US1468356A - Gas burner - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 18,1923.

D. S. COLE GAS BURNER Filed June 13, 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet l Sept. 18 1923. 1,468,356

D S. COLE GAS BURNER 7 Filed June 13 1921 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 65 g g 45 W 65 L Q r--------1= HH /3/ mm Patented Sept, 18, 1923.

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DWIGHT S. (.lOLE, 01F GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN.

GAS BURNER Application filed June 13, 1921. fiierial No. 477,001.

To all whom it may concern:

- Be it known that I, DWIGHT citizen of the United States of America, residing at Grand Ra ids, in the county of Kent and State of hfichigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Gas Burners; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improved means for burnin gases, and more specifically to improved burners forming parts of automatic rapid water heaters, but not necessarily limited in its application thereto. 1

The objects of my invention are: to provide an improved burner for the gas burned in such automatic rapid water heaters whereby a highly eificient combustion of the gas is instantly attained upon ignition and maintained practically constant thereafter S. Gone, a.

regardlessof the period of time the burner is in operation; to prevent heat from accumulating in the upper parts ofthe burner while the heater is in operation and wasted thereafter; to avoid 'back-lighting therein Without the employment of screens; to prevent objectionable concussions or explosions when the burner is ignited or extinguished; to regulate the air supply to part of the flames as an aid to perfect combustion of the gas without admitting an excessive amount of unheated air to harmfully increase the volume and lower the temperature of the products of combustion passing to the water circulating coils of the heater; to provide a burner of ample capacity for the purpose "having its head composed of a single piece or unit adapted to be mounted above and supported entirely by the automatic fuelcontrollin means of the heater, and townstruct sucli burner in a simple, durable and inexpensive manner. How I attain these and other objects of my invention will be explained hereinafter and the forms and relations of the parts of the device are shown by the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification.

A gas burning device constructed in accordance with -my invention comprises in combination a ring-type burner head adapted to receive and distribute the gas mixture to suitable burning-apertures therein and also to have water circulate in an annular passage therein; means for mounting said head comprising a tubular member adapted for the passage of water therethrough into said annular-passages in said head and thence outward from said annular passages; an adjustable air-directing shield over the central portion of said burner head; mixing tubes for gas and air connectedwith and depending from the bottom of the gas distributing chamber in said burner head, and nipples mounted axiall below and adapted to direct gas upward into said mix.- ing tubes, all as hereinafter shown and described and specifically comprehended in the appended claims. For an understandin which the specified an tained reference is made to the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings,in which,

Fig. 1 is a vertical section, with parts in elevation,,of my improved burner, together with its mounting, means of ignition and supplies of water and gas;

Fig. 2 is another verticalsectional elevation of the'device, taken of the plane of'line A-B of ing and looking in the direction of the little arrows at the ends of said line;

Fig. 3 is a top view, made at a reduced scale, of the head or main portion of my improved burner, and

Fig. 4 is a bottom view, also made at a reduced scale, of the head or main portion of my improved burner. A 7

Like reference characters refer to like parts in the diiferent figures of the drawof the invention by other ends are at it eferring to the drawings, ,Fig. 1 discloses, among other things, my new and improved ignition system for the burners of rapid automatic water heaters and how' it serves to i ite the gas issuing from the burning orifices of my improved burner. This ignition system constitutes a separate invention, disclosed in most of its essentials in U. S. Letters Patent No. 951,724, issued to me March 8, 1910, and with an important additional element herewith disclosed is to form the subject matter of. another application for U. S. Letters Patent by me at an early date. Figs. 1 and 2 also disclose some elements and features of my new automatic valve mechanism for rapid water heaters, which also forms a separate invention upon which an application for U. S. Letters Patent, Serial No. 469,371, filed May 13,

Fig. 1, perpendicular. to the draw- 3 19 21, is now pending. Figs. 1 and 2 further disclose portions of the base of the casing of my improved automatic rapid water heater, but said base forms no integral part of my present invention. My purpose 111 disclosin these several associated elements of my improved automatic rapid water heater is to show how the assemblage of parts of my new and improved mechanism unction together to achieve the desired re sults.

As disclosed by the drawings, my new and improved gas burner is unique in its class, both in the manner of its being mounted and in that provisionis made therein for the circulation of cool water to abstract heat from the metal of the burner and thus prevent any considerable rise of temperature in the upper portions of the head thereof. Moreover, an adjustable shield in the form of a disk is mounted over the central portion of the head ofthe'burner to control and direct the air which rises through openings through the said head into the fire, thus aiding the combustion of the gas and preventing unheated air'from risin and mingling with the products of combustion and harm-' fully lowering the temperature thereof.

' Referring to the drawings: numeral 1 designates the base of the casing of my improved automatic rapid water heater, having curved cored passages, 2, therein for conducting gas from its inlet orifice,-3, through the top wall thereof, to nipples, 4, mounted in said top wall adjacent the ends of said passages as-shown in Figs. '1 and 2; 5 the outer upwardly-projecting annular rim of base 1 to which the side walls (not shown) of the heater are secured; 6 the central circular aperture through said base, within annular upwardly-projecting flange 7; 8 the brackets or lugs, formed integrally with flange 7, upon which the main casing, 9 of my improved automatic valve mechanism, hereinbefore referred, to, is firmly secured by screws (not shown) 10 the water chambers end of valve casing 9, into which'water under service pressure enters through pipe 11 12 the inner or constantly-supplied gas chamber and 13 the outer or periodically-- supplied" gas chamber in casing 9; 14 the vertical partition between chambers 12 and -13, having a circular perforation, 15, there throughg-16 the smooth annular marginal surface surrounding perforation and adapted to form a valve seat; 17 the valve dislr (operably mounted in chamber 13) adapted to co-act with valve seat 16 to form a valve to control the flow of gas to the main and igniting burners of the heater as the automatic valve mechanism functions in service; 18 the orifice in bottom of chamber 13 coinciding in fornr to andpositioned over orifice3 in base 1;. 19 the pipe which conducts gas from service aeaaee to the constantly-burning small pilot flame or jet 21; 22 the nipple which conducts gas from chamber 13 into mixing tube 23, when the heater. is in operation; 24 the tip or jet end of nipple 22; 25 the air ihlet orifices in tube 23 adjacent jet 24; 26 the slot through the front wall of tube 23 adjacent flame 21; 27 the flame at slot 26, and 28 the flame at top of tube 23, when the heater is in operation; 29 the water-pistons-element in the cylindrical portion, 30, of water chambers 10, having perforations, 31, through the up per piston thereof; 32 the recess in rear wall of easing 9 which permits the incoming water to freely pass the solid lower piston of pistons-element 29, when the heater is in operation, as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 2; 33 the lugs at, and34 the packing inset in the top end of cylinder portion, 30, of casing 9; 35 the tubular mount for the main burner casting: 36 the lugs at bottom of burner mount 35: 37 the screws which pass through perforations in lugs 33 and screw into threaded perforations in lugs 36. thereby securing burner mount 35 to casing 9; 38 the diagonally'transverse partition in tubular burner mount 35; 39the outlet orifice through the side wall of burner mount 35 adjacent partition 33: v40 the inlet orifice through the side wall of burner mount 35 adjacent partition 38 and opposite perforation 39; 41 the top orifice or outlet of tubular burner mount 35; 42 the externallythreaded portion of mount 35; 43 the enternally-cylindrical portion of mount 35. from threaded portion 42 to top end. 44', thereof; 45 the main burner casting; 46 the axiallyperforated hub or central element of cast- 2 ing 45; 47 the lower internally-threaded por- ,tion of hub 46, adapted to engage threaded nally-threaded portion of the upwardly-projecting end of hub 46; 53 the internally threaded ringadapted to engage with and screw upon portion 52 of hub 46; 54 the airdirecting shield secured to ring 53 by rivets, .55, passing through perforations in said ring and said shield, as clearly shown in Figs. 1 and 2; 56 the upwardly-turned circumferential marginof shield 54; 57 the hollow arm of burner casting 45, adapted to conduct water from bore 43 in hub 46 to the semiannular passages, 58, formed in casting 45 i water heaters have (ill) the heads of such aaeaeee conducts the water inward to bore 48; 60 the annular gas-distributing chamber of the burner; .61 the radial slots forming the.

orifices through which the gas escapes to be burned 62 the flames formed by the burning gas (two flames being shown in radial profile) as it issues from slots 61; 63 the orifices through the bottom wall of chamber 60, by which the gas enters said chamber; 64 the mixing tubes suspended below orifices 63; 65 the flanges at tops of mixing tubes 64, whereby said tubes are securely joined to the main burner casting by screws, 66, passing through perforations in said flanges and thence screwing into correspondin threaded perforations in the bottom we of said chamber 60, and 67 the apertures through the central portion of said burner head permit ting the passage of air therethrough to the interior portion of. the flames imuing from slotted orifices, 61, in said burner head.

As heretofore constructed automatic rapid generally been equipped with a multiplicity or battery of Bunsentype burners, each of comparatively small unit capacity. Such burners have comparatively large gas outlets or burning orifices and are equipped with screens adjacent their outlets to prevent the flames at their tops from passing down through their mixing tubes and igniting the gas as it issues from their supply nipples. This action is commonly called back-lighting and is a difficult matter to overcome without employing means which produce harmful edects upon the gas after such burn the combustion of ers have been in service for some time. Particles of dust, floating in the air forced into the mixing tubes by the jets of gas, lodgeon and clog the orifices of the screens employed in such burners and thus cause such burners to lose their original eficiency soon after they are put in service, and periodic cleaning or changing of their screens is necessary to continue such burners in service. oreover, burners having comparatively large jet orifices generally produce considerable concussion upon their ignition or extinguishment, and this is quite a seri ously objectionable feature in a water heater installed in private homes, or in many other places. Another considerabledefect in the designated burners consists in the fact that burners quickly become very hot in service and thus pro-heat and expand the incoming gaseous mixture whereby the capacity of the burners is very noticeably reduced after a brief period of operation. The heatso temporarily stored in the heads of such burners is liberated and harmfully wasted after the fire is extinguished and the water has ceased to flow in the heater coils, as such liberated heat is largely absorbed by the standing water in the heater coils, raises the temperature thereof considerably, and thus aids materially in the deposition of lime or other sedimentary material on the inner wall of the heater coils. The above-enumerated defects in the desigiiated and commonly employed t pes of burners are well known to gas-com ustion experts.

My improved burner overcomes all of the enumerated defects very efi'ectively by the simple means illustrated b the accompanying drawings and described in this specification, thereby making a distinct advance in the art of gas-combustion as applied to automatic rapid water heaters,

It has long been known that, under ordinary conditions of service, a gas flame will not back-light through an adequately narrow slot forming a burner orificethe permissible width of the slot increasing assthe thiclmess of the metal in which the slot. is made increases.

Because they ignite and go out with very little or no concussion, do not back-light, produce good combustion, and are not unduly expensive to construct, the slotted-head burner is a type much to be desired in automatic rapid water heaters. However, this type of burner has not heretofore proven satisfactory, as installed in such heaters, principally because their slotted burning rower from metallic growth, due to being repeatedly heated and cooled through a considerable range of temperature, and they also become clogged with rust, due to the action of the highly corrosive a idulated condensation which frequently drips upon them from the superimposed copper coils in which the water circulates while being heated. In my improved burner the possibility of metallic growth afiecting the slots has been eliminated by the water-cooling provided therein which prevents any harmful range of temperatures in the metal in which the slots are located. l have also eliminated any serious corrosion in the slots of my new burner by so arranging the form of the heating coils thereover that no condensation formed on said coils can fall upon said burner slots.

lln transferring heat to water in any the tallic vessel the highest efficiency results when a maximum difference in temperature exists between the products of combustion and the water. To obtain the maximum temperature of the products of combustion no more air should .be .admitted into the combustion chamber than is esential for the perfect combustion of the ga9es, and that amount of air must be properly directed into the jets of flame close to the oint where they issue from the burner ori ces. To satisfy the foregoing well-established conditions for high efiiciency in my improved water heater 1 have equipped the burner itself with an adjustable air-deflector and shield, 54;, for controlling the air admittted centrally through apertures. 67. in the burner head, and made provision in parts of the heater casing construction (not shown) adjacentthe burner head for preventing an excess of air admission to the combustion chamber externally of said burner head.

Figs. 1 and 2 show that the gas supply for the main burner enters chamber 12 through pipe 19, passes thence through valve port 15 into chamber 13. thence through coinciding orifices 18 and 3 into passages 2 leading to nipples 4, from which it discharges upward into mixing tubes 64 (where it is properly mixed with air) and orifices 63 into distributing chamber 60, from which it issues through slots 61 to be burned. A plan view of the arrangement of passages 57, 58 and 59 is shown by dotted lines in Fig. 4. Figs. 1 and 2 also show that the water supply to the heater enters chambers '10-throughpipe 11, passes through recess 32 and holes 31 (in the upper piston 01f pistons-element 29) into and through burner mount 35, orifice 39 and hollow arm 57. at the outlet end of which the stream divides into two streams which pass through semiannula-r' passages, 58, to the opposite side of l the burner head where said two streams small pilot jet when gas 'opening of the valve between chambers 12 unite and pass inward through hollow arm '59, orifices 40 and 41. and thence upward through rise-pipe to the coils of tubing in the upper. portion of the heater casing. Fig. 1 discloses how the constantly-burning or flame 21 is supplied with gas, through pipe 20, from the constantly supplied chamber 12, and how the burner- ,igniting flame 27 at'the top of tube 23 is ignited by pilot flame 21 through slot 26 is admitted to chamber 13 by the and 13 when the heater is in operation. Radially profile elevations of two of the flames,

62. of the main burner are shown in Fig. l,

and the radially-cut slotted burning orifices, 61, in the outer wall of the burner'casing are indicated, adjacent the outer margin thereof,

evident that said air-directing shield can Fig. 3. The

.less of the ignites and when it is 2, air-directing shield 54 1s 52 of hub 46, it is easily be adjusted, by simply rotating same with respect to casting 45, to control the amount of air admitted to the inner portions of flames 62 and to direct such admitted air properly into said flames. It is to be noted that flames 62 do not impinge upon the outer margin, 56, of disk 54, but are keptfrom so doing by the rising current of air deflected outward by said disk. and that the cool air rising against the whole lower surface of disk 54: efiectively prevents said disk from becoming harmfully heated when the heater is in operation.

As heat flows readily in gray iron castings,

and as the entire burner head, 45, is one in- 39 tegral casting of that material, the cool water flowing through its passages effectively prevents any harmful heating of any portion of said burner head, regardless of the length of time the heater is in continuous operation. Moreover, the currents of, air which rise through mixing tubes 64 and apertures 67 sufiice to keep the burner dry on its exposed surfaces, and no harmful corrosion occurs on said surfaces in practice.

It is tobe observed that in water heaters embodying my improved burners the heat first begins to be applied to the water within the burner itself, and, in that regard, my

improved burner differs from all others 95 known to me in the automatic rapid water heater field.

From the foregoing disclosures of my invention, and of the enumerated dificiencies of the types of burners heretofore commonly 1 employed in automatic rapid water heaters, it appears that I have produced a new burner of such decided merits as to constitute a decided advance in the art of burning gas in made show that the several objects of my 1nvention have been achieved by simple, practical. and inexpensive means. By makingv the burning orifices in the form of slots arranged radially, shown, air .to support the complete combustion of the gas is readily drawn in between the thin flames and a'highly efiicient combustion of the gas is instantly attained upon igniting the burner, I employed in the burner maintains such high efliciency of combustion constantly, regardlength of time the heater is in continuous operation. The water-cooling of the main burner prevents harmful and wasteful accumulations of heat in its headfi Back-lighting is prevented without the use of screens or any additional parts therefor, Objectionable concussions, when the burner being extinguished, are prevented by the slots employed for burning orifices. The air supp 'ed to the central portion of the combustion chamber of the heater (above the burner) is eflectively regulated-by the adjustable air-reguno such heaters. The disclosures 195 and on the burner profile while the water-cooling 115 Leeaeco latingshield employed, and this aids materially in the ediciency of the heater. The

' j arrangement of the burning orifices on the valve mechanism controllin the aission of gas to the main and igniting burners of the heater." revenue burner 18 of a simple and durable construction, and easy and inmerits beyond claim to have passes continuously expensive to manufacture and install.

burner of substantially the same details of construction as that illustrated by the accompanying drawings and described in this specificatmnhas been in constant sermce in my new automatic water heater for a sufiicient period of time to prove its any doubt, and l, therefore, proof of the merits of said burner as they have been set forth.-

ll consider myself entitled to all forms of burner construction comprehended within the scope of the appended claims defining my invention, viz:

.l claim:

l. A burner of substantially circular form adapted to be positioned horizontally and provided with an outer fuel chamber having vertical slots in itsfouter wall in spaced apart relation-to each other, and a circular inner water circulation passage within the outer fuel chamber through which vwater during the operation of the burner. 2. A burner or substantially circular form having an outer annular iuel chamber provided with slots in its outer wall for the esca e of fuel for burning, and an inner annu ar water circulation passage through which water asses continuously during the operation of t e burner. 3. A burner termed as an integral castmg of substantially circular form and provi ed with an inner annular water circulation passage and an outer annular fuel chamber, said outer chamber having inlet 0 enings in its bottom wall for the entrance 0 mixed air and gaseous fuel andfwith a series of spaced apart slots in its outer wall for the escape thereof'tor burning, substan tially as described. v

d. A burner for gaseous fuel comprising an outer annular gaseous tueland air chamber provided with exit means iorthe mixed fuel and air therefrom inner annularwater circulation mediatel inside of the fuelan ber, sai located the burner, substantially as described.

5. A burner for aseous fuel comprising a ubstantially circ dar body having two anassage ima r Chitin: water cllCllldblOll passage being and having fronithe other, the outer wall of the outer chamber being vertically slotted at-spaced for burning, and an,

around vertical openings through nular chambers located one within the other a common wall dividing one apart intervals, a central vertical hub havipg. a lower inlet and an upper outlet, two hollow arms leading from the hub to the inner chamber, and a partition located with in the hub separating the passages through the arms from each other whereby water carried into the inlet end of the hub passes through the inner chamber and out at the outlet end of the hub.

6. A horizontally located burner provided with an annular water circulation nasa vertical hub to the and outlet ends connect sage therethrough, burner having inlet ed with said passage, and means dividing the hub to thereby separate the inlet and outlet ends thereof, substantially as described.

7. A burner comprising a vertical hollow hub-like member. having inlet and outlet pipes connected to its lower and upper ends respectively, hollow arms extending from opposite sides of said hub-like member and having the passages therethrough'communicating with the vertical hollow through said hub-like member, an annular member carried by said hollow arms and having two annular chambers therein-the inner one of said chambers connecting with the passages in said hollow arms and the outer one having a plurality of vertical spaced-apart slots formed in its outer wall, and a diagonal partition extending across the vertical bore in said hub-like member to separate the inlet and outlet ends thereof.

8. in combination, a burner comprising an annular membena central vertical hub to which the member is connected, there being vertical openings through the burner-between the annular member and-hub, and a plate located horizontally over the burner and attached to the upper end of the hub, said plate having an upturned outer margin extending beyond the vertical openings throu h the burner, substantially as describe 9. ln combination, a burner comprisin an annular member, a central vertical hu around which the annular member is horizontally located and to which it is connected, said member having an annular chamber therein for mixed air and gaseous fuel and in the outer wall of which a pluralitymounted for vertical adjustment on the upper. end of the hub, saidplate being horizontally positioned and extending at its outer portions over a portion or" the anmilar member, substantially as described;

10. In comhination with a vertical inlet water pipe, a burner horizontally located at and around the upper end of said pipe, an annular water passage in said burner with one end of which the pipe connects, a riser pipe connected with the opposite end of said passage, said burner also including an annular chamber around the water paage formed with openings in its bottom wall and with a consecutive series of vertical slots spaced apart in its outer wall, mixing tubes connected to and depending "from. the burner, one at each of said openings in the bottom wall of the annular chanihei' and gaseous fuel nipples located at the lower neeaete ends of the mixing tuhes, substantially as described, 11. A- burner of circular formation having an annular fuel chamber, the outer wall of which'is provided with slots for escape of the fuel for burning, and also having an annular passage insideof the fuel chamber for the circulation of water, the inner wall of the fuel chamber comprising portions of the ends of said annular passage for carrying water to and away from said water passage through the burner.

In testimony whereof l a my signature.

neirr s, corn.

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