US1312265A - Process ahd apparatus eob befihutg- oils - Google Patents

Description

. IJ. R; MILLER.

PROCESS AND APFARATUSFOR REFINING OILS.

^ APPLICATION man MAR.13. 191e.

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Patenjted Aug. 5, 1919.

WIT/VESSES Amm/frs JAMES RQYS vIl lIll-'LLIIEIR., 0F OKMULGE, OKLAHOMA..

PROCESS D APPARATUS FOR REFINING OILS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed March 13, 1918. Serial No. 222,176.

To all whom t may concern:

13e it known that I, JAMES R. MILLER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Ukmulgee, in the county of Okmulgee and State of Oklahoma, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes and Apparatus for Refining ils,'of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in processes and apparatus for refining oil, and it consists in the steps hereinafter specified and in the means for carrying out the steps.

An object of my invention is to provide a process for cracking hydrocarbon for gasolene, toluol or benzene, which is more economical that thel ordinary process, and which therefore produces these products at a. relatively loT cost. v

A further object of my invention is to provide a process by means of which it is possible to produce synthesized products of desired composition at a relatively small cost.

A further object of my invention is to provide a novel form of apparatus for carrying out the cracking process, by means of which the process maybe rendered continuous.

`A further object of my invention is to provvide a novel form ofsyiithesis tower having a relativelylarge capacity thereby permitting the gases and vapors to be held therein a sutlicient time to bring about the desired reaction. while not interfering with the continued operation of the device.

Other objects and advantages will appear in the following specification and the novel features of the invention will be particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

My invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing forming part of this application. in which:

Figure 1 is a sectional view of a novel forni of cracking tube, and synthesis tower, and f Fig. 2 is a view showing sections ofa gas vapor receiver, a fractionator and a condenser.

1n carrying out my invention, 1 provide a cracking tube 1 which is disposed in a vertical position as shown in Fig. 1, in the in-l terior of a furnace 2.`such as a gas fire apparatus which in the present instance is provided with injectors or burners 3, by means of which liquid or gaseous fuel may be fed into the furnace. The arrangement is suchJ that the hottest part of the tube is toward lthe bottom, and to this end an exit Hue l is provided toward the bottom of the furnaceso as to cause the products of comcontrolled by a damper 6. A pipe 7 also communicates with the flue A and is provided with a damper S.

Alltattenteadl Aug.. 5., 12119.

At the bottom of the cracking tube 1 a receiver 9 -for the carbon and heavy oils. This is provided with a drain pipe 10 controlled by a valve 11. A pipe 12 leads from the receiver to the gas synthesis tower 14, the pipe 12 being controlled by a valve 13. The pipe 74 conducts the products of combustion inte the space 15 which .sur-l rounds the synthesis tower. 1While ll have shown the casing or body portion of the` furnace 16 which heats the synthesis tower as heilig separate from the furnace 2, it will be obvious that-these two structures might be made integral without departingr from'` the spirit of the invention.

The gas synthesis tower is preferably made of some conducting material such' as sheet steel or other suitable heat conducting meta-l. It will be noted that the exit flue 17 is near the top of the heating device.

Disposed within the synthesis tower is a central partition 18 which extends from the bottom ofthe device upwardly, but ter screen 19. At the bottonrof the synthesis tower are two pipes 20' 'and 21 which are controlle-dby the valves 20x and 21", re`

spectively; A series of pipes'22, 23, 24:, 2'5 and 26 which are controlled by the valves 22x. 23X, 24x. 25X and 26X respectively, communicate with the gas synthesis tower at different points, the pipe 22 being disposed at a point below the upper end of the partition 18, while the pipes 23, 24, 25 and 26 are arranged below the pipe 22 as clearly `niinates short of a perforated plate or' shown in the drawing. At the top of thev fractionator is a pipe 35 whichfleads to the into compartment B. Any

condenser coil of the condenser 37. The latter is preferably filled with cold water so that the coil 36 is submerged.

' From the fore oing description of the various parts of t e apparatus, the process of refining the oil may be readily understood. The process of producing gaso-lene is as follows:

The crude oil is admitted into the to of the cracking tube 1 through a pipe 38. PThe oil passes down the tube and due to the heating` action is cracked into gases and vapors. These gases and vapors pass down through the tube into the carbon and heavy .oil receiver 9 and thence through the vapor line 12 to the gas synthesis tower. The valve 13 is normally open, but may be closed when the contents of the receiver 9 is discharged through the pipe 10 so as not to disturb the gases and vapors in the synthesis tower.

The cracking tube is maintained at a temperature greater than 500o F. and under a pressure of over 50 pounds. n

The synthesis tower is maintained at the `same, pressure as that in the cracking tube but at a lower temperature. The gases'and vapors from the vapor line pass into compartment A of the synthesis tower and .thence over the partition 18. The light fixed gases passthrough the perforated plate 19 into the upper portion of the tower and are then pumped back again through the pipe 40 by means of the pump 39 into the cracking` tube.

he heavier gases and vapors pass over vapors which pass into the eXtreme top 45 of the synthesis tower are condensed and are returned to the tower. The trapped' gases unite with the olelin hydrocarbons coming from the crackzone, and form parafin hydrocarbon or other low boiling hydrocarbon, thus pre-` ing venting the formation of higher polymerids and condensation products of the ole- It will be notedthat the tower, has a relatively large capacity. This makes it possibleI to remove only a small per cent. of the gases and vapors that have been formed, which is not possible with most tube processes. It also permits the formation of synthesized products of `desired composition. By returning the fixed dry gases to the through the pipe 28.

p tower pass down into the bottom of the coinpartment A.

The heavy or wet gases and vapors which pass into compartment B as before explained, nowl pass on out through the pipes 22 to 20 inclusive into the gas receiver. It will be understood that notl all of these pipes 22 to 2G are used at once but they are provided in order that the gases and vapors may be taken off at a. lower or higher point as desired. Since the passage of the gases and vapors through the synthesis tower is so slow, the heavy oils that have been carried over drop out to the bottom of the compartment B and are removed through the pipes provided for that purpose, thereby removing the oils from thegases and vapors. The gases and vapors conveyed through the pipes 22 to :26 inclusive now enter the receiver 27. This receiver is under substantially the same pressure as that on the synthesis tower, the pressure being derived from the steam coils 34 and 33 which convey dry steam through the fraetionator and thence into the receiver. The purpose of providing the back pressure on the receiver is to prevent. the gases and vapors from passing too rapidly through the synthesis tower.

The back pressure is relieved by the release cock 33X and then the gases and vapors are permitted to pass into the fraction-.ttor The fractionator is maintained at substantially a temperature of 210-450 degrees F., by means of the steam coil 33, so thatthose heavy oils such as kerosene or gas oil', etc., may be removed. For this p-urpose,.I provide a goose-neck trap, at the bottom of the fractionator, this trap being shown at 42.

VThe gases and vapors now pass out through the fractionator at the top thereof, through the pipe 35 and thence to the condensing coil 36. In order 'to assist in this operation, steam may be admitted through ,thepipe 43 into the interior of the fraction- The process described above may be used for cracking the heavy hydrocarbons having boiling points froln 350 F. to 800O F. obtained from the distillation of crude petroleum, residuurn or other hydrocarbon oils,

`to obtain low boiling products such as gasolene, cracked gasolene, synthetic gasolene or 'the lighter fixed gasolene substitutes. It may also be used in cracking solvent naphtha or other suit.- able hydrocabron for tolucl,- benzene, etc. The finished products will be low in unsaturated hydrocarbons which give bad color and odor to cracked gasoleiie made by other processes.

I claim l. In an apparatus for rening oil, a cracking tube, a synthesis tower communicating. with said cracking tube, means for returning light fixed gases from said synthesis tower to said cracking tube, a gas and vapor receiver in communicationwith said synthesis tower for receiving gases and vapors, a fractionator for removing heavier portions of said vapors'and a condenser for condensing the lighter portions separated by the fractionator.

2. In an oil refining apparatus vthe combination of a cracking tube, a synthesis tower in communication with said cracking said cracking tube and said synthesis tower being under pressure, means for returning gases from said synthesis tower to said cracking tube, means for drawing off the heavier oils carried over fromv said cracking tube, a gas and vapor receiver, means for introducing gases and vapors Jfrom said synthesis tower in said receiver, a frac- -tionator in communication with said re-v ceiver, means for separating the heavier portions of the vapor in said fractionator, and a condenser forcondensing the lighter portions thereof, said condenser being con-- nected withy the upper rend' of said fractionator.

3. In a device for refining oil, a vertically disposed cracki of tube, a synthesis tower communicating rtlierewith, a gas and vapor receiver communicating with the synthesis tower, a fractionator communicating with said gas receiver,`a condensercommunicating with the fractionator, means for heating the cracking tubeandv the synthesis tower, said cracking tube and synthesis tower being under pressure, means for returning a portion of the lighter rases from said synthesis tower to said crackin tube, means for drawing oft` the heavier oi s carried over from said cracking tube to said synthesis i tower, means for conducting gases and vapors from said synthesis towerinto said gas receiver, means for heating said fractionator, and means for cooling said condenser.

el. In a device for refining oil', a vertically disposed crackinor tube,` a synthesis tower communicating tierewith, a gas and vapor receiver communicating with the 4, synthesis tower, a fractionator communicating with said gas receiver, aAv condenser communicating with the fractionator, means for heating the cracking tube and 'the synthesis tower,

tube

said cracking tube and synthesis tower being under pressure, means for returning a portion of the lighter gases from said synthesis tower to said cracking tube, means for drawing off the heavier oilsl carried over from said cracking tube to said synthesis tower into said receiver, a steam coil for heating said fractionator, means connected with said steam coil Afor subjecting the receiver to pressure, and means for cooling the condenser.

5. In a device for refining oil, a synthesis tower comprising a casing, means for heatting the casing means for introducing gases -into the casing, means for withdrawing the heavier oils carried by the gases thus introduced, means for withdrawing the lighter fixed gases withdrawing vapors and gases of a specific gravity between the other products withdrawn from the synthesis tower.

6. In a device for refining oil, a synthesis tower comprising a casing, means for heating the casing, a pipe for introducing gas into the'casing, a partition disposed within the casing `for trapping gases and vapors, means for withdrawing light fixed gases from theI top of the tower, and means for withdrawing heavier products on both sides of said partition. i v 7. In a device for refining oil, a synthesis tower comprising a casing, means for heating the casing, a pipe for introducing gas into the casing, a partition disposed within the casing for trapping gases .and vapors, means for withdrawing light fixed gases from the top of the tower, means for withdrawing heavier products on bothsides of said partition, and a perforated plate disposed between the upper end of the` partition and the top of the casing.

f 8.The herein described process of refining oil which consists in cracking the oil, removing a portion of the gas and vapor thus formed, separating the gas thus rey moved into light fixed gases, vapors of a specific gravity between the light and the heavy products, vfractionating the vapors, portions of the vapors thus fractionated.

9. The herein described process ofreining oil whiclr consists in cracking oil tovgether with a portion of light fixed gaspreviously removed from a portion of the oil, separating the cracked gas and vapor into a light fixedgas, a heavier vapor and a still heavier oil, withdrawing the wet gas from the other products, fractionating the vapor into a heavy and a light product, separating out the heavy pro luct,and condensing the light product.

from the tower, and means forv heavy oils and and condensing the lighter

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