted without causing distorted repeated signals.

A better understanding of the invention may be had from the followin description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing wherein one embodiment of the invention is illustrated.

Referring now to the drawing there is shown a pair of incoming conductors 5 and 6 respectively. These conductors extend from a distant station (not shown) and terminate in a winding 4 which forms a part of a polarized relay. This relay consists of suitable cores (not shown) arranged in any desired manner. An armature 15 pivoted at one extremity is adapted to cooperate with opposing contacts 16 and 17, respectively, connected with the positive and negative terminals of grounded batteries 10 and 19. The value of the current flowing to the respective contacts is controlled by means of suitable resistances 9 and 18 con nected in series with these batteries.

About the cores (not shown) the line winding 4 is wound. This winding is connected with the conductors 5 and 6 and is adapted to be traversed by signal current impulses as transmitted from a distant station. Normally the line winding 4 is not traversed by signal current impulses. In addition to the line winding 4 there is also provided a pair of local circuit windings 7 and 11 respectively. For the sake of clearness, these windings will be hereinafter designated as the opposing and accelerating windings. One terminal of each of these windings is connected together which in turn is connected through a resistance 12 to the armature 15 as well as through a polarized sounder 20 and a suitable resistance amociated therewith to ground. The other terminal of the winding 7 is connected through a resistance 8 to ground, whii-e the other terminal of the winding 11 is connected to ground through a condenser 1 the purpose of the resistance 8 and the condenserlat will be described hereinafter.

With the arrangement heretofore described, the relay is self-vibrating in the following manner. Upon the engagement of: the armature 15 with contact 16 a momentary surge of current passes through the windings 7 and 11. The magnetic eii'ect of the winding '2' tends to reverse the position of the armature 15 but is opposed due to the influence of the winding 11 which is energized by the momentary flow of current in the circuit necessary to charge the condenser 1 1. The armature 15 is thus retained against contact 16 and agood conducting contact is insured. However, the instant the condenser 1e is completely charged, the magnetic effect of the winding 7 which is in opposition to that produced by windin 11, builds up to a value suiticient to reverse the position of the armature 15. The instant the armature 15 moves away from contact 16, the circuit previously established for charging the condenser 14: is broken. The condenser 14 is thereby per mitted to discharge through the windings 11 and 7 and the resistance 8 to ground. The eiiect produced by the discharge of the condenser 14 in this manner tends to accelerate the movement of the armature 15 to the opposing contact 17. Upon the engagement of the armature 15 with contact 17 current is caused to flow from battery 19, through resistance 18, contact 17, armature 15, resistance 1 and the windings 7 and 11 in parallel to ground. As previously described, the magnetic eii'ect produced by current traversing the winding 7 tends to reverse the position or": the armature 15 but due to the opposing influence of winding 11 the reversal of the armature 15 is prevented. However, the instant the condenser 14 becomes completely charged, the procedure outlined above is repeated. The rate at which the armature will vibrate depends upon the value of the resistance 8 and the condenser 1%. Increasing the capacity of condenser 1-1 decreases the rate of vibration, since the time required for the condenser to become completely charged is increased, and consequently, the magnetic efiect of winding 11 is overpowered less quickly. By decreasing the value of resistance 8 the rate of vibration may be increased, as in this case the opposing effect of winding 7 builds up more rapidly.

In the present invention, however, in order to prevent the reversal of the armature 15 in the manner previously described, an additional local circuit winding 13 is provided. This winding 13 is connected in parallel relation with the resistance 9 and is only adapted to be transversed by current when the armature 15 is in engagement with the spacing contact 16. The magnetic effect of the winding 13 when the armature 15 is in engagement with contact 16 is, however, sufiicient to overcome the influence of winding 7 on the armature 15. Thus the reversal of the armature 15 as long as the line winding 1 is not traversed by signal current, impulses is prevented. By adjusting the resistance 8 and condenser 1& where- 'by the armature will vibrate at a certain frequency, the resistance 21 may be adjusted to hold the armature against the spacing contact 16. However, tie instant the magnetic effect or" the line winding is increased to a value so that the accumulative effect of the windings {L and 7 is greater than that produced by winding 11, the position of the armature will be reversed.

The operation of the system previously described is as follows: Assuming that it is desired to reverse the position of thc armature 1.) thereby connecting the battery 19 with the polarized sounder 20, it is neces sary to apply to the conductors 5 and 6 a source of battery for increasing the magnetization or" the winding 1-. Upon the reception of a signal current impulse of a sufficient value, the etiect produced by the winding 13 is overcome due to the accumulating effect ofthe windings 4 and 7 on the armature 15. The armature 15 is thereupon caused to disengage contact 16 which permits the condenser 14, which had been previously charged due to the connection of the battery 10 through the contact 16 and the armature 15, to discharge through the wind ings 11 and 7, in series for accelerating the movement of the armature 15 to the op posite or marking contact 17. The instant the armature 15 engages contact 17, the winding 7 tends to reverse the position of the armature. The reversal thereof is, however, opposed by the winding ll until the condenser 14 is completely charged. Notwithstanding this prevailing condition, the armature 15 is prevented from reversing its position until the magnetic effect produced by the winding 4 decreases to a sutliciently low value for permitting the influence exerted by the winding 7 to pre dominate. The instant the magnetic effect or the winding 7 predominates that produced by the line winding 4, the armature 15 will be caused to reverse its position in the manner previously described. Upon the engagement of the armature 15 with contact 16, the reversal thereof is prevented due to the magnetic effects produced by the windin 13 which is now connected in parallel.

perienced in operating telegraphic apparatus over long lines.

What is claimed is:

1. In a telegraph system, the combination of an incoming telegraph line, a relay comprising a line winding, an armature, a local circuit winding arranged to exert an influence thereon sufficient to set said armature in motion, "and a further local circuit winding adapted to produce an effect opposing the influence of said first local circuit winding when said line winding is not traversed by si nal current impulses.

2. In a telegraph system, the combination of an incoming telegraph line, a relay comprising a line winding, an armature, a local circuit winding arranged to exert an influence thereon suflicient to set said armature in motion, a further local circuitwinding adapted to produce an effect opposingthe influence of said first local circuit winding when said line winding is not traversed by signal current im ulses, and means cooperatlng with said rst local circuit winding to accelerate the movement of said armature after it is once set in motion.

3. In a telegraph system, the combination of an incoming telegraph line, a relay comprising main circuit electromagnetic means associated with said line, an armature, co-

operating contacts therefor, a local circuit.

winding arranged to exert an influence on said armature suflicient to set it in motion, a further local circuit winding adapted to produce an effect opposing the influence of said first local circuit winding when said main circuit electromagnetic means is deener ized, and an accelerating means rendere effective when said armature is set in motion for carrying it to the opposite contact.

4. In a telegraph system, the combination of an incoming telegraph line, a relay comprising main circuit electromagnetic means associated with said line, an armature, cooperating contacts therefor, a local circuit winding arranged to exert an influence on.

said armature sufiicient to set it in motion, and opposing means normally exerting an influence equal and opposite to that of said local circuit winding for preventing the movement of said armature when said main circuit electro-magnetic means is deenergized.

5. An electromagnetic device in which the entire structure is contained in one unit com prising main circuit electromagnetic means,

a movable polarized armature, cooperating contacts for said armature, means tending normally to cause said armature to vibrate, means for opposing the effect of said second recited means whereby said armature is held normlly in engagement with one of its cooperating contacts, and circuit connections effective upon an increase in the magnetization of said main circuit electromagnetic means for roducing an effect which predominates t e action of said third recited means thereby permitting said armature to vibrate.

6. A relay in which the entire structure is contained in one unit comprising a movable polarized armature, cooperating contacts for said armature, a localcircuit winding tending normally to cause the vibration of said armature between its cooperating contacts, means arranged to 0 pose normally the action of said local clrcuit winding thereby preventing the vibration of said armature, and main circuit electromagnetic means responsive to current impulses for producing an effect which with the eiiect of said local circuit winding predominates the actionoi? said opposing means thereby permiting said armature to vibrate.

7. relay in which the entire structure is contained in one unit comprising an operating winding, a movable polarized armature, cooperating contacts for said armature, means tending normally to set said armature in vibration, a local circuit winding for producing an effect sufficient to oppose the action of said opposing means thereby preventing said armature from vibrating normally between its cooperating contacts, and means rendered effective upon an increase in the magnetization of said operating winding to a point where the combined effect of said operating winding and said first recited means predominates the action of said local circuit winding to permit the vibration of said relay.

8. A relay in which the entire structure is contained in one unit comprising a movable polarized armature, cooperating contacts for said armature, main circuit electroma etic means controlling the movement of said armature, a local circuit winding tending normally to set said armature in vibration between its cooperating contacts, a further winding also contained in a local circuit and arranged to exert an influence suflicient to neutralize the action of said local circuit winding thereby preventing the vibration of said armature, and circuit connections effective when the magnetization of said main circuit electromagnetic means is increased so that the combined effect of said electromagnetic means and said local circuit winding predominates the action of said other winding for causing the vibration of said armature.

9. A relay in which the entire structure is contained in one unit comprising a movable polarized armature, cooperating contacts for said armature, main circuit electromagnetic means controlling the movement of said armature, a local circuit winding tending normally to set said armaturein vibration between its cooperating contacts a further Winding also contained in a local circuit and arranged to exert an influence suflicient to neutralize the action of said local circuit winding thereby preventing the vibration of said armature, circuit connections effective when the magnetization of said main circuit electromagnetic means is increased so that the combined effect of said electromagnetic means and said local circuit winding predominates the action of said other Winding for causing the vibration of said armature and means effective upon the initial movement of said armature from either of said cooperating contacts for accelerating the movement thereof.

10. A relay comprising an operating Winding, a movable polarized armature normally tending to move, means for opposing the movement of said armature, means rendered effective upon an increase in the magnetization of said operating winding for reversing the position of said armature, and means operative immediately upon themovement of said armature for accelerating the movement thereof.

11. A relay comprising an operating winding, a movable polarized armature normally tending to move, means for opposing the movement of said armature, means rendered eiiective upon an increase in the magnetization of said operating winding for reversing the position of said armature, and electrostatic means operative upon the initial movement of said armature for causing the acceleration thereof.

In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 15th day of September, A. D. 1920.

GEORGE (J. CUMMINGS.

Images