US1482526A - Turbine utilizing elastic motive fluids - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 5, 1924.

E. SCHLUMPF TURBINE UTILIZING ELASTIC MOTIVE FLUIDS Filed March 2. 1922 2 Sheets-Sheet l Feb. 5, 1924.

E. scHLuMPF TURBINE UTILIZING ELASTIC MOTIVE FLUIDS 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I w l III a II n \l c u vm d e 1 1 F Patented Feb. 5, i924.

marten s'rarss Parent meant EDWIN SCHLUMPF, OF ZURICH, SWITZERLAND, ASSIGNOR TO THE FIRM AKTIEN- GESELLSCHAFI DER MASCHINENFABRIKEN ESCHER WYSS & CIE, OF ZURICH,

SVTITZERLAND.

TURBINE UTILIZING ELASTIC IVIOTIVE FLUID$ Application filed March 2, 1922. Serial No. 540,429.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, EDW N SGHLUMPF, a citizen of the Republic of Switzerland. residing at Zurich, Switzerland, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Turbines Utilizing ElasticMotive' Fluids,

of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawing. .0 The invention relates to a turbine utilizing elastic motive fluids andhaving at least one nozzle ring arranged within the turbine casing and adapted for the introduction of the motive fluid. I

Turbines are already known in which there are provided within the turbine casing ring-shaped nozzle members arranged concentrically to the turbine shaft. These members are preferably detachably secured to the turbine casing and are at the places at which they are secured to the latter connected to a conduit supplying the motive fluid by means of an aperture provided in said casing. Further it hasv alreadybeen proposed to unite such nozzle members so as to form a complete closed ring and to fix the latter detachably, for instance by means of screw bolts, to the flange of thesupply conduit, said flange being screwed to the turbine casing. These known arrangements present the disadvantages, that the individual nozzle members or the complete ring respectively and the casing. have to be machined separately whereby the machining at the points where said nozzle members are connected to the casin must be very accurate in order to avoid losses due to leakage. Such losses must be carefully avoided as the motive fluid leaking past the joints escapes directly into the atmosphere. If furthermore the nozzle members are united to form a complete ring that is detachably connected to. the turbine casing, the assembling and particularly the dismantling of the-turbine is rendered diflicult and takes up much time. v

In order to avoid the above mentioned difficulties and to profit of the advantages inherent to nozzle rings, such a ring, or a plurality ofrings in case more than one ring is used, is cast according to the present invention in one with the turbine casing. The fact that the ring and the casing form one casting enables the distribution of the branches to be connected up to the steam supply in any desired manner on the circumference of the ring and to provide any suitable number of such branches. Thereby the nozzle segments proper may be arranged in any desirable manner. The branches may be arranged tangentially. radially or axially relatively to the ring without interfering thereby in any way with the expansion of the ring in any direction. All these advantages cannot be attained when the rings or ring portions are screwed to the casing as a subdivision of such ring portions or rings into segments would greatly increase the difliculties of their connection to the corresponding steam supply branch. Thus the advantages intended to be attained by the provision of detachable rings, i. e., the possibility of an unrestricted expansion of said rings and ring portions and the convenient replacement of the ring parts would have to be abandoned again.

Preferably the nozzle ring cast in one or integral with the turbine casing may also be divided in the horizontal plane of division of the turbine. This division of the ring facilitates the assembling of the turbine.

In the joint of such a nozzle ring a tightening ring may be provided that causes the free ends of the ring to be held together hesides effecting a tightening of the joint.

Several constructional forms of the object of the present invention are shown by way of example on the accompanying drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a section along line I-I of Fig. 2, and

Fig. 2 is a section along line 11-41 of Fig. 1 through a turbine casing with an integral nozzle ring and showing a branch through which the motive fluid is suppled;

Fig. 3 is a section similar to that shown in Fig. 1 throu'gh a turbine casing, the nozzle ring of which is subdivided into four chambers each of which being provided with an inlet branch.

Fig. 4 shows a detail on an enlarged scale.

Fig. 5 is a section along line V-V of Fig. 6, and

Fig. 6 is a section along line VI-VI of Fig. 5 through a marine turbine.

Fig. 7 is a longitudinal section through the upper half of an engine set provided with an astern turbine.

Referring to the constructional example illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, 1 denotes a turbine casing which is divided into two parts along its horizontal centre plane. To this casing 1 there is cast on at 2-2 a ring 3, concentrically arranged to the turbine shaft, the latter being not shown in the drawings, the ring 3 serving for introducing the motive fluid to the nozzles 4 (Fig. 2) 5 denotes an inlet branch for the supply of a motive fluid, said branch being integral with the ring. The ring 3 is also divided in the horizontal centre plane of the turbine and in the joint of the ring 3 a ring 6 (Fig. 4-) provided. The latter is screwed into the lower half of the ring 3 and causes, besides ett'ecting a tightening ot the joint. the free ends of the ring halves to be held together.

The invention enables the making Off the ring 3 of cast iron instead of steel, as it has not to withstand the full admission pressure of the motive fluid but ,only the .qlitttrence between said pressure and the pressure of the steam leaving the nozzle 4. High tem peratures that may cause dangerous expansions of the turbine casing are not to be feared as the difi'erences in temperature be tween the motive fluid and the casing 1 ,are

compensated by the ring 3. With the arrangement illustrated, heat losses towards the outside are restricted to a minimum amount as the heat radiating from the ring 3 is transmitted to the steam surrounding the latter. As the ring 3 and the casing 1 are integral, they may easily be turned on a lathe or otherwise machined and the division of the ring '3 in the horizontal plane enables a convenient assembling of the turbine. lVith the constructional .exan'iple illustrated in Fig. 3 the nozzle ring form- ,ing an integral casting with the casing 1 is, for instance, subdivided into four segments that may be distributed anyhow. A branch 7, also integral with the casing 1, provided in connection with each segment. The ring 3 is also with this constructional exampledivided ,in the horizontal plane of division of the casing 1.

The exemplification ot the invention illus- .trated in Figs. 5 and 6 shows a marine .tur-

.bine in which live steam is introduced into an intermediate stage. NVith this turbine two nozzle rings 8 and ,9 are provided both of which are integral with the turbine casing 10 which is composed of several parts. The ring 9 serves .to supply live steam to an intermediate stage in order to attain aylarger output during a forced running. The ring 9, as may be seen in Fig. 6, is subdivided into six segments which are separated from each other and are of different size. To each of these segments steam is supplied :by means of a separate branch. The rings .8, 9 are also divided in the horizontal centre plane of the turbine.

The object of the invention may also he used with engine-setshavihg asternturbines Fig. 7 illustrates a construction of this type, in which Figure denotes the ahead turbine and Ql'the astern turbine. Each of said turbines which have an exhaust space 22 common to both is provided with a nozzle ring 23 and 2a respectively which are integral with the respective casing. In this case the ring integral with the casing serves to compensate in an advantageous manner the great differences between the pressure and temperature in the condenser and the inlet pressure and temperature when the astern turbine 21 is set to work suddenly, so that, in contradistinction to the hitherto known constructions, the casing of the astern turbineis not endangered by said differences in pressures and temperatures.

I claim:

1. In a turbine utilizing elastic motive fluids, a casing enclosing at least one runnerwheel chamber, at least one nozzle ring arranged within the casing, and branches for the admission of motive fluid to the nozzle ring, said branches being cast in one piece with the casing Zlll il the nozzle ring and forming the only connecting part between these two bodies, the nozzle ring beingotherwise surrounded by the motive fluid contained in said runner-wheel chamber.

2. In a turbine utilizing elastic motive fluids, a casing enclosing at least ,one runnerwhee-l chamber and divided in the horizontal centre plane, at least ,one nozzle ring arranged within the casingand divided in said horizontal plane of division of the casing, and branchesfor the admission of motive fluid to the nozzle ring, said branches being cast in one .piece with the casing and forming the only connecting part between casing and nozzle ring, the latter being otherwise surrounded, by the motive fluid contained in said runner-wheel chamber.

3. In a turbine utilizing elastic motive fluids, a asing ienclosingat least one runnerwheel chamber anddivided in the horizontal centre plane, at "least one nozzle ring arranged within the casing and divided in said horizontal plane of division of the casing, branches for the admission of motive fluid to the nozzle ring, said branches being cast in one piece with thecasing and forming the only connecting part between casing and nozzle ring, the latter being otherwise surrounded by the motive fluid contained in said runnerwh'eel chamber, and a packing ring provided in the joints of the nozzle ring and adapted to effect a tightening of the joint and to hold together "the free ends of said nozzle ring;

4. In a turbine utilizing elastic motive fluids, a casing enclosing runner-wheelchamhers, nozzle rings arranged within the easing, and series of branches for the admission of motive fluid to the nozzle rings, each such series being cast in one piece with one of the nozzle rings and forming the only connecting part between said ring and the casing, the nozzle rings supplying motivefluid to different pressure stages of the turbine being otherwise surrounded by the motive fluid contained in said runner-wheel chambers.

5. In a turbine utilizing elastic motive fluids, a casing enclosing runner-wheel chambers and divided in the horizontal centre plane, nozzle rings arranged within the casing and each divided in said horizontal plane of division of the casing, series of branches for the admission of motive fluid to the nozzle rings, each such series being cast in one piece with one of the nozzle rings and forming the only connecting part be- 20 tween said ring and the casing, the nozzle rings supplying motive fluid to difi'erent pressure stages being otherwise surrounded by the motive fluid contained in the immediately followin runner-wheel chamber, and a packing ring provided in the joints of each nozzle ring and adapted to efiect a tightening of said joint and to hold together the free ends of the nozzle ring.

6. In a steam turbine, a casing section for inclosing at least one runner wheel chamber, at least one nozzle ring in said section, a steam admission branch connecting said section and ring, said ring connection and section cast in a single piece and said ring spaced from said section, steam issuing from the section being capable of surrounding said ring.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature.

EDWIN SGHLUMPF.

Images