US1482759A - Apparatus for burning oil - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 5, 1924., 1,482,759 s. MEYERS I APPARATUS FOR BURNING OIL Filed Nov; '7, 1921 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Feb 5, 1924;

s. E. MEYERS APPARATUS FOR BURNING OIL Filed NOV. 7, 1921 3-Sheets-Sheet 2 Feb. 5, 19240 S. E. MEYERS APPARATUS FOR BURNING OIL Filed Nov. '7, 1921 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented Feb. 5,1924.

UNITED STATES 1,482,759 PATENT OFFICE.

SIDNEY E. MEYERS, OF BUFFALO, NEW YQRK, ASSIGNOR TO GEORGE W. SMITH, OF

' BUFFALO, NEW YORK.

APPARATUS FOR BURNING OIL.

Application filed November 7, 1921. Serial No. 513,291.

'1'0 (/11 whomv if may concern.

Be it known that- SIDNEY F. Mnrnns, a citizen of the United States, residing at Buffalo. in the county of Erie and State of New York. has invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Burning Oil, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to apparatus for burning oil for fuel purposes and of the general type which includes a suitably constructed burner, a pump for the oil, and a blower for the air used to complete the combustible mixture.

T he' principal objects of the invention are to make certain provision for the Supply of oil and air in predetermined constant ratio, to insure safety by providing for the automatic cutoff of the oil when the motor element of the apparatus is not in operation and by providing against the unsupervised resumption of the operation of the motor element after its operation has for any reason been discontinued, to provide for the thorough atomization of the oil and the thorough and uniform admixture of the oil and air supplied for combustion, to provide for the efficient consumption of the fuel mixture, and to provide for a minimum consumption of oil in relation to the heat devcloped.

Further objects of the invention are to provide an apparatus which will constitute a safe. certain and reliable oil burning sys tem and will be inexpensive to install and maintain.

\Vith the above objects in view the invention consists generally in means of novel construction for regulating the supply of oil and air and for maintaining the oil and air in constant ratio. in a novel oil discharge nozzle associated with the burner. and in a novel burner for the combustible mixture.

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An embodiment of the invention is illustrated 111 the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is an elevation of oil burning apparatus m which the features of the invention are incorporated.

Figure 2 is an elevation at a right angle to the elevation of Figure 1, and showing the burner and associated features in central vertical section.

Figure 3 is a detail sectional view of a part of the oil line located at the outlet side of the oil pump.

Figure 4 is a detail sectional view on the line el4 of Figure 2.

Figure 5 is a detail sectional view of the spray nozzle for the oil.

Figures 6 and 7 are detail sectional views on the lines 6-6 and 7-T of Figure 2.

Figure 8 is a detail end elevation partly in section of the means for regulating the supply of oil and air.

Figure 9 is a detail side elevation of such means. the centrifugal governor being shown in section.

10 of Figure 8.

Figure 11 is a detail elevation of the means for regulating the supply of oil and air at the side thereof opposite to that shown in Figure 9.

The invention is adapted for use with a furnace A of any suitable construction of which a suitable burner 1 is a functional element. As shown and preferred the burner 1 includes a mixing chamber 2 to which fuel oil is delivered from the nozzle 3 and air is delivered from a chamber 4 surrounding said nozzle and communicating by passages 53 with a wind box 6. The oil is supplied to the nozzle 3 by an oil pump 7 from a tank said pump and tank being of any suitable construction. Air to complete. the combustible mixture flows into the wind box 6 from a trunk 9 which is connected to an air supply fan 10 of any suitable construction. The fan 10 and pump 7 are pre ferably operated by a single electric motor 11 having a line shaft 12. The revoluble element of the fan 10 is preferably mounted on the shaft 12 which also carries a nvorm 13 as an element of the gearing for operating the pump 7.

The pipe H conducts oil from the tank 8 to the inlet side of the pump 7 and is connected to the inlet check 15 of said pump. From the pump 7 the oil is conducted by pipe 16 to the means for maintaining the supply of oil and airin constant ratio, which means may be conveniently termed a proportioner and is indicated generally at 17.

Figure 10 is a detail section on the line The pipe 16 extends from a fitting 18 having a duct 19 which is a functional part of said pipe and which is connected to the outletcheck 20 of the pump 7. The fitting 18 carries the air dome 21 which is open to the. duct 19. A passage 22 extends angular-1y from the duct 19 to a by-pass 23 which is connected to the pipe 14 at a point in advance of the inlet check 15 and which may be provided with a. suitable drain valve 24. The communication of the passage 22 with the by-pass 23 is controlled by a suitable check valve 25. preferably operated by a spring, the power of which may be adjusted by a bearing cap 27 threaded into the fitting 18. The valve is set to open when the pressure of the oil in the pipe 16 be comes excessive and hence prevents the pressure of the oil in the pipe 16 from exceeding a predetermined maximum limit.

The proportioner 17 is shown in detail in Figures 8 to 11 and, according to the inven tion, its elements are responsive in operation to variations in the speed of the shaft of the fan 10 which shaft. as shown and me ferred, is the shaft 12 of the motor 11. The proportioner 17 includes a casing 28 having an inlet connection 29 to which the pipe 16 is joined and having a duct 30 through which the oil flows from the connection 29. The duct 30 communicates by means of an angular passage 31 with an outlet connection 32 to which is joined a pipe 33 for conducting the oil from the proportioner to the nozzle 3. The passage 31 is formed with a seat for a valve 34, preferably in the form of a ball and which is moved to closed position by a spring A cap 36 affords a seating for the spring and is provided with a cage 37 which guides and confines the ball valve 34 and preferably has apertures 38 to admit oil under said valve, the pressure of the oil admitted through the apertures 38 aiding in closing the valve.

The valve 34 by its position in relation to its seat regulates the quantity of oil delivered to the outlet 32-and for this purpose its movements are coordinated to the speed of the fan shaft 12, the degree of opening of said valve being proportionate to the speed 'of said shaft. In the construction shown and preferred the valve 34 is operated and controlled bv a plunger 39 movable through a suitable stutfing box in the casin 28. The plunger 89 is operated in one irection by the spring 35 and in the other direction by a cam 41. said plunger having at its upper end a suitable tappet 4o for engagement with said cam. The cam 41 is mounted on a rock shaft 42 and is preterably adjustable angularly of said shaft in order that the valve 34 may be. set in some determined position with relation to its seat and with reference to a particular position of the shaft 42. Foi 'the purpose of such adjustment the cam 41 has its hub provided with a set screw 42 bywhich the cam may be secured in any desired angular position on and with respect to the shaft 42. The shaft 42 is controlled r'rom the shaft 12 by a suitable governor indicated generally at 43. The governor 43 may be of any construction suitable for the purpose in view and preferably includes a barrel 44 revoluble with the shaft 12 and fitted to the end thereof. The barrel 44 projects beyond the shaft 12 and its projecting portion carries a pair of weighted arms 45 which are pivotally mounted on pins 46 and which have tail extensions 47 projecting into an opening 48 formed diametrically through the barrel. The outward movement of the arms 45 is-opposed by a plunger 49 which .is fitted within the barrel and is keyed thereto so as to turn with the barrel but to be slidable axially thereof. The tail extensions 4T operate against pins 50 which in turn operate against an equalizing part 51 having a seating in the end of the plunger 49. The shaft 42 is provided with an opcrating arm 52 which is fast to said shaft and is preferably located intermediate tlte shaft bearings 53, these being conveniently supported by a standard 54 secured to the casing 28. The arm 52 is provided with an extension connected at its end to a tension spring 56. the opposite end of said spring being connected to an adjusting plug 57 which may be moved in either direction by a nut 58 bearing from below against a lug 59 formed on the casing 28. The arm 52 is pivotally connected at its upper end to a rod 60 which projects into the barrel 44 and acts on a disk 61. a suitable thrust bearing 62 being arranged between the disk 61 and the plunger 49. It will be apparent that the spring 56 acts in opposition to the outward movement of the arms 45 and that the. power of the spring is transmitted to said arms from the arm 52 through the rod 60 and the plunger 49. As a matter of convenience and merely to hold the parts of the governor in relation when assembling an expansive coil spring 63 may be interposed between the disk 61 and the end of the barrel 44.

The proportioner preferably includes means for cutting off the supply of oil to the burner in the event of thestoppage of the operation of the oil pump and means for rendering the apparatus inoperative, except as reset, in the event of the stoppage of the operation of the motor. For the purpose of cutting off the supply of oil to the burner a cutoff valve 64 is arranged intermediate the inlet connection 29 and the duct 30, said valve having its seating in the end of an angular passage 65 extending to said duct. from the chamber 66 to which the connection 29 is open. The stem of the valve 64 projects slidably through a suitable stuffin box formed in a cap 67 which cap pro vi es a bearing for an expansive coil spring 68 by which the valve 64 is closed under the conditions to be described. The valve 64 is normally held open against the pressure of the spring 68 by a supporting detent 69 loosely mounted on the rock shaft 42 and having an angular operating extension 70. The detent 69 has an angular terminal projection 71 which normally enga es under a shoulder 72 formed at one side 0 the stem of the valve 64 and by such engagement holds the valve from its seat. The shaft 42 has fast thereon an arm 73 which is provided with a projection 74 for engagement with the arm of the detent 69 which projection may be adjustable, as shown. When the shaft 12 ceases to rotate or when its speed falls below a determined minimum limit the arm 73, moving with the rock shaft 42, engages with arm 70 by means of the projection 74 and by such engagement trips the detent 69 to release the stem of the valve 64 whereupon said valve is closed by the spring 68 and the further supply of oil to the proportioner by means of the pump 7 or possibly consequent to gravity is positively prevented.

For the purpose of rendering the system inoperative upon the discontinuance, from any cause whatever, of the motor 11 I provide a switch which opens automatically when the motor ceases to operate and, as shown and preferred, this switch is con trolled by the valve 64. The motor circuit is normally closed through upper and lower spring contacts 75 and 76, the contact 75 tending to spring away from the contact 76. The contact 75 is normally pressed against the contact 76 by an arm 77 pivoted to a supporting lug 78 and above said lug provided with an extension 79 having a terminal projection 80 which normally bears against the projecting end of the stem of the valve 64. hen the valve 64 is released by the detent 69 its stem, in turn, disengages the projection 80 and thereupon the arm 77 is released and yields under the pressure of the spring contact 75 which by its inherent resiliency moves from engagement with the contact 76.

As a functional element of the burner the nozzle 3 may be of any suitable construction for the purposes in view. In the specific construction disclosed, and as shown in detail in Figure 5, the nozzle 3 includes a casing 81 to which the pipe 33 is open and whose discharge orifice is provided with an external flaring valve seat 82 for cooperation with an externally arranged valve 83 mounted on a stem 84 which projects into the casing 81, the stem 84 being acted on by an expansive spring 85 which bears against the upper end of said casing and against an adjustment nut 86 mounted on said stem. The spring 85 moves the valve 83 toward its seat and said valve is moved in opposition to said spring by the pressure of the oil delivered to the casing 81. The valve 83 is of flaring form and its flaring surface preferably converges with respect to the surface of the seat 82 whereby said converging flaring surface will form a flaring oil discharge passage of diminishing area. The valve 83 will open under less pressure than is required for the opening of the valve 25 and the difference in pressures may be regulated as desired, a difierence of five pounds being suggested as practical and ordinarily desirable.

The burner 1 is preferably of the mantle type and includes an upright casing 87 of refractory material in the lower portion of which one or more spiders 88 of refractory material may be arranged to provide a supporting grate for the granular refractory material 89 with which the casing 87 is filled. The grate 88 is arranged above the mixingchamber 2, which communicates by Venturi passage 90 with the air inlet chamher 4. The passage 90 is formed in a block of refractory material 91 which provides the lower surface of the mixing chamber and the upper surface of the air inlet chamber. In its upper portion the block 91 is provided with a series of stepped concentric oil trapping recesses 92. The wind box 6 is arranged in surrounding relation to the casing 87, and the passages 5, by which said wind box communicates with the chamber 4 are preferably arranged tangentially of said chamber as shown in Figure 6 whereby as the air enters the chamber 4 a whirling action is developed and the air passes with a maximum of velocity and a minimum of resistance through the Venturi passage 90 into the mixing chamber 2. The oil issues from the nozzle 3 at high velocity and in the form of a conical sheet and the air whirling in the chamber 4 intercepts said sheet tangentially at all points and continuously and uniformly slices ofl minute particles of the oil, thus promoting effective atomization of the oil and insuring the thorough admixture of the oil and air. The pressure and upward direction of the air tends to carry the fuel mixture well up to the porous material 89. At the same time the heat radiated into the chamber 2 from the refractory grate 88 and the refractory loo ture moving upward to the grate 88 and porous refractory material 89.

Having fully described my invention I claim:

1. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination with a burner, means for supplying oil to said burner, and means for supplying air to said burner and having an operating shaft, of means for maintaining the oil and air supplied to said burner in a determined ratio and including a valve arranged in the oil conduit between the oil supply means and the burner and adapted to open said conduit to greater or less degree, spring means normally acting on said valve to move it to closed position, and governor means for automatically controlling the position of said valve in accordance with the speed of said operating shaft.

2. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination with a burner, means for supplying oil to said burner, and means for supplying air to said burner and having an operating shaft, of means for maintaining the oil and air supplied to said burner in a determined ratio and including a ball valve arranged in the oil conduit between the oil supply means and the burner and adapted to open said conduit to greater or less degree, a spring normally acting on said valve to move it to closed position, and means for automatically controlling the position of said valve in accordance with the speed of said operating shaft.

3. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination of a burner, means for supplying oil to the burner, means for supplying air to the burner and having an operating shaft, a spring pressed cut-off valve for the oil supplied to the burner, a governor on said 'shaft, and means for holding said valve normally open and operative by said governor when the speed of said shaft falls below a determined minimum degree to release said valve.

4. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination of a burner, means for supplying oil to the burner, means for supplying air to the burner and having an operating shaft, a governor on said shaft, means operated by said governor for varying the quantity of oil supplied to the burner in accordance with the speed of said shaft. and means also operated by the governor for cutting off the oil supply to said burner when the speed of said shaft falls below a determined minimum degree.

5. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination of a burner, means for supplying oil to said burner, means for supplying air to said burner and having an operating shaft, means for cutting off the supply of oil to said burner when the speed of said shaft fallsbelow a determined minimum degree, and means for stopping the operation of said shaft when its speed falls below said determined minimum degree.

6. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination of a burner, means for supplying oil to said burner, means for supplying air to said burner and having an operating shaft and means for stopping the operation of said shaft when its speed falls below a determined minimum de ee.

7. In an Oll burning apparatus, the combination of a burner, means for supplying oil to said burner, means for supplying air to said burner and having an operating shaft, a governor on said shaft, means operated by said governor for cutting off the supply of oil to said burner when the speed of said shaft falls below a determined minimum degree and -means also operated by said governor for stopping the operation of said shaft when its speed falls below a determined minimum degree.

8. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination of a burner, means for supplying oil to said burner, means for supplying air to said burner and having an operating shaft, means for regulating the quantity of oil supplied to the burner in accordance with the speed of said shaft, means for cutting oil the supply of oil to said burner when the speed of said shaft falls below a determined minimum degree and means for stopping the operation of said shaft when its speed falls below said determined minimum degree.

9. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination of a burner, a pump for supplying oil tosaid burner, means for supplyin air to said burner, a common operating shaft for said pump and means, a governor on said shaft, means operated by said governor for cutting off the supply of oil to said pump when the speed of said shaft falls below a determined minimum degree, and means operated by said governor for stopping the operation of said shaft when its speed falls below said determined minimum degree.

10. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination of a burner, a pump for supplying oil to said burner, means for supplying air to said burner, a common operating shaft for said pump and said means, a governor on said shaft, means operated by said governor for regulating the quantity of oil supplied to the burner in accordance with the speed of said shaft, means operated by said governor for cutting off the supply of oil to said burner when the speed of said shaft falls below a determined minimum degree, and means also operated by said governor for stopping the operation of said shaft when its speed falls below said determined minimum degree.

11. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination of a burner, a pump for supplying oil to said burner, means for supplying air to said burner, a common operating shaft for said pump and said means, means for regulating the quantity of oil supplied to the burner in accordance with the speed of said shaft and means for stopping the operation of said shaft when its speed falls below a determined minimum degree.

12. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination of a burner, a pump for supplying oil to said burner, means for supplying air to said burner, a common operating shaft for said pump and said means, a governor on said shaft, means operated by said governor for regulating the quantity of oil supplied to the burner in accordance with the speed of said shaft and means operated by said governor for stopping the operation of said til shaft when its speed falls below a determined minimum degree.

13. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination of a burner, a motor operated pump for supplying oil to the burner, a spring pressedvalve arranged in the oil conduit between the pump. and the burner, a by-pass on the pump and a. spring pressed valve in the by-pass adapted to open under excess pressure.

14:. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination of a burner, means for supplying oil to the burner, means for supplying air to the burner and having an operating shaft, a motor for said shaft, a normally closed switch for said motor, a normally open cutoff valve for the oil, means operated by the cut-off valve in its normal position for closing said switch and operative in the open position of said valve to provide for the opening of said switch, a governor on said shaft, and means operated by said governor when the speed of said shaft falls below a determined minimum degree to provide for the closing of said cut-oil valve.

15. In an oil burning apparatus, the combination of a burner including an oil discharge nozzle through which the oil is forced under pressure, a pum for supplying oil under pressure, a con uit extending from said pump to said nozzle, a valve in said conduit, means for supplying air and having an operating shaft, means for opening the valve in said conduit to greater or less degree in accordance with the speed of said shaft, a by-pass around said pump and a spring pressed valve in said by-pass adlapted to open under excess pressure of the o1 16. In an oil burning apparatus, a burner comprising a casing, 21. bed of granular refractory material supported within said casing, said casing having amixing chamber below said bed of refractory material, a nozzle for discharging oil into said mixing chamber, said mixing chamber havinga Venturi passage at its lower end and said casing having an air inlet chamber below said Venturi passage and means for discharging air tangentially into said inlet chamber, the air entering said mixing chamber through said Venturi passage and atomizing the oil discharged from said nozzle.

In testimony whereof I ailix m signature.

SIDNEY E. EYERS.

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