US1470975A - Moving-picture-film protector - Google Patents

Description

- Oct. 16, 1923. x

` H. E. HARBAUGH ET AL uovING PICTURE FILM PROTECTOR 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 r l l I l l I I ,L

Oct. 16, 1923.

H. E. HARBAUGH ET AI.. MOVING PIGTURE FILM PROTECTOR 1919` s sheets-sheet 2 Filed April 24 'W'vn/esses: @am p www?? The Oct. 16 1923. 1,470,975

H. E. HARBAUGH ET AL MOVING PICTURE FILM PROTECTOR Wan esses:

. tion' of the same on a plane corresponding` Patented oa. 16, 1923.A

UNITE-D STATES iiariezN'rA OFFICE.

HARRY E. HARBUGH, CHARLESA FRANK BUQUO, AND GEORGE SPAETH, OF CINCIN- NATI, OHIO; SAID BUQUO AND SAID' SPAETH ASSIGNORS TO SAID HARBAUGH.

MOVING-PICTURE-FILM PROTECTOR.

Application filed April 24, 1912. Serial 292,347.

To all wiz omy it mrrfl/ concern A lle it. known that we, HARRY E. HAR- nAUGn, @Maniacs FRANK BUQUo, and GEORGE F. Srixmn, citizens ofthe United States. residingv at Cincinnati, `in the county of Hamilton and State oi' Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Ii'nprovementsin Moving-Pictnre- Fihn Protectors, of which the following is a specification.y

Our invention relates to moving-picture apparatus and its object .is to provide simple and reliable means to prevent ignition of or other damage to films when broken or obstructed during their operation, especially when driven by an electric motor.

Our invention consists in the combination f of partsr and in the details of construction and arrangement of parts as will hereinafter be more fully described and claimed.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation representing diagrammatically a moving-picture projecting apparatus with ouninvention applied thereto, the apparatus being represented by dotted lines only, and our invention being shown in full lines;

Fig. 2 is a` perspectiveA view of part of the apparatus showing more clearly how our invention is wmbincd therewith, the cover for the switch parts being represented by dotted lines;

Fig. l is a side elevation of the switch, the cover being shown in vertical cross-section; Y

Fig. t is a horizontal longitudinal seckto the line P-at of Fig. 3;'

Fig. is a vertical longitudinal section of the same on a plane corresponding to the line 5 5 of Fig.- 3;

Fig. (S is a vertical cross-section through the switch rotor on al plane corresponding j to the line (5i-( of Fig. 5;

lFig. T is a view similar to Figi 1 showing ,a modification of our invention as ap-l plied to a different type of moving-picture projecting apparatus;

Figi S is a front elevation of the switch of this moditicatiom the cover being Vshown in section.; and

Fig. 9 is an interior 'side elevation of the same with the cover shown insection.

As shown in Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, o r invention ls'apphed lto moving-picture promachines.

apparatus.

n the front of the lamp-house 10 is the condenser-hood l1.

All of the above lis wellfknown and is described only to facilitate the following description 'of our invention which comprises the novel switch or circuit-b1'eake1-12 governed by the part of the lilm below the lower' sprocket or rolll 2 and bythe loop 3 thereof, and an electro-magnetically controlled dowser 13 in series with the switch or circuit-breaker 12 and with the motor 6.

The present invention is broadly the saine as that disclosed and claimed in Patent No. 1,200,938, issued October 10, 1916, on the invention of Harry E. Harbaugh, et al. 1t

differs specifically from the invention therei resented as the dowser 13 similar to thatl of the aforesaid patent; but which dowser, 1t will be, understood, may be of any practical kind capable of operating in conjunc' tion with our' improved circuit-breaker or switch mechanism.

' 'This switch 12`of Figs. 1 to 6, inclusive, comprises the rotor 14C which is made up of a pair of insulating disks 15 and a contact memberfl between the two disks 15; these disks and member being fixed together by rivets 17 (Fig. y(i). The insulating disks 15 have relatively small central openings fitting snugly around the shaft v'18 whereby the rotor is concentrically mounted on the shaft and capable of rotation relatively thereto. Each disk also has, opening into this central opening, a'recess 19; and the shaft 18 has fixed to it a hub with a pin 21 fixed in 15. The contact member 16 has the central opening 22 amply large and with a recess 23 adjacent to the disk recesses 19 and vpin 21 so that there will be no chance of' electrical contact or arcing' between the contact member 16 and the metal of the shaft 18, hub 2O and pin 21. y The recesses 19 are a little wider than the pin 21 so that a slight .amount of rotation of the shaft: 1,8 is permitted in Aeither direction before it begins to rotate., the rotor 14 made up disks 15 and member 16 as before described The AShaft 18 projects some distance past the face of the rotor, which is the side Aof the rotor opposite from that' where the hub 20- is; and a light helical spring 24 is coiled around the shaft 18 and com` pressed between this face of the rotor and a washer 25 held on the end part of the shaft 1'8 by a cotter pin26.

The switch-plate 2T is a fiat upright member with a flange 28 projecting out under the rotor 14 at the bottom and with a pair ot upwardly opening channels 2S) .inclined downwardly and outwardly on which is clamped a yoke 30 with corresponding downwardlyv opening channels. These receive the cables 31 and 32 which carry the A conductors to be connected by the switch as will hereinafter be more fully described. This switch-plate 27 also has at its top, projccting'out over the rotor 14, a lug 33. The casing or cover 34 is 'a rectangular box with one side and its bottom open and 'fits onto thev switch-plate 27 with its top screwed to the lug The frame35 comprises the elongated main horizontal part 86 and the upwardly and downwardly extendingflangcs 37 and 38 at o`ne end` to which the switchplate 2T is fastened by screws 39 passing in from'the face of the switch-plate in .which face the heads ot the screws are countersunk.

The insulating plate 4() is fiat and Vrectangular yand'has the left and right contact pieces 41 and 42 fastened to its face by means of screws- 43 and 44 passing through the insulating plate from the back thereof into the .pieces 41 and 42 below andabov'e, respectively. The upper screws 44 project out past the fronts of the pieces 41 and, 42 and thus form studs on which' are screwed the knurled binding nuts 45. A thin sheet of' insulating material-46E secured tofthe back of the insulating plate 40 across the heads of the screws *43 and 44,'

and this insulating plate 40 is fastened to the face of the switch-plate 27 with this insulating sheet 46 coming between itand the plate 2T, by means ot screws 47 passing through from the face of the insulating plate respectively above and below the ro` tor 14. Each contact piece 41 and 42 com-.

lprises a Contact face 48 and 49, respectively over adjacent to the rotor 14 where the respective arms 50 and 51 of the rotor contact of the member 16 will make contact with them simultaneously as the rotor comes into position with said arms 5() and 51 horizontal. Each one ot' these arms 50 and 51 is of tapered outwardly opening channel formation with its back slightly rounded at .its upper and lower edges; and the contact faces 48 and 49 are also somewhat rounded or sloped at their upper and lower ends. Each one of these contact pieces 41 and 42 also comprises a downwardly projecting lug 43 land an upwardly projecting lug 44 lying flat against the face of the insulating plate 40 to afford ample strength and sta` bility to the respective contact piece 41 or 42, and also to give ample electrical conductivity thereto.

The cable 3 1 contains the conductors 52 and 53 and the cable contains the couduc- A tors 54 and 55. Two of these conductors 523 and 54 are continuous at A inside the cover or casing, and the conductor 52 is clamped under the nut 45 of the contact piece 41 aud thus electrically connected' thereto; while the other conductor 55 is similarly connected to the other contact piece 42.

The dowser '13 as here shown is similar to that disclosed and claimed in the aforementioned patent in that it comprises the electro-magnet 56 fixed on the top ot' the condenser-hood 11 with its core 57 extending horizontally, and a shutter 58 pivoted transversely in a bracket 59 fastened to the front end of the hood 11. This shutter 58 normally projects horizontally above the front of the hood 11 and has an armature 60 which then extends upward substantially at right angles to the shutter 5S which, by being attracted to the core 5T of the magnet 56, causes the shutter 58 to be held up in this position, thus allowing the light and heat rays to pass from the condenser-hood 11 through the film 1 and the other parts of the apparatus, including the shutter 61, to project the image on the screen, as is well-known. This condition is maintained as long as the magnet 56 is energized by current flowing through its coils; but .the instant that the current therethrough is interrupted it releases the shutter 58 to drop in front of the hood 11 and immediately cut olf the light.and heat rays from the film 1, as is -fully described in the aforementionedpatent. The current for this is derived from the same source as is the current for operating the motor 6. As here shown the conductor 52 leads to o'ne end of the coil of the magnet 56 and the conductor 53 leads from the other end ot the said coil, while the conductor 54, continuous with the conductor 53, leads to one bar ot' the switch 8'; the other bar being connected by means of the conductor 62 with one terminal of the motori6. These bars of the switch connect, when the switch is closed,

these conductors are arranged with their re lation to the switch 12 as shown merely for convenience in wiring; since a single cable `with two conductors may be cut open and one of its conductors parted, and the parted ends clamped by the nuts 45 as before described.

".l`he shaft 18 has -a bearing in a hub (i5 integral with the switclrplate 27 and occupying an opening in the .insulating plate '10, and this shaft 18 extends tliroughthe upper `flangre 17 of the frame 35 and along' above the main part 3G of said fra-me into a bearing GG projecting up from said part liti near the other end` thereof.v A collar 67 fixed to the shaft 18 at the far side of dus bearing 6G cooperates with the hub 2() in limiting end playvv of the shaft 18. Over near the switch partsthis frame part 3G has the downwardly projected lug' 68, and at its other end past the bearing 6G `has the downward projection 69. through' which a set screw 7() passes inwardly toward the luf: (S8. A platen 71 has parallel studs 72 sliding' in openings in the projection G9 at the opposite sides of the screw and is forced inward by the set screw 70. By means of these and the lug?r 68, the frame is clamped on the hedv plate of the projecting appara-tus on top of its lower film magazine just to' the rear of the film actuating mechanism, as clearly shown in Fig. 2.3 The platen 71 preferably has `a slightlinwardly turned bead 73. This platen thus prevents marring` of the side of the bed plate, and also effectively prevents slipping up of this end of the frame therefrom. y

Thus mounted, l the switch or circuitbreaker mechanism just before described lies on the side olf' the apparatus away from the usual position of the operator, with the shaft 18 projecting over toward the oper ators side into its bearing 66. Just inside this bearing 66 an arm 74 isi mounted on the shaftl8 and held fast thereto by a set screw 75 in such a position that it projects upwardly and over toward the aforesaid stretch of film 1 below the lower roll or sprocket Q. Near the free end of'this arm 74 a stud 76 projects in and carries an idler roller 77 to rotate on the stud while bearingagainst said stretch of film. A set screw 78 holds this stud 7 G fast in the arm 74. The relative positions of the arm 74 and the Switcher circuit-breaker rotor 14 on the shaft- 18 are such that, when the film 1 has its normal tension, the rotor 14 will be held so that the contact' arms 50 and 51 ina-ke fullcoiinection with the conta-ct pieces 41 andl 42 in the middle of the respective contact faces 48 and 49 thereof. Thus, un-

der normal conditions, electrical connection will be maintained between the two conductors 52 and 55. Any lessening of the tension of the film 1 in the stretch where the roller 77 bears thereon, removing the support thus afforded to thearm 74, will result in a falling of the arm 74 on ac count of its own weight and that of the parts carried ou the ai'in. lf this lesseuing of tension is only slight, as is constantly occurrii'ig in the normal operation of the film,

` there will be no material rotation ofthe rotor 14 on account of the loss oll motion between the shaft 18 and said rotor ,14, per-v mitted by the play ol the piu i151 in the rccesses 1S) of the rotor insulating disks l5. But when such a slackening occursY asis iaused by some serious deranaenieut or obstruction of the filni `10, resulting in its stoppage in the line of projection long enough to become ignited., a large degree of lowering of the arm 74 will be pern'iit-teifl. Then the shaft 18. throughits pin 19 en gagging with the rotor insulating disks 15,

will turn the rotor 14 so far around that itsarins 50 and l'will ride down off the conterminals the spring 24 is enabled, due to the wedgino` effect thus afforded by the sloping faces of tlieco'ntactiiipy parts, to iinpel the rotor arms 50and 51 quickly away from'the faces 48 and 49, and thus abruptly accomplish a comparatively wide separation of. the` hitherto electrically contacting parts, and thereby minimize arcing so to almost loo completely avoid burning' of the contact' surfaceslwhen breaking the circuit.

It; will be understood that when the circuit is thus broken, the shutter 58 ofthe dowser 13 falls, as before described, andthe device operates su'bstantiallyas fully set out in the vaforementioned patent. v

ln the kind of projecting apparatus taken for example in Figs. 1 too, there is a device commonly known as a loop setter.

It comprises an idler roller 7S) just below and forwardly of the lower sprocket or roll 2,

inside the loop 3 of the film '1, and alsor comprises a clutch device 80 on the rear endr of the shaft Of the lower sprocket or roll 2.' andsuitable mechanism connecting this idler rollerv79 and thisl clutch mechanism 8O So `that any material shortening of the loop 3, and consequent pulling of the shortening loop upward on. the,` roller 79, operates the lll clutch to disconnect the lower sprocket or roll 2 from the driving mechanism of the machine; this unconnected condition pre-- vailing until other 'parts of the machine, continuing to operate normally, have lengthened the loop il and permitted the roller 7 9 to drop, whereupon the clutch mechanism 80 is permit-ted' to restore the operative connection between the lower sprocket or roll i and the rest ot the mechanism7 and the machine continues in its normal operation. This loop-setting device is very etlicient for this purpose; but frequent-ly results in a slackening or stoppage ofthe, film so as to endanger it in the intense heat from the lamp. lt is thus highly desirable that the dowser 13 should be 'made to cut off the heat and light rays during any excessive conditions ot this kind incident to the operation of loop-setting.

ille combine with the aforedescribed switch or circuit-breaker mechanism, additional mechanism operating in conjunction with the loop-setter to cause a breaking of the circuit b-y the aforesaid mechanism at cach operationof the loop-setterL As here shown the main part 35 of the trame 36'has, projecting toward the ti'lm actuating apparatus, a bracket S1, and a standard S2 has a base 83 fixed to this bracket 81 and carries at its upper end a horizontal bearing S4. 'for a lever S5 that projects over into the annular groove ot the clutch mech` anism S0, as clearly shown in Fig. 2. The

shalt. ot' this leverl 85 projects past itsbearing and has fixed to it'the depending arm 8G, which also has on it an arm 87 projecting toward the switch or circuit-breaker mechanism with a -wcight SS on its end. r A pitman S9 is pivoted to the lower part ot' the arm S0 and has a reduced end part or finger 90 passing through suitable openings in the switch-plate 27, insulating sheet 26 and insulating plate 40, to push against 'the adja- Ycent side of the rotor let when the arm S2 swings it in that direction; being normally kept away from this lrotor under the action ot the weight 8S as well as due tothe normal position ot the clutch mechanism 80 which controls the swinging oifthe lever and' attachedarm S2 due to engagement of the lever S5' in its annular groove. As themachines ot' this kind are designed. the clutch part 80 moves toward the operators side ot the machine as the loopsetting roller 7 9 is raised by shortening ot the loop 3. Consequently any material shortening of this loop 3 and raising ot this roller 79 causes the finger to push the rotor 14, against the yieldirm` pressure of the spring Q4, so that the adjacent rotor contact arm 50 is separated from the respective contact .face 48 of Athe Vcontact piece L11. This breaks the circuit and permits thedowser shutter 58 to fall and cutoff the heat from the film under Lennartl these abnormal conditions. Slight normal changes in tension of the loop do not effect this result; the finger 90 being shortened to permit a slight amount of lost motion.

The moving-picture projecting apparatus 4illustrated diagrammatically 1n Fig. 7, is

also ot' a welllknown and widely used kind 'differing from the-preceding example 1n its l'ront lower corner fitting closely around a stationary part ot' the side ot' the cabinet when the door 92 is closed. Our invention is very readily installed in this kind of ma chine by substitut-ing for this side part, as regularly built into the machine. a modified plate 93 ot the same contour and with such details as it must have in conjunction with the regular parts ot the machine, as for instance, the opening or bearing 91 in its upper rear corner where the crank is provided for hand operation of the machine. But it will be understood that. these machines like those of the other example' are variously hand operated or motor operated; and our invention is especially applicable to them when they are motor operated.

This plate 93 has lugs 95 projecting from its front edge and in past its inner side and the switch-plate 27 has one side part screwed to these lugs so that the switch-plate 27 Yfaces inwardly of the lnachine over toward the shutter 61 thereof. This switchplate 27 is otherwise identical with the plate Q7 of the preceding example, with its pro vision for admitting .the cables and its bearing for the circuit-breaker shaft, and it also has an identical cover 34. The other parts of the circuit-breaker are as in the preceding example; the only exception being that the shaft 1S is not as long as the shaft 18 i where it., projects out from the,v bearing of the plate 27'; being merely long enough to carry ixed thereon a segmental pinion 96 in mesh with a segment. 97 which forms one end of a roc-ker arm 98 having its fulcrum 99 ixed in the plate 93 near the front edge thereof at the level of the shaft 18. There is a bushing 100 around this fulerum 99 outside the arm 98, and a wire spring 101 is coiled around this bushing and hasI a member 102 projecting under a projection 103 which the arm has near its segment 97 and another member 104 bearing back against a projection 105 on the face of the plate 93. diere the rocker arm 98 projects back past its fulcrum 99 there is a segmental slot 106 in the plate 93 and this part of the arm has a pin 107 projecting in through this slot. On the inner side of' the plate 93 a bell crank has its fulcrum 108 on thelevel ot' the shaft 1S and fulcrum `9.9, and one of its arms 109 projects over and is slotted to receive the pin 107, while the other arm,11t)` wardly against the stretch ofthe film 1 be-l low the lower roll or sprocket 2.

The operation of' this modified device 'of this different kind of machine is substantially the same as that of the preceding example; since. when the film 1' slackcns in the aforesaid stretch' and allows the arm to fall back far enough, the connecting mechanism, made up ot' the link 111, the bell crank, `the rocker arm 98, the segment 97 and the segmental pinion 96, will rotate the I circuit-breaker rotor until its arms 5() and 51 break contact with the contact .pieces 41 and l42; but if there is only slight slackening of the film 1, the motion will be lost by virtue of' the arrangement of the pin 19 and recesses 21 as in the preceding example. 4

The spring 101 acts to keep the arm 74l with its roller 77 against-the film and to assist this arm 74 in moving the parts to circuitbreaking position when the film slackens. The handle 112 is for manipulating the arm 74 without the necessity of opening the door 92.

The electrical connections to the do wser 13 in this modification are the same as in the preceding example, as will be readily understood from Fig. 7

Other variations may be required under given conditions, and therefore., while .certain constructiona-l details are deemed preferable in connection with our invention, and we'have shown and described these rather specifically in elucidating the construction and'use of our invention, as is required, We do not Wish to be understood as being limited to such precise showing and description, but having thus fully described our invention, what` we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. The combination with a moving-picturemachine loop-setter, of an electric switch and controlling operative engaging means, engaging with said loop-setter and normally spaced from operative engagement with said switch during normal operations of said loop-setter, but operatively engaged with said switch, under actuation by abnormal operation of said loop-setter, to 4operate said switch.

2. ln combination with a film and filmcarrying means, anv electric. switch, an operative connection to said switch eoacting with one part ot said film to operate said switch upon abnormal loosening of said part of said film, and an operative'eonnectimi to said switch coacting with another part of said film to operate said switch upon abnormal tightening of said other part ot said film, each one of said operative connections having lost motion whereby normal loosening of said one part or normal tightH 'ening of said other part of said film leaves said switch unoperated.

`In combination with a film, filmcarrying means vcomprising a lower sprocket and a rewinding reel between which part of the film is stretched/said film also having a loop, an electric switch, an operative connect-ion to said switch, supported by said stretched part of said film and operating said switch when said stretched part of" said film abnormally slackens, and A an operative connection to said switch, engaged by said loop, and thereby ope-rating said switch, when said loop abnormally shortcns each one of said operative connections having lost motion whereby normal slackening of said stretched part of said film or normal shortening of said loop leaves said switch unoperatcd.

4. In combination with a film and filmcarrying means stretching part of said film, a shaft journaled adjacent to said part of said film, means fixed on` said shaft and extending radially therefrom againstl said part of said film whereby said shaft is rotated upon change in tension of said film, a contact memberturning with said shaft and movable axially of said shaft, contact pieces, means having yieldable pressure. on said contact member axially of said shaft to press said contact member against said contact pieces, while said contact member is in one position, said contact member break.- ing contact with said contact pieces upon rotation of said contact member to another position, engaging means engaged by another part ot'said film upon change in ten sion of said other part of said film. and means operatively connected to, said engaging means to move said contact member away from one of said contact pieces` against said yieldablc pressure, when said engaging means is engaged by said other part ot' said film.

5 lIn combination -with a film and filmcarrying means stretching part of said film, a shaft jollrnaled adjacent to said part of said film, means' fixed to said shaft and extending radially therefrom against said part of said film whereby said shaft is rotated upon change in tensiony of said film, a conlit) tact member turning with saidshaft and movable axially of said shaft, contact pieoes, means having yieldable pressure on said contact member axially of said shaft to press said contact member against said Contact pieces while said contact member is in one position, said contact member breaking contact with said contact pieces upon rotation of said contact member to another position, said film having a loop, a loopsetter for said loop, and meansoperativey connected to said' loop-'setter to move said contact member away from one of said Contact pieces, against said' yieldable pressure, when said loop-setter operates upon shortening of said loop.

6. In combination with a film and filmcarrying means stretching part of said film. a shafty journaled adjacent to said part of said film, means fixed to said shaft and extending radially therefrom. against said part of said film whereby said shaft is rotated upon change in tension of said film, a Contact member rotatably mounted on said shaft and movable axially of said shaft, engaging means whereby said Contact member rotates with saidA shaft during only part of the rotation of the shaft, contact pieces, means having yieldable pressure on said contaet member axially of said shaft against said Contact pieces'while said contact meniber is in one position, said Contact member breaking contact with said contact pieces upon rotation' of said contact member-to another position, engaging means engaged by another part of said lm upon change in tension of said other part of said film, and means operatively connected to said kengaging means to move said contact member away from-one of said contact pieces, against said yieldable pressure, when said engaging frreans is engaged by said other part of said 7. In combination with a film and filmcarrying means stretching part of said film,

a shaft journaled adjacent to said part of said film, means fixed to said shaft and extendingiadially therefrom against said `part of said film whereby said shaft is rotated upon change in tension of said film, a con-y in one position. said Contact member breaking .Contact with said Contact piecesupon rotation of said contact member to another position, said film having a loop, a loopsetter for said loop. and means operatively connected to said loop-setter to move said contact member away from one'of said Conening of said loop.

8. In combination with a film and filmcarrying means stretching part of said film, a shaft journaled adjacent to said partei said film, means fixed to said shaft and ex- .tending radially therefrom against said part of said film whereby said shaft. is i'otated upon `change in tension of said film, a Contact member rotatably mounted on said shaft and movable axially of said shaft, en-

gaging means wh'ereb said Contact member rotates with said sha t during only part of the rotation of the shaft, contact pieces, means having yieldable pressure on said Contact member axially ofsaid shaft against said Contact pieces while said Contact member' is in one position, said Contact member breaking contact with said Contact pieces upon rotation of said Contact member to another position, one of the contacting sur-faces having a sloped terminal part whereby the yieldably pressed iContact member breaks its Contact with said contact pieces suddenly during said rotation, engaging means engaged by another part of said film upon change in tension of said other part of said film, and means operatively connected to said engaging means to Imove said contact member away from, one* of said cont-.ict pieces, against said yieldable pressure, when said engaging means is engaged by said other part of said film.

9. In combination with a film and filmcarrying means stretching part of said film,

a shaft journaled adjacent to said part of said film, means fixed to said shaft and extending radially therefrom against said part of said film whereby said shaft is rotated upon change Iin tension of said film. a Contact member rotatably mounted on said shaft and movable axially of said shaft, engaging means whereby said contact member rotates with said shaft during only part ofthe rotation of the shaft, Contact pieces, means having yieldable pressure on said contact member axiallyof said shaft against said Contact pieces while said contact member is in one position, said Contact member breaking contact with saidl Contact pieces upon rotation of said contact member to another position, oneof the contacting surfaces having a sloped terminal part whereby the yieldably pressed Contact member breaks its Contact with said contact pieces suddenly during said rotation, said film having a loop. a loop-setter forsaid loop, and means operatively conneted to said loop-setter to move said Contact member away from one of said Contact pieces, against said yieldable pressure, when said loop-setter operates upon shortening 'of said loop.

10. The combination with a movingpicture-machine and a. film operated there-a by with a normally stretched part anda normally slackened part, a switch comprising a rotatable and `axially movable contact member, and contact pieces with which respective adjacent parts of saidv member contact in one position or break Contact upon rotation or axial movement to another position, an operativeconnection khaving ope ative engagement with said stretched part of said film and rotating engagement with said member, and an operative connection having operative engagement with said slackened part oit said film and axially-moving engagementwith said member,-upon abnormal stretching or slaekening of the respective parts of said film.

11. The combination with a movingpicture-machine and a film operated thereby with `a-normally stretched part and a. normally slackened part, a switch comprising a rotatable and axially movable contact member, and contact pieces with which respective adjacent parts of said member contact in one position or break contact upon rotation or axial movement. to another position, an operative connection having opjerative engagement with one of said parts of said film and rotating engagement with said member. 'and an operative connection having operative engagement with another one of' said parts of said film and axially-moving engagement with said member, upon abnormal changes of tension-of the respective parts of the film..

12. The combination with a movingpicture-machine and a film operated thereby with a part susceptible to abnormal changes of tension, a switch comprising yieldablycontacting relatively slidable elements, one of which has a terminal part of its contacting surface sloped, and an operative connection having operative engagement with said part of said film and engagement with one of said elements upon ab- `normal change of said tension to slide one of said elements until the sole contact yof said elements is within said sloped terminal part, to cause sudden parting of said elements 13. The combination with a movingpicture-nnichine and a film operated therebv with parts respectively susceptible to abnormal changes in tension. a switch comprising yieldably contacting elements `one ot which is. slidable on the other 'and one of which has a terminal part of its contacting surface sloped, an operative connection having operative engagement with one of said parts of said film and engagement with said slidable element upon abnormal change of the tension ot said part., to slide said element until the isole, contact of said elements is within said sloped terminal part, to cause sudden parting ot said elements, and an operative connection having operative engagetion or axial movement to another position.

movable means normally spaced from rotating engagement with said rotatable member, but engaging to rotate said member out of contacting position upon abnormal Inovement of said movable means, and movable means normally spaced from operative cngagement with said contact member` but engaging to. move said member axially away from said contact pieces upon abnormal movement ot this movable means.

1.5. In a device ot the character described.

an electric switch comprising aV rotatable axially yieldable contact member, and contact pieces with b'oth ot which respective adjacent parts of .said member contact; in one position or break contact upon rotation or axialy movement to another position.l mov- .able means normally spaced from rotating engagement with said rotatable membei, but engaging to rotate said memberout of contact-ing position upon abnormal movement of said movable means, and movable means normally spaced Jfrom operative engagement with said contact member, but engaging to move said member .axially away trom said contact pieces upon abnormal liiovemcnt of this movable means, one of the contacting surfaces having a sloped terminal part whereby' the yieldably contacting member breaks its contact with said contact pieces suddenly during said rotation.

' 16.`I`n combination with a film and Hlmcarrying means stretching part of said film. a shaft journaled adjacent'to said part of. said film, means tixcd to said shalt and extending radially theretrom against: said part of said film whereby said shaft is rotated upon change in tension of said film, al contact member rotatably mounted on said shaft and movable axially of said shaft. engaging means whereby said contact member rotates with said shaft during only part ot the rotation of the shaft. contact pieces, means having yieldable pressure on said contact member axially of said .shaft against said contact pieces while said contact member is in one position,l said contact member breakin;` contact with said contact pieces uponl rotation ot said contact member to another position, said contact pieces and said contact member having the terminal parts of their contacting surfaces sloped. whereby the yieldably pressed contact member breaks pieces, against said yieldable pressure, when said engaging means-is engaged by said other part of said film.

17. In combination with a film and filmcarrying means stretching part of said film, a shaft jonrnaled adjacent to said, part of said film, means xed to said-shaft and extending radially therefrom against said part of said film whereby said shaft is rotated upon Change in tension dif said film, a eon taet member rotatablymounted on said shaft and movable axially of said shaft, engaging means whereby said Contact member rotates with said shaft during only part of the rotation of the shaft, Contact pieces, means having yieldable pressure on said `contact -member axially of said shaft against said Contact pieces while sald'contaet meinber is in one position, said Contact member.

breaking Contact with said contaet`pieees upon rotation of said Contact member to another position, said Contact pieces and Said Contact member having the terminal parts of their contacting surfaces sloped, whereby the yieldably pressed Contact member breaks Contact with said Contact pieces suddenly during said rotation` said ilm having a loop, a loop-setter for said loop. and means operatively connected to said loop-setter to move said Contact members away from one of said Contact pieces, against said yieldable pressure, when said loopsetter operates upon shortening of said loop.

HARRY E. HARBAUGH. CHARLES FRANK BUQUO. GEORGE ESPAETH. Witnesses: y JAMES N. RAMSEY, CmRENCn Pnnnriw.

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