US1471990A

US1471990A - Method of forming faced concrete blocks

Info

Publication number: US1471990A
Application number: US497142D
Authority: US
Inventors: Cyrus S Wert
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1921-08-31
Filing date: 1921-08-31
Publication date: 1923-10-23
Anticipated expiration: 1940-10-23

Description

Get 23, mm 1,4713% 6-. S. WERT METHOD OF FORMINC; FACED CONCRETE BLOCKS Filed Aug. 51. 1921 Forming Faced Concrete Blocks, of which be waterproof and release @et as, an

i artisan @YRUS S. WERE, 9F DALLVILLE, INDIANA.

mn'rnon air-romaine racm oortcnnrn spoons.

Application filed August 811, 1921!. serial No. 491142;},

To aZZ it may concern:

Be it known that l, (James S; Want, re-

siding at Kendallville, in the county of. Noble and State o'flndiana, a citizen of the United States, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of the following is a Specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part hereof.

My invention relates to a method of forming concrete blocks for building or other purposes. with a facing difierent in quality from the main bod of the block, and my invention has for its object to produce a concrete block havin a facing which will I %urable and will. not crack ofi or separa from the body otthe block by the action of the frost or other weather action and which will efiectively protect the body of the block from the action of frost or other weather action and will prevent the defacement of the block by the working out of any excess of lime ghiith may be present in the body of the loo With the above described objects, andother objects hereinafter explained, in view,

my invention consists in the method hereinafter described and claimed.

Referring to the drawings which show a simple form of apparatus adapted for- Figure 1 is a cross sectional View of a mold and tamper for forming a concrete block showing the portion of the mold back of the dividing plate filled and ready to receive the facing mixture.

Fig; 2 is a view of the mold after the space in front of the dividing plate has been filled with the facing mixture. V

Fig. 3 is a'siniilar view showing the front facingin position after the dividing plate has'been removed'and the block tamped.

Fig. 4 is a similar view showing the block with its upper surface removed ready to to receive the top facing.

Fig. 5 is a similar view showing the completed block with the tamper in position to force the top facing into intimate contapt Fig. 6 is a view of a form of scraper which may be used in removing the top of the main portion of the block.

In the drawings 1 indicates the front plate, 2 the bottom plate and 8 the back plate of a mold adapted to receive concrete to form a block. 4% indicates a tamper carried by an arm 5 and adapted to be brought down on to the mass of concrete in the mold to compress and solidify it and force it against the walls of the mold 6 indicates a spacing plate adapted to fit within the mold near the front plate 1. 7 indicatesa scraping bar adapted to be used to remove the top portion of the block formed in the mold, having the serrated edge 8. Windicates va removable hopper adapted to be I placed on top of the mold to direct the concrete into the mold and to hold such additional amount of the concrete as may be necessary to fill the mold when the tamper is applied.

In carrying out my method ll place in the mold as shown near its front plate 1, preferably about one-fourth inch from it, the spacing plate 6, this spacing plate being preferably about one-fourth inch in thickness, and fill the main ortion of the mold, backct the spacing p ate with the usual wet concrete mixture of sand, or sand and gravel, and cement in the proportions commonly used, wet enough to pour, preferably. using to wet the concrete and aggregate water containing asmuch hydrate of lime as will dissolve in itor even containing more or less hydrate ofllime in suspension, and fill the I ing plate and the front plate of the mold with the facing composition. The spacing plate is then drawn out, leaving a space ofabout one-fourth inch between the front faceof the main portion of the block and the facin material introduced between the facing p late and the front plate of the mold, which is at once filled by the flowing together of the material forming the main portion of the block and material formlng the facing. The facing composition used preferably consists of equal arts of cement,

with the main ortion and front facing of I the block, and

fine sand'and finely divided marble or lime:

stone, wet up to form concrete, withwater containing as much hydrate of limeas it will dissolve, and water glass in the proportion of about one pint ofthe ordinary commercial water glass to five gallons of the lime water. Coloring matter, preferably ace between the spac- V in powdered form, may be added to the concrete thus formed. The facing and the material forming the main portion of the block are then forced into intimate union and the block solidified by tamping.

As soon as the facing space is thus filled, the facing plate removed and the block tamped, the hopper 9 is removed and the top surface of the block formed is removed to a depth preferably of about one-fourth inch, in such a way or by the use of such an instrument as to leave the top of the block rough or serrated, as by the scraper 7 having the serrated edge 8. The rough or serrated surface thus formed is then wetted with the lime water containing water glass, above described, and the hopper 9 being replaced, the facing concrete miXture is'poured over the block to the desired depth and this layer of facing material is then tamped. This tamping, which is an important step in the method, forces the facing material into the cavities formed in the top of the main portion of the block and also in the front facing and efi'ects a thorough union of the top facing with these other portions of the block.

All of the steps of the method described are carried out before the portion of the block first formed begins to set more than just sufficient to retain its shape and not sufficient to form a surface to Which the facing material will not readily adhere, particularly when wetted as described.

The facing mixture of fine sand, marble or limestone dust and cement would form of itself, a substantially water-proof facing mixed with water not containing hydrate of lime or water glass, but the addition of the lime adds to the strength of the cement and the water glass acts to close the pores against the passage of moisture either inward or outward and thus prevents any ex-- cess of lime which may be contained in the concrete from working out to the surface to cause the whitish appearance often observable on concrete blocks exposed to the weather. I

When the faced block has been thus formed and before it is removed from the mold it is watere'dwith the water containing hydrate of lime and water glass in solution and, durlngthe curing of the block after it is removed from the mold, this watering with the same solution is repeated at intervals.

When the faced block formed as above described has become thoroughly cured the line of contact between the facing and the body of the block will not form a line of cleavage, the block if forcibly broken tending to break otherwise than on this line and the expansion and contraction of the block by changes in temperature will not tend to cause cleavage along this line of contact. y

- The inner face-of the front plate of the may, if desired, be formed other than plain so as to give the facing any ornamental ap-' pearance desired such as that commonly termed tapestry.

While the apparatus shown is particularly adapted for forming so-called concrete bricks, that is solid blocks having the size and shape of the ordinary clay brick, the molds may be of other shapes or sizes and may be constructed to form hollow blocks as well as solid blocks.

The concrete mixture for the facin and preferably also that for the main portlon of the block should be sufficiently wet to permit of its being poured.

If it is desired to face only one of the faces of the block, the dividing plate may be dispensed with, the main portion of the block being made of the full size of the mold, its top surface being removed and the pare a considerable quantity of the hydrate of lime and Water glass solution and to use this solution in making the concrete mixture for the main portion of the block as well as for the facing mixture and the other purposes described, the use of this solution in wetting the block'before removing it from the mold and during the curing being particularly important.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is: 1 l

1. The method of forming concrete blocks having a face provided with facing material distinct from the material of the main portion of the block, which consists in first forming the main portion of the block, removing the to surface of said main portion of the block before it has become fully set, wettin the top surface left on the main portion 0 the block with lime water containing water glass in solution, applying the facing mixture to the wetted surface, and tamping said facing mixture into intimate union with said main portion of the block.

2. The method of forming concrete blocks having two faces provided with facin material distinct (from the material 0 the main portion of the block, which consists in placing a dividing late nearv one face of a mold, filling the mo (1 back of the dividing late with concrete mixture,.filling the space between the dividing plate and the adjacent face of the mold w1th the facing mixture, d

withdrawing the dividin plate to permlt the facing and main portion of the block to flow together, tamping the block thus forming the main portion of the block, removing the top surface of said main portion of the block before it has become fully set, applying the facing mixture in wet condition to the top surface left on the main portion of the block, tamping said facing mixture into intimate union with said main portion of the block, wetting the block so formed with water containing hydrate of lime and water glass in solution and permitting the block to cure.

In testimony whereof I hereunto aflix my signature,

CYRUS S. RT.