US1455532A - Safety razor - Google Patents

Description

May 15, 1923. A 1,455,532

J. N. JoHNsoN SAFETY RAZOR Filed May 22, 1920 `2 sh'eets-snnt 1l A u a iNVENTOR.

W mA TTORNEYS.

May 15, 1923.l 1,455,532

J. N. JOHNSON SAFETY RAZOR Filed May 22, 1920 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 gay/a. 1 f?. f5

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WATTORNEY.

'Patented May 15, 1923.

UNITED STATES JOHN N. JOHNSON. OF A1313UQUERQU'I'J, MEXICO.

SAFETY RAZOR.

Application led Hay 22, 1920. Serial 110.3835373.

T o all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN N. JOHNSON, a

citizen of the United States, residing at Albuquerque, in the county of Bernalillo and State of New Mexico, have invented cerltain new and useful Improvements in Safety Razors, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description.

This invention relates to power operated razors, and particularly to safety razors in which the blade is given a very rapid cutting movement.

An object ofmy invention is to provide a safety razor of thls type in which the cutting blade at each movement will be shifted in a direction oblique to its cutting edge and thus simulate the movement dinary razor in use.

A further object is toprovide a. safety razor which 4can be adjusted to cut more or less closely, as desired, without changing the angle of inclination of the blade to the sur face to be shaved.

A. further object is to provide a power operated razor in which the rate of the cut ting movements can be varied at will within certain limits.

A. further object is to provide a razor of the above type which is simple and compact in construction, convenient, safe and efficient in operation, and inexpensive to manufacture.

@ther objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description. and the novel features of my invention will be particularly pointed out in claims.

ln the drawings:

Fig. 1 is an elevation partly in section of a razor in which my invention has been einbodied;

Fig. 2 is a `section substantially along the line a-a of Fig. 1; l

Fig. 3 is a section substantially along-the line --b of Fig. 1;

Fig. 4 is a section substantially along the line c-c of Fig. 2; I Y Fig. 5 is an elevation of certain of the details;

` 6 is a section substantially along the line @L -Z of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a section substantially along the line e-e of Fig. 1;. 1 i

.Fig. 8 is a longitudinal-section of the han- Y dle and illustrating themotor Acarried theregiven an or- Fig. 9 is a front elevation of the blade cover plate which acts as a rear guard;

Fig. 10 is a sectional elevation of the same, and

Fig. 11 is an elevation of a modification orfl 'certain details.

In the illustrated embodiment, the support or body 1 is provided with anextension 2 forming an advance or forward guard,

and an upstanding .wall 3. A tubular handle l is detachably connected to body or support 1 by any suitable means such as screws 5. Secured to one face of the wall 3 is a pair of parallel V-shaped guides 6 and 7, with the apex'of each guide pointing toward lthe other. A vibrating 0r blade carrying frame or member 8 is provided upon its rear face or wall 9 with a similar pair of parallel V-shaped guides 10 and 11 having the apexes of the guides pointing toward each other and also having the corresponding guides upon the walls 3 and 9 in telescopic position, as'

indicated in the drawing, so that the frame 8 can slide or reciprocate upon the wall 3 of the support 1 due to the sliding of the guides 10 and 11 upon guides "56 and 7. lf desired.,-

one of the guides 6 or 7, or both, may havela' portion of one end bent to form a stop lug '6a for limiting the movement in a cutting direction by Contact with the end of the corresponding guide, as indicated in Fig. 11. |The forward face or wall 12 of the frame 8 is provided with two parallel rows of lugs or guides 13 and 14e extending outwardlyV therefrom to guide a blade carrier plate 15 for reciprocation thereon. This plate 15 carriesat one edge thereof aV projecting lug 16 'in position to be engaged and cammed in one direction by a screw 17 adjustably carried by a lug 18 extending forwardly from the face 12 of the frame. The face 12 is also provided with ears 19 extending therefrom t0 which ears 20 upon a cover plate 21 are pivoted by screw pins 22 carried by the other in accordance with the direction of operation of the screw. The ears 20 of the cover 21. each have al1-angular corner at the junction of the ears and cover, which in open position as indicated by dotted lines in Fig. 6, or in the closed position indicated by the full lines in Fig. 6. The ears 19 are provided with rearward extensions 24 which engage over one edge of the spring 23 and.

prevent any edgewise displacement from operative position behind the ears. Lugs 25 on opposite sides of the plate 15 are adapted to engage with the lugs 13 and 14 and limit excessive movement of the plate upon the wall 12. The plate 15 is provided with lugs 26, preferably struck up therefrom, which receive apertures 27 in a removable and reversible doublefedged cutter or razor blade 28 and support the latter thereon. The forward or free edge of the cover plate 21 when in closed position, engages with the blade 28 adjacent to its forward cutting edge and holds the blade firmly against the plate 15. A spring 29 carried on the under side of the cover plate also engages with another portion ofthe blade 28 and assists in holding 1t against plate 15. In order to simulate' the most etlcient manual movement employed in handling an ordinary razor, and

give the cutting edge of the blade 28 a simultaneous or combined forward and endwise movement, the guides 6, 7, 10 and 11 are arranged non-parallel to andA non-perpendicular t0 the cutting edge of the blade, so as to cause the movement upon the support 1 or wal13 to be in a direction inclined to the cutting edge of the blade. During the cutting movements the cover plate 21 moves with the frame 8 and blade 28, and acts as a rear guard. Adjustment of the screw 17 will thrust the forward cutting edge of the blade .28 varying extents through the space between the two guards to cause the blade to make a light or close-cut as desired, the

I blade 28, plate 15 and wall 12 being inclined to the surface being shaved and to the wall 3 or plane of the guides, by. an-angle preferably ap roximating 20 which is the angle at whic an ordinary razor blade is commonly 'presented to the surface being shaved.

The means for imparting vibratory movements to the frame and blade comprises a motor upon or within the tubular handle 4 and having an operating member extending 'therefrom into operative engagement with the frame. A base piece 30 of soft iron, extends along one wall of the handle 4 a short distance, then crosses to and extends 'along the other wall in the same direction, and has in the cross over portion a short section 31 parallelwith the end sections. Upon the y`inside faces of the base piece 30 are a plurality of electromagnets 32 and 33, the elec tromagnets 32 being disposed upon the slec-` `along the free ends of the electromagnets,

being provided with a cross over section 36 for this purpose. The electromagnets 32 and 33 will, when energized, pull upon the armature to rotate the same in one direction, such rotation beine' opposed by a flexible and resilientl extension 37 of the armature which engages with an abutment or stop 38 that may or may not be adjustably carried by the handle 4. This arrangement of electromagnets provides the most eicient pull upon the armature when a series of electromagnets are employed in a small linear space. The end 39 ofthe armature which is opposite from the end extension 37, extends beyond handle' 4, passes through a clearance opening 40 in the wall 3 of thesupport 1, and engages operabl y in an aperture 41 in a plate 42 extending transversely between and secured to the guides 10 and 11 of the frame, whereby oscillation of the armature about its pivot 35 will produce vibratory movements of the frame 8 and blade 28 upon the support 1. The electromagnets and armature 34 are disposed in a plane parallel with the guides 6, 7, 10 and 11, so that oscillation of the end 39 of the armature will be in a direction parallel with the movement of the frame on the guides and thereby prevent binding and insure a free action. The aperture 41 in the plate 42 may conveniently be formed by striking up lugs 43 therefrom, the lugs act- .elongated aperture or slot 44. A layer of in sulation 45 is provided with a slot 46 aligned with slot 44 and also carries thereon a somewhat U-shaped spring contact 47, the free end of which extends upwardly at an acute angle to the extension 37. The free end of the contact 47 carries a contact piece 48 which is adapted at times to engage with a similar Contact piece 49 upon ythe under side of the extension 37. The contact 47 is connected by a wire 50 to a terminal plate 51 and to which one circuit wire 52 coming from the source of current 53 is connected. A post 54 isgslidably mounted upon the inside of the handle by means of a screw threaded therein and passing through the aligned slots' 44 and 46 with the head upon the outside of the handle, A spring plate 56 disposed between the screw head and handle provides frictional means for securing the post 54 .in any adjusted position along the slots. The post 54 is provided with a tail piece 57 for holding the same upright, and a depending strip 58 vupon the lower face of the post slides in the slots and prevents turning of the post about the screw as a pivot. The post has threaded through its upper end and parallel with the walls of theihandle a screw 59 having an insulated tip 60 therel on for engagement with the contact 47. Thus if the post is stationary the screw can be operated to cam the contact 47 into operative position with respect to the extension 37 Ior permit of its retraction from that position,

or the ost can be shifted along the slot .to

cause t e screw which moves therewith to cam the contact 47 into operative position with respect to the extension or to release the contact and vpermit it to sprin away from the extension. In order to facilitate shifting movements of the post 54, the spring plate .tery or other source of current. The circuit 1s of course, made and .broken between con-V e tact points 48 and 49.

ln operation the cover plate 21 islifted, a sharp blade 28 placed in position upon plate vl5, the cover plate closed, and the razor connected to source of current 531 lf now the plate 56 is shifted to the left, (Figs. l and 8) the post 54 and screw 59 will be shifted also, and tip 60 of the screw will camthe :contact 47'. into operative position with respect to the extension 37, which latter, due to its reaction'with the abutment 38 holds the larmature at its extreme position away from the electromagnets. Engagement' of the contact points 48 and 49 causes energize.- tion of the electromagnets and consequent attraction of the armature. Movement of the armature carriesvwith it the extension 37 and the circuit is broken at contacts 48 and 49. During the movement of the armature towards the electromagnets, the extension 37 isl exedlso thatjas soon asthe circuit is broken the-armature will be returned to initial 'p'osition" and the circuit againA made. Thus the armature willbe repeatedly oscillated, and through the connection of its end 39 will oscillate the frame 8 .and-blade 28 (as hereinbefore described)toward 'and from Y the guard 2 to provide small cutting strokes. The adjustment of screw 59 determines Athe extent to'which the contact 47 will be shifted, and the nearer to the extension the contact point 48 is shifted, the' shorter will be the throw or stroke of the armature, with the result that the speed or rate of vibration of the armature and cutting blade will be increased. Conversely adjustment. of the screw in the opposite direction will decrease the rate of vibration and increase the stroke of the armature, both increase and decrease, of course, being only within certain limits. When one desires to stop the motor, the plate 56' and post 54 are shifted along the slot to the right (Figs. 1 and 8) and contact 47 whenV thus released springs down and opens the circuit.

It -will be obvious that various changes and modifications may be made in the embodiment herein described and illustrated within the principle and scope of my invention.

I claim:

l. Asafety razor comprising a support l.

having a forward guard and a wall portion, stationary guides on said wall portion, a

frame provided with guides co-operating:

with the stationary guides for movement along the same, a blade carried by the frame and disposed at an'acute angle with respect to the plane of the guides, means on the frame for adjusting the blade toward and,

from the plane of the guides, means on the support for causing movement of said frame and blade upon the stationary guides, and a cover for the blade carried by the frame and acting as a rear guard. h

2. A safety razor comprising a support having a forward guard and a wall portion, a frame mounted on'the wall portion for repeated short movements in alternate directions, a plate carried by the frame for adjustment toward or from the wall portion, a blade carried bythe plate, a cover hinged to the Yframe and holding the blade in position en the plate,I said cover also serving as a rear guard, and means onthe support for causing said repeated short movements of the frame and blade.

v ma

3. A safety razor comprising a support l having a forward guard and a wall portion, a frame mounted on the wall portion for reheated short movements in alternate directions, .a plate carried by the frame for adjustment toward or from the wall portion, a.

blade carried by the platea cover hinged to the frame and engaging with one portion of the blade for holding the same in position on the plate. a spring member carried by the cover and engaging another portion of the blade to'yieldingly hold it against the plate,

' and means on the support lfor causing said repeated short'movements of the frame and blade. A A

4.V In a safety razor, a support having a Vforward guard and` arearguard, a plate slidable on said support toward or from the forward guard, a spring normally tending to retract said plate from the forward guard, means adjustable on said support for forcing said plateI toward the guard, a cutting blade carried by the plate for movement therewith in the space between the guards to be shifted outwardly when a close cut is desired and inwardly when a light cut is desired.

5. In a safety razor, a support having a forward guard, a carrier mounted for Inovement en said support, a rear guard secured to ythe carrier for movement therewith, a blade mounted on said carrier with its cutting edge extending between the front and rear guards, andmeans on the carrier for shifting said blade to variable extents through the space between the guards for causing a light or close shave.

6. In a safety razor, a support having a member provided with lugs extending outwardly from one face thereof, and Varranged in two spaced-rows, a plate slidable on the member between the rows of lugs, means for limiting movement of the plate in one direction, a spring reacting between the support' ing member and the plate for shifting the plate in the opposite direction, means 4adjustable on the member, for shifting the plate in said one direction against the action of the spring, a removable cuttingblade carried by the plate, and front and rear guards carried by the support with the blade betweenY them.

7. In a safetyA razor, a supporting frame, a

t plate slidable on the frame, a spring reacting between the plate and frame for shifting the platey on the frame in one direction, means adjustable on the frame for shifting the plate against the `action of the spring, a cover plate hinged to the frame and co-acting with "said spring to be yieldingly held in either open or closed position, a removable cutting blade carriedby the plate for movement therewith and having its cutting edge extending beyond the edge of the cover plate when the latter is in closed position,

supporting means for the frame having a -guard disposed adjacent the face of the blade opposite to that adjacent the cover` plate, the

adjustmentlof the plate'l and blade uponthe frame projecting the cutting edge of the blade through the space between the cover plate and guard to a greater or less extent whereby a light or close cut may be obtained when the razor is used.

8. In a safety razor, a carrierhaving upstanding ears and also spaced iding means thereon, a plate mounted to slide on the carrier' between the spaced` guiding means, a

spring strip secured intermediate of its ends to said plate, and having itsl ends bearing a inst said ears to exert a. force on said .p ate tending to move the latter in one direction between the guiding means, a member adjustably carried by said carrier for shifting the plate variable extents between the guiding means in opposition to the spring strip, a cutting blade carried by the plate, and a cover forming a rear guardhinged to said ears and acting when closed u on the blade to prevent removal of the bla e from the plate.

9. In a safety razor, a carrier having upstanding ears and also spaced iding means thereon, a plate mounted to slide on the carrier between the spaced guiding means, a spring strip secured intermediate of its ends to said plate, and having its ends bearing against said ears to exert a force on said plate tending to move the latter in one direction between the guiding means, a member y adjustably carried by said carrier for shifting the plate variable extents between the guiding means in opposition to the spring strip, a cutting blade carried by the plate, and a cover forming a rear guard hinged to said ears and acting when closed upon the blade to prevent removal of the blade from the plate, said cover having angular corners engaging with the ends of the spring strip whereby the cover will be. yieldingly held in either open or closed position.

10. In a safety razor, a carrier having upstanding ears and also spaced guiding means thereon, a plate mounted to slide on the carrier between the spaced guiding means, a spring strip secured intermediate of its ends to said plate, and having its ends bearing against said ears to exert a force on said plate tending to move the latter in one direction between the guiding means, a member adjustably carried by said carrier for shifting the plate variable extents between the guiding means in'opposition to the spring lll means thereon, a plate mounted to slide on A the carrier between the spaced guiding means, a spring strip secured intermediate of its endsl to said plate, and having its ends bearing against said ears to exert a. force on said plate tending` to move the latter in one direction between the guiding means, a'rmember adjustabl carried by sai carrier for "shifting the p ate variable extentsbetween the-guiding means in opposition tothe spring strip, a cutting blade carried .by the late, and a. cover formin a hinged to said ears and acting las when closed upon the blade adjacent its for- Ward end to prevent removal of the blade from the plate, and resilient means carried by the under side of the cover for engagin with rear portion of the top face of the blade to hold it flatly against the plate,

said cover having angular corners engaging with the ends of the spring strip `whereby the cover Will be yieldingly held in either open or closed position.

12. In a safety razor having front and rear guards, a blade having a cutting edge, a carrier device for said blade mounted for vibratory movement in a direction substantially parallel with a plane tangent to the outer faces of the guards, said carrier device having a portion adjustable thereon .to thrust the cutting edge of the blade through variable extents obliquely toward and from said plane and means for causing vibratory movements of said carrier device.

13. A safety razor comprising a support having a forward guard, guides carried by the support and extending in a plane parallel to the effective edge of the guard, said.

guides being also oblique to the edge of 'the guard, a frame mounted in said guides for movement on the support, and a cutting blade carried by the frame with its face making an angle of approximately 20 with the plane of the guides and with its edge parallel with the ed e of the guard, a rear guard carried by t e frame, and means carried by the handle for causing repeated movements of the frame in the guides.

14. A safety razor comprising a support, having a front guard thereon, a carrier frame mounted for movement thereon, a cutting blade mounted on the carrier frame xwith its cutting edge oblique to the direction 'of movement of the carrier frame and with the blade disposed in a plane making an angle of approximately 20 with the plane of movement of the carrier frame, a rear guard carried by the carrier frame and movable therewith, and means for causing movements of the carrier frame upon the support. i

15. In a safety razor, a support having a forward guard, a plate slidably mounted on said support, a cutting blade removably carried by the plate, a cover pivoted to the support forming a rear guard when closed against the blade and holding the cutting blade upon the plate, means carried by the support and adjustable to force the plate and blade in one direction upon the support, and a single spring carried by the plate and acting upon the cover to oppose the movement of the plate by the said means and acting to resiliently hold the cover in either its open or closed position.

In Witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my signature.

JOHN N. JOHNSON.

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