US1465752A - Manufacture of gasoline - Google Patents

Description

ug. 2l, 1923.

R.`YATEs MANUFACTURE OF GASOLINE Filed July 6, 1920 2 Sheets-Sheet l Aug. 21, 1923. 1,465,752

R. YATES MANUFACTURE OF' GASOLINE Filed July 6 1920 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Aug. 2l', 1923.

ROBERT YATES, 0F PASSAI, NEW JERSEY.

MANUFACTURE 0F GASOLINE.

Application led lJuly 6, 1920. Serial No. 394,200.

To all whom t 'ma-y concern.'

Be it known that I, ROBERT YATES, a citizen of the United States` residing in the city of Passaic, State of New Jersey, have invented new and useful Improvements'in the Manufacture of Gasoline, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to processes for reducing high boiling petroleum oils to lower boiling oils and theuobject is to devise a process by which the oils may be passed thru the several stages of treatment in one continuous, uninterrupted operation. Apparatus, suitable for the practice of this process is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which z- Fig. l shows a longitudinal section of the heating chambers with the decomposing cylinders and preheater enclosed therein, in elevation; also the separators, condenser and deodorizine tanks in elevation.

Fig. 2 is a plan of Fig. 1, showing a sectional plan of 'one-half of the heating chambers and a top view of the other half; also a top view of the separators, condenser and treating tanks.

Fig. 3 is a front View of the deodorizing tanks.

Fig. 4 is a vertical section of the Vaporizing cylinder D, of Fig. 1, showing the pressure relief valve 230, connecting the decomposing cylinders with this vaporizing cylinder.

Fig. 5 is a vertical section of the separators or primary condensers, showing the pebble basket 29, cold water coils 28, and central well 31.

Further reference is made to my United States Patent No. 1,395,075. October 25, 1921, for process and apparatus for treating petroleum oils to produce gasoline, in which the operation of the decomposing chambers herein referred to, and preferred in the operation of this process, are more fully described and illustrated.

Describing the separate parts and their several functions, similar characters referring to similar parts thruout the several views.

9 refers to a pipe supplying the original oils. i

l0 is a feed pump.

11 is a pipe from the pump 10 to the heater H.

H is a heater of any suitable form, by

14 refers to rotating drums within the decomposing cylinders asshown in dotted lines. These drums have openings in the necks, thru which the oil and vapors enter the drums, and open bottoms thru which both oil and vapors leave the drums. These drums serve two purposes, first to reduce the body of oil in the cylinders 'to an annular sheet, between the drums and cylinders,l to facilitate vaporization at moderate temperature; and secondly to retain the vapors for a period of time within the drums and within 'the surrounding. sheet of oil, thus decomposing the oil inl vapor form at moderate temperature and with the least formation of noncondensable gases and carbon.

21 refers to an annular space between the drums 14 and shell 13 of the decomposing cylinders.

22 refers to pipes for draining the decomposing cylinders when required.

220 is a .pipe for drawing off the tarry residue from the vaporizing cylinder D.

23 refers to pipes conducting the vapors and oils from the annular space 2l of one decomposing cylinder into the vapor drum of the next cylinder.

230 is a pressure relief valve thru which the 'vapor pressure is reduced from high pressure in the decomposing cylinders A, B and C to low pressure in the vaporizing cylinder D.

D, Figs. 1, 2 and 4, is a vaporizing cylinder, wherein the high boiling oils and tarry residues passing over from the decomposing cylinders are separated and in which 25 is a rotating shaft, and

26 .refers to sweeps suspended on arms attached to the shaft 25, to sweep the interior of the cylinder and prevent the accumulation of tar near the hot shell of the cylinder. In 'this cylinder the vapor pressure is reduced to below 20 pounds per squareinch,

while the teniperature of' both vapors and oils, passing over from the decomposing cylinders is maintained, thus permitting oils held in liquid form under the high pressure in the decomposing cylinders, te vaporize under the lower pressure in this cylinder D. rllhe temperature of the vapors may be here decreased by expansion due to reduced pressure, but this decrease is at the same time counteracted by an Vincrease of temperature due to passing thru the contracted throat of the pressure relief valve. These reactions are however unimportant as the resultant vapors entering thisl cylinder D immediately pass out thru pipe 24, While the unvaporized oils and residues tall into the cylinder where they are allowed to accumulate to about the level of the line L; the oils here then slowly vaporize under action of the hot gases of combustion passing around the cylinder, the vapors then pass out of this cylinder thru pipe 24 with the lighter vapors to the separator S1, while the tarry residue accumulating in the cylinder is drawn off thru pipe 220 at 'the bottom.

S1 and S2, Figs. 1, 2 and 5, are separators or primary condensers constructed alike and performing similar functions, in which 27 is a nozzle thru which the vapors enter the separator; this nozzle is perforated on only one side, so thatthe issuing vapors give a rotative movement to the oil in the separator.

28 refers to cold Water coils submerged in the oil in the separator to regulate the temperature, the cooling Water for these coils is preferably drawn from the condenser tank where a uniform temperature is assured, the temperature of the oil in the separator is regulated by regulating the flow of Water thru pipes 42 and 43, feeding and draining these coils (see Fig. l).

29 is a basket filled with pebbles to scrub the vapors.

30 is the, vapor outlet.

300 is a pipe conducting the vapors from the outlet 3() (Figs. 2 and 5) ot' separator S1, to the nozzle 27 of separator S2.

31 is a well receiving the overflow oil from the surrounding coil chamber. This well acts as an automatic valve by having a closed bottom with an extended neck 310, designed to slide up and down on the pipe 32 and close or open the ports 320. (lil accumulates in the separator to the line L, then overiows into the well sinking it to the position shown. this oil then discharges thru the ports 320 and pipe 32 until the buoying eort of oil surrounding the well exceeds the Weight of the well where it again rises and closes the ports 320. thus controlling the discharge automatically.

32 refers to the discharge pipes conducting the discharged oils from separators S14 and S2 hack to the feed pump 10. 'Two separators are preferred, to thoroughly wash and scrub the gasoline vapors before going to the coinlenser, though only one may be used if desired.

l`hc condenser (Figs. l and 2) mayebeot any suitable Aform but should be placed so that the discharge from the coils will be above the treating tanks T1, T2 and T, to prevent acid vfrom hacking up into thc coils.

This process` comprises the following distinct ,steps connected with cach other in one continuous operation: first, reducing the original oil to a synthetic crudeby partial evaporation and decomposition; second, separating the unvaporized asphaltic iiraction from this crude by distillation; third, separating 'fractions ot' oil boiling above the boiling point ot the required gasoline, hy condensing these fractions out of the resultant vapors; fourth, Washing, scrubbing and condensing the vapors of gasoline.

Describing the operation of the process following the course of the oil and vapors thru the apparatus as indicated by the smallv arrows Fresh oil is pumped from pipe J thru a pump 10 and pipe ll into the heater ll, where it is heated to above 200 1"., then passed thru pipe 12 and dome 17 into the neck ot the interior drum 14, otl cylinder A., then down into the drum; here the oils arc partially vaporized, the vapors tilling the drinn under pressure expels the oil thru the open bottom into an annular space 2l hctween the drum and the cylinder, whcre both oil and vapors are subjected to a tempera( ure ot (5500 to 850O F. as they rise thru this space, then discharge, thru pipes 23 into cylinders l and where the above described action is repeated successively. The vapors and oils now pass from the decomposing cylinder (l thru a pressure relief valve 231), 'mio the vaporizing cylinder l), where the vapor pressure is reduced from the high pressure ot above 35 pounds per square inch in the decomposing cylinders to below 2() pounds in this` cylinder D, thus liberating vapors that were held down under the higher pressure. The remaining high boiling oils and residues fall into the cylinder I) where the oils vaporize under the high tcu'iperaturc and reduced pressure in this cylinder. the vapors then pass out thru pipe 21 with the lighter vapors while the accumulating residues are drawn otli Jfrom the bottom ot this cylinder thru pipe 220. The mixed vapors passing thru pipe. 2-t discharge into the separator S1, and into a body of oil maintained at a teniperature of 400o to (300O F., wherein oils boiling above this temperature are condensed out of the vapors and returned thru the feed pump 10, while vapors of oil boiling below this temperature pass up thru the basket of pebbles in the neck of the separator and tit) ltlii llU are scrubbed,l then out at the top and over thru pipe 300 into separator S2, and into a second body' of oil maintained at the boiling temperature of gasoline; here oils boiling above this temperature are condensed out of the vapors and remain to return, together with the condensate from separator S1, hack thru the feed pump 10. The gasoline vapors now pass up thru a second basket of pebbles in the neck of this separator S2, and are again scrubbed, then pass thru pipe 30 to the condenser coils. The gasolinel and noncondensable gases, following the course of the arrows, pass from the condenser through the treating tanks T1, T2 and T3, wherein the pressure is reduced to that only ref quired to discharge the gases and gasoline; the entire process operating under continuous, declining pressure. from the furnace F, the hot gases of combustion follow the course indicated by the feathered arrows, passing around the decomposing cylinders A, B, C, and Vaporizing clyinder D, then thru and around the heater H to the stack above.

Temperatures and pressures herein given, also the number of similar parts and their arrangement, as shown on the drawings, are not to be considered as specific to this invention. but subject to change according to requ i rement-s.

Claims:

l. A process for manufacturing gasoline. b v reducing high boiling petroleum oils to lower boiling oils. comprising: decomposing the oil in both oil and vapor form in cylinders, having a rotating drum within each c vlinder, the oil and vapor entering the drum under vapor pressure, the vapors filling the drum and expelling the oil into an annular space between the drum and cylinder, circulating the oil around the annular space to prevent local overheating, and subjecting it to a moderate decomposing temperature in contact with the heating surface of the cvliuder, also subjecting the vapors within the drum to the same moderate dccomi'iosing temperature as the oil, and for a period of time sufficient. to etl'ect decomposition. while protecting these vapors from overheating by the surrounding sheet of oil in the annular Vspace.: then reducing the vapor pressure to liberate vapors previously held down as oil under the higher pressure and precipitating unvaporized high boiling oils and asphaltie residue out of the vapors into a vaporizing cylinder, and maintaining a vaporizing temperature therein to vaporize these high boiling oils: drawing off the asphaltic residue from this cylinder and conducting the vapors of both high and low boiling oils to a separator.

Q. A process for manufacturing gasoline by reducing high boiling petroleum oils to lower boiling oils, comprising; decomposing Heat is suppliedV of the cylinder, also subjecting the vapors within the drinn to the same moderate decomposing temperaturehas t-he oil, and for a period of time sutlicient to etl'cct decomposition, while protecting these vapors from overheating by the surrounding sheet ot oil in the annular space then reducing the yapor pressure to libia-ate vapors previously held down as oil under the higher pressure and precipitating ui'ivapm'izcd high boiling oils and asp'haltic residue out of the vapors into a vaporizing cylinder, and maintaining a vaporizing temperature therein to vaporizc these high boiling oils; drawing oft' the asphaltic residue from this cylinder and conduct-ing the vapors of both high and low lmiling oils to a separator; here condensing out of these vapors oils boiling above 500o to 600O F'. by passing them thru a body of oil maintained at this temperature in said separator, at the same time washing and refining the vapors of lower boiling oils thru said body of oil, then conducting these vapors of lower boiling oils thru a scrubbing medium to a second separator; here, again passing these vapors of lower boiling oils thru a second body of oil maintained at the boiling temperature of the required gasoline A and condensing out oils boiling above this temperature, washing and further refining the vapors of gasoline in this second body of oil then conducting them thru a second scrubbing medium to the final condenser, while drawing ott' the higher boiling fractions of oils from both mentioned separators and returning them to the decomposing cylinders with the original fresh oil, vthe entire process operating continually under dcclining pressures.

3. In a process for manufacturing gasoline by reducing high boiling petroleum oils to lower boiling oils, passing the vapors and unvaporized oils from decomposing cylinders into a vaporizing cylinder and reducing the vapor pressure in this cylinder to liberate vapors previously held downas oil under the higher pressure; precipitating high boiling oil and asphaltic residues out of the vapors into this vaporizing cylinder and circulating this oil and residue to prevent carbon forming on the shell; while circulating the hot furnace gases around outside of the cylinder and maintaining high temperature therein to Vaporize and separate the high boiling oils out of the asphaltic residues; drawing olif the asphaltio residues 1" rom the bottom of the vaporizing cylinder und conducting them to a furnace or a storage tank, "-.vliile conduction' all of the vapols of both high and low boiling oils to a separator, here separating out of these vapors coils boiling above the boiling temperature of the reqired gasoline and returning such high boiling oils to Athe decomposing cylinders while conducting away and oonrlensing 10 the gasoline vapors.

Signed at New Yorininthe county of New York and State of New York, this 2d day of July, A. D. 1920.

ROBERT YATES.

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