US1458737A - System of vacuum production - Google Patents

Description

Jun e 12; 1923.

Filed March 18. 1922 SUIPOZ Pennsylvania, have'inventedcertain new and Patented 'June 12, 1923;

ROBERT SUCZEK/DE PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, 'AssIen'on' T0 '0. HI'WHEELER ANUF CTURING;icoivrrnny, or rninn'nnnrrim, PEN SYLVANIA, a" ,conPonA-f YTION or PENNSXLVANIA.

Pram eerie 'sYs'rEM or VACUUM raonucrron.

Application .filed March 18 ToaZZ whom it may concern-z Be it knownthat I, RonEnrSUozEn, a citizen oftheUnited States, residingci-nethe city and county of Philadelphia, State of roducin or maintainin a vacuumin a plurality of vessels, as steam condensers, V In accordance with my invention, .a vacuum is produced or maintained in each of a plurality of vessels,-as steam condensers,"-= vacuum pans, etc., by any suitable vacuum j producing -means, as one or more pumps, or,

oneor more ejector's, common to the vessels, and I an ejector augmenter intervening-be- 20 tween each of the vessels and :the common vacuum-producing means, the augmenter ejector preferably, though not ,ii'ecessarily,

employing as motive fluid exhaust or a other] low pressure steam or otherelastic motive fluid. v s Further inaccordance 'With my invention'-,f the. aforesaid -vacuum-producingmeans come mon to the vessels may comprise "aplurality of vacuum-producing apparatus of different capacities .Whereby one .or, any a number of them may be employedto accord With variations of load or 'demand.;.-, I 1 My invention residesin apparatus ofithe 5 character hereinafter'desoribed and claimed. For an illustration of one ofthe various forms my invention may take, reference is tob'e.,had' to the-accompanying drawing, whichv is an elevational view, partly in sec- 1 :tion, of a" system or apparatus embodying.

lily-invention. a

Referring to the drawing, C, C, C repree 1 sent,-figenerically, any number of vessels in each of which-a vacuum ,is-togbe producedor maintained. ,These, vessels may, be steam condensers ofany 'ty-pe,'vacuum pans of any: 7 type, or an-ypother;vessel; ,one or more of T them may, be of onetype andone or more oi them of another type, or other types.

[In the example of my invention tobe described, thewvesselsQ are. condensers suchrfor. example, as used' in. steam power .plants for condensing-the stear fi om the engines or turbinesi ,v i p In the exampleillustrated, the, vessels .G

,1922., seria nosmasia; g

are surface condensers into which is" de- 1 livered the exhaust steam from-the turbines Thesteam passes betWeen. tliefnumerous' condenser tubes '0, through, which cooling 'water is passed, as Wellunderstood in the art, The condensate collects in the hot Well: H, from Which "it is Withdrawn the cons densateeremoval, pump pdriven by any electric: motor ,-;or; as indicated, asteam turbine 22.

While-it is preferred, as indica-ted, that suitable means, as an each, condenser. befprovided with its condensate;remova1 pump, a single condensate pump 'may be employed with its suction com' gnected to, the several hot wellsjH. And: while it is preferred, as indicated, that" the several condensate-removal pumps gi be driven by an individual turbine orlniotor t,

it will be understood thatiasingle motor or turblne maydrive all thecondensaterremovai I pumps 9.

C, as a beneath orjbehindz the ba'file, b,- is. the

suction chamber of an-ejector augmenter E whose nozzle structure N" is supplied "with v Communicating throughf a, valve a] with any suitable region Wltl'llIlBiLCll; condenser elastic. motive fluid, as: steamfgand"preferably ei'rhaustor. low pressuref.'fsteam-,' from anysuitable source. 1 As i ndicatediat the left ofjthe, ligure, the exhaust steam of substantially; atmospheric pressure, or of a pressure T several pounds below or] above atinospheric pressure, viss upplie d through the v i d, i i il e 9 ith 1 the exhaust of the turbine driving, I

the pump of the associated-condenser ,Or, asindicatedjat the "middle and rightof- 7 a the figure, the pipe dlmaybe connectedwithl a suitable stage-of. the turbine ,ilf ifqr Withdrawing-therefrom steam of suitable pressure, preferably ,of theiorder above indicated. I

- Eaclio fth e aatone:manage itemize;

ture of motive fluid and airland'suncondensable-gases; or vapors withdraWnYfrom the condenserC into a condenserfK- of any suit 4 able type Inthe examplez illustrated, the" condenser K, is gasurface condenser into the f spaces between Whose vtubes'jthe discharge passes, Through the'tubes isfpassed cool-, ing xvat er entering} for eXamp l e,' at f and 1 The condensate or. condensed inotive fluid when suitable or desirable.-

outlet it, while the air and any uncondens'ed a gases, vapors or motive steam is discharged whether or not the condensers K be employed. The valves 2 serve to isolate dlfferent parts or sections, or oneror more,

parts or sections, of the manifold pipe M generically any vacuum-producingmeans, which may be a single vacuum pump or a plurality oitvacuum pumps m -ser1es with each other. Or,as preferred-and indicated,- 7 the vacuum-producing means may be an ejector B or an ejector E- inserieswith --another ejector E? ,-tlielatter being indi cated, by way of example, as otthe type dis'rlosed in Letters Patent of-t he United States lo/ 1282,2395 rand eithe'r' E or E y I Inthis wa-ythe exhaust steam of othervwise small or slight value ina. steam or similar plant uis employed to: raise the pressure orboth, may be ofthat radial flow type;-

' c The suction chamber of the ejector E com- 1 municates through a valve j with-any suitable portion, asone end, of -the-manifold .?pipe M. Motive. fluid, perferably live or high pressure steam, as of fronaTO pounds-- isdelivered to -pors or igases are then raised by the vacuunrproducing aneans P to; suitable or desired ihigheripressure-by employment of an to 150 poundamore or less,- 7 the nozzle structure of the ejector E through the pipe/l1controlled by the. valve -027,. The ejector E discharges to atmos' phei'e or into any otherfisuitable vesseLk-It' may discharge as indicated into a surface condenser 0, whose cooling-water may enter at 'n and leave at 0. The air or other uncondensable gas or vapor may be discharged from the "condenser O to atmosphere or ,othersuitable region, in which case thecondenser serves as a so-called atter=- con-' denser, As indicated, however,'the air '-andother 'unc-ondensable gas or vapor fIOIIT which the motive fluid steamdrom the ejector E has been condensed i's-delivere-d= to *the sucti'on'of the second condenser E 'whoseznozzle structure recelres motive fluid,

5* preferably live or high pressure steam,

through the pipe q ;controlled by theyvalve pass to atmosphere or any other desired region; In the example illustrated, however, it discharges into a second fsectionwot the condenser O in-which the motive steam and other condensable vapors are condensed, the condensate being drawn off at s, as for example, into the hotWelhH or'the pipe" connecting the same to the pump p. The air i "andother ,uncondensable gasv or-vapor is then. discharged to atmosphere'orother suitable region at up In the example indi--' cated and described the condenser 0 By the system or apparatus described, the

, the air and uncondensedvaporsin the con "densers C by several inches of mercury absolute pressure, as. for example, one to three P representsi or four inches inxthecasexwhere the vessels 0 are steam condensers 1n which'the absolute pressure is represented by one or two inchesof imercury, more or, less. The disupon the several vessels or condensers C,

and whatever may be the variations between them as to theiabsolutepressures .W1thm them-the augmenterejectorst-E raise the pressure of ther exhausted air from different suctions pressures-to substantially the same discharge pressure; tThe vacuum-producing means I: then raises the pressure of the air: and -.accompanying tun'condensed gases or vapors to atmospheric pressure or to other; suitable pressure;

of: the 1311' extracted at diflerent absolute upressuressktroin .the various:condensers or amount .ofllive or high:pressuresteam which The over-all steam"consumption-. 'for. the vacuumprodueing. apparatus ;as can: entirety is accordingly materially reduced.-

In. addition -tothe vacuum-producing .means-Rithere may be employedzone or more additional. vacuumsprodu'cing -means. As indicated'at the rightlogfthefigure; an addi- :tional: vacuum-producing means P is employed, the same involving as before any suitable means, as pumps,-ejeotors, etc., and an the exampleallustratede ectors E and E whose nezzle structures: arensu'pp'lied with live or high pressure steam through the pipe 9*; The discharge of theejector E may" the pipe-a controlled by the valve g In this 1 case, thet-z'jector'lil discharges intothe interstage surface condenser R, the cooling Water wandcontrolledbythe valve w, and through for which enters, for example, at sand leaves and unconden'sed gas or vaporis delivered through the connections to the suction of "the ejector*--'E'*,' which-"discharges into the c. 1 1 60 called inter and after, condenser.

after surface condenser-S, thecooling water for which may enter at (l -and leave at 6 Tlre co-nclensate may be-d'rawn' ofii at-f and e ector augmenters E raise the pressure of" delivered to anysuitableidestination, as for example, tothehotwellH-or the pipe connecting the same to the-pump 20.. The air and uncondensed gas orvapor is discharged at g to atmosphere or regionat other pres sure, or any other suitable region at suitable pressure.

P .and P are of different sizes or capacities,-

whereby when one or more condensers is or are out of operation or when the load onthe entire system is low, the vacuum-producing means of smaller capacity may-be'employed alone, lVhen the load is greater the vacuum- .producing means. of greater capacity may be employed, and with still greater loads both' maybe simultaneously employed. By clos- 1 ing either of the valves 7', the corresponding or associated vacuum-producing apparatus P or P 18 put out of service, leaving the other to handle the entire or any suitable part of the load. Furthermore, by suitably setting the valves 2', as by closing both, opening both, or closing either one and openlng the other, the vacuum-producing apparatus,

'or either of them, with appropriate settings of the valves j, will be brought into any suitable combinations, the valves 2' and j effecting great flexibility in'mode of operation of the system, The cooling'water for the condensers K,

' O, R and S,'or for any one ormore of them,

may be the water or the make-up water fed to the boiler or boilers which deliver steam to the turbines T and t, or any of them; or the cooling water for the aforesaid condensers may be the condensate fromone or more of the condensers C; or it may be cooling water such as supplied to the tubes 0 of j the condensers C, or it may be a part of the cooling water supplied to one or more of the condensers C and traversing the auxiliary 4 ,condensing apparatus either before or after it traverses the tubes c of one or more of the condensers C. v

By the system described, notwithstanding the different pressures within'or loads upon diiferent condensers or vessels C, vacuum-producing means, particularly ejec tor apparatus, common'to all of them, raises the pressurel'of the air orother fluid to the desired pressure from a pressure to which the different augmentersE raise the pressure of the air or other fluid withdrawn from the vessels or condensersC.

turbine t associated witlrthe same vessel or By the arrangement described, the steam consumption for vacuum' product on is greatly economized m" that the augmenters,

as'afor'esaid', employ low pressure or exhaust "steam', thereby-materially diminishing. the

' condenser C, the augmenter may be, if desired, o f such size or capacity as to be operative to produce the desired or suitable degree of compression of the air or other fluid withdrawn from the vessel C'with orby the minimum amount of exhaust steam delivered r v p I by the turbine t, and'any excess steam from Preferably the vacuum-producing means the turbine t may be diverted, as in" the manner and by means described in prior application SenNo'. 534;,3lO,--filed February 6, 1922. Eachfaugmenter ejector'E may, however, be of such size or capacity as to employ more motive steam than the minimum supplied by the, turbine t, in which case the absolute pressure in the manifold pipe M may or will be highen I, p

The ratios of compression of' the augmenters E maybe anything suitable or desirable, as for example, somewhat-less than two to three or more, the ratio of compression of the combined ejectors E and E being then approximately the quotient derived by dividing 30 by the ratio of compression of the associated 'augmenter Such quotient or ratio --o'f"coinpression may then be divided between the ejectoi's E and E as may be suitable or desirable, It ispreferred, however, that the ratio of compression of the ejector E begreater than the ratio of com-.

mssion of the ejector] E and may be, if-

desired,"as described and disclosed in my prior Letters Patent-No.'1,283,593l

It will be-understood that'whilel have shown two ejectorsE and E in" series, a single stag ejector may-be employed in lieu of them; for example, there may be employed an ejector of the character; disclosed in my priorLetters Patent No; 1,388,670.

For-brevity, the terms steam and air as employed-in the appended claims include, 'respectively,'steam'- and other suitable elastic -mot-ive fluids, and, air "and-other uncon- -densable or uncondensed gases or vapors;

and theterm condenser, when referring ure of the fluid "disch rged by' said ejector apparatus, v I V n '2. The combination with afp'lu'rality of condensers, of vacuum-producing apparatus,

therefor comprising an ejector augmenter for each of said-condensers, and vacuumproducing meanscommon to said condensers operating upon the flu ds discharged by said.

augmenters to further raise their pressure. The combination with a plurality of condensers, of vacuiun-producing app aratus therefor comprising an ejector augmenter for e'ach. of said condensers, a manifold common to said augmenters into which they discharge, and means common 'tosaid con- .densers and connected to said manifold for further delivered to said manifold by said augmenters.

4. The combination with a plurality of condensers, of an ejector augmenter for I each of said condensers, and e ector apparatus common to said augmenters for further rais ng the pressure of-t-he fluids discharged by said auginenters.

5. The combination. with a plurality of condensers, of an ejector augmenter for.

neach of-said condensers, and serially conT 'vening between each ofsaid augmenters and nected ejectors common to said augmenters for further raising the pressure of the fluids discharged by sa d augmenters.

6 The combination with a plurality of condenser-s, ofan ejector augmenter for each of .said' condensers, means for supplyingexhaust or low pressure steam to the nozzle. structures ofsaid auginenters, and

means common to said augmenters for further raising the pressureof-the fluids discharged: by said augmenters. 7. The combination with condensers. of an ejector augmenter for each of said condensers, means for supplying-exhaust or-low pressure steam to the nozzlestructures of said augmenters, ejector apparatus common to said augmenters. for

further raising the pressure of the fluids discharged by said augmenters, and means for supplying high pressuresteam to the nozzle structure of said ejector apparatus.

8. The combination Wlth. a plurality of condensers, of an e ector a-ugmenter for :each of said condensers, means common to said augmentersfor further raising the pressure of the fluids discharged by said augineiiters, and heat exchange. apparatus Eli/61:

- said means.

9. The combination with a condensers, of an (816C110! augmenter for each of said condensers, means common to said auginenters for further raising the pres- I sure of the fluidsdischargedby said aug- 'mentcrs, anda condenser intervening between each ofsaid augmenters and said.

means. for condensing" a condensable com.- ponent of the discharge from theaugmenter. 10. The combination with a. plurality of condensers, of an injector auginenter for each of them, ejector apparatus. common to lsaid. augmentei's for further raisingthe pressure of the fluids discharged by said augs menters, condensing-means into which said ejector apparatus discharges, and a condenser intervening between each of. said augmenters and said ejector apparatus.

.. 11. The combination with a pluralityof condensers, of. an ejector augmenter for each of them, a plurality of serially related aejectors common .to said augmenters for further raising. the pressure of the -fi111dS raising the pressure of the fluids a plurality of.

plurality of discharged by said aug nenters a condenser intervening between neighboringof said e ectors, and a condenser intervening between each of said augmenters and said cjectors.

12. The combination with a. plurality of condensers, of. an ejector augmenter for each of them, an ejector common to said augmenters for further raisingthe pressure ofithe fluids discharged by said auginenters, a second ejector for further raising the pressureof the fluid discharged by said ejector, a condenser between: said ejectors, a condenser into which said second ejector discharges, and a condenser intervening between each of said.augmenters and said first named ejector.

18-.1he combination with a plurality of condensers, of. an ejector augmenter for condensers, of an ejectoraugmenter for each ofthem, a manifold receiving the discharges from said i auginenters, a. plurality .of apparatus connected with said nanifold and each receiving and raising the-pressure of a part o-fthe fluid insaidmanifoldand means for isolating from. said manifold. at least one of said apparatus.

,. 16. .Thecombination withaplurality of condensers, of an ejector augmenter for each of them, anianifold receiving the discharges .from said augmenters a plurality .of appa- .ratus connected with saidinanifold and each receiving and raisingthepressureof a part of thefluid insaid imminent. and means for isolating, each. of, saidapparatus from said .manifold. 5

17. The combination witha plurality of condensers-,1 of an ejectoraugmenter for each of .thein,,ajmanifold receiving, the fluids discharged by said-.augmenters, means. for

withdrawing.fluid from =.sa-id .manifold and further raising its pressure, and means for isolating different. parts of Usaidnnanifold from, each other.

18. The combination Withfaplurality of condensers, of an ejector augmenter for each of them, a manifold receiving the fluids discharged by saidaaugmenters, means for isolating, different. partsof saidj'manifold from each other, aplurality .ofapparatus each adapted to receive a part of the fluid in said manifold for increasing its pressure,

and means for isolating at least one of said apparatus from said manifold.

19. The combination with a plurality of condensers, of an ejector augmenter for each of them, a manifold receiving the fluids discharged by said augmenters, means for isolating different parts of said manifold from each other, a plurality of apparatus each adapted to receive a part of the fluid in said manifold for increasing its pressure, and means for isolating each of said apparatus from said manifold.

20. The combination with a condenser, of

a steam-operated motor exhausting into said condenser, an ejector for producing a vacuum in said condenser, a second condenser into which low pressure steam from said motor is delivered, said low pressure steam traversing the nozzle structure of said ejector before reaching saidsecond condenser.

21. The combination with a condenser, of a turbine exhausting into said condenser, an ejector for producing a vacuum in said condenser, a second condenser, and a connection fro-m a low pressure stage of said turbine to said second condenser, the nozzle structure of said ejector included in said connection.

22. The combination with a plurality'of condensers, of an ejector for each of said condensers, a condenser for each of said ej ectors receiving the discharge therefrom, a manifold receiving the uncondensed fluid from said ejector condensers, and vacuumproducing apparatus connected with said manifold. I

23. The combination with a plurality of condensers, of an ejector for each of said condensers for removing elastic fluld theretors, a plurality of apparatus connected with said manifold for further raising the pressure of said fluid, andmeans for isolating from said manifold at least one of said apparatus.

. 25. The combination with a condenser, of

turbine.

an ejector for producing avacuum in said condenser, a turbine, and a connectlon from a low pressure stage of said turbine to the nozzle structure of said ejector.

26. The combination with a condenser,'of

an ejector for producing a vacuum therein, a

turbine exhausting into said condenser, and

a connection to the nozzle structure of said e ector from a low pressure stage ofsaid 27. Thecombination with a condenser, of

apparatus for producinga vacuum therein comprising plural stage e ector apparatus, a

turbine, means forconveylng high-pressure elastic fluid to the nozzle structure of an ejector of said ejector apparatus,-and a connection to'the nozzle structure of an ejector in an earlier stage of said ejector apparatus from a low pressure stage of saidturbine.

28. The combination with a condenser, of apparatus for produclng a vacuum therein comprising plural stage ejector apparatus, a

turbine exhausting into said condenser, meansfor conveying high pressure elastic fluid to the nozzle structure of an ejector of i said ejector apparatus, and a connection to the nozzle structure of an ejector an earlier stage of said ejector apparatus from a low pressure stage of said turbine.

29. The combination with acondenser, of

apparatus for producing a vacuum therein comprising an ejectorand a pair-of double stage e ectors, means for delivering high pressure elastic motive fluld to the nozzle structure of at least one stage of each pair of said double stage ejectors, a turbine, and a connectionto the nozzle structure of said '95 first named ejector from a low. pressure stage of said turbine.

30. The combination with a condenser,.of apparatus for producing a vacuum therein comprising an ejector and a pair of double stage e ectors, means for delivering high pressure elastic motive'fl'uid'to the nozzle structure of at least one stage of each pair of said double stage e ectors, a turbine, a con- I nection to the nozzle structure of said firstnamed ejector from a low pressure stage of saidfturbine, a condenser into which said first named ejector exhausts, and connections from said last named condenser to the suc-f tion chambers of the first stage ejectors of said double stage ejec'tors. I

' In testimony whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature this 10th day of Marcln,

,- ROBERT SUCZEK.

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