Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
  • G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
  • G03F7/14—Production of collotype printing forms

Definitions

• nonnnr man or new roan, n; r.
• My invention relates to printing plates and processes of and compositions of matter for forming the same, and has, among other objects, the following: first, the production of a plate, and particularly a lithographic plate, and more particularly of a plate such as is used in photo-gelatine printing processes, and a process of printing by which plate printing press prints or repro- 2 ductions may be made of a quality superior to any hitherto known in the art; second, the production of such a plate by which such prints or reproductions may be produced at a speed greatly in excess of any tt hitherto possible in the art; third, the derising of a process by which a printing plate may be produced with less labor and expense and in a shorter time than has hitherto been possible in the art, and fourth, t0 the production of such a plate which shall reduce the loss of time arising from press stops to a hitherto unattai'ned minimum; and to suchends my invention consists in the improvement in printing plates and 35 processes of and compositions of matter for forming the same
• ll/ly invention is capable of embodiment in many diderent forms of plates and proct0 esses of producing such plates and of printing and by the use of various compositions of matter in such production, and. while ll shall choose. for the purpose of illustrating my invention. the best embodiment thereof t5 known to me, such embodiment is to be regarded only astypical and my invention is not to be confined thereto.
• the example chosen for illustration is designed for use on a litho-off'set printing 50 press.
• I may use as a base or backing for the plate.
• T may use other materials, such as a sheet of m pyroxylin, pyralin, or celluloid for such application filed August 16, 1922.
• Serial No. aaaaar for example, from .01 to .03 inches, or T may use other materials, such as a sheet of m pyroxylin, pyralin, or celluloid for such application filed August 16, 1922.
• a metal plate is chosen, and the first step is to produce a grain or roughness on one side .of the plate for the purpose of increasing adherence of the gelatine coat thereto which ll next put on it.
• ll preferably effectv a graining equivalent to that of fine mudground glass, preferring that the grain should be as fine as possible and merely presenting a rough surface.
• lhl'aving produced a grain upon my plate and thoroughly cleaned it of grit and metallic particles.
• ll apply the coat of gelatine thereto in any desired manner. as by whirling it with a solution of gelatine.
• a suitable solution for the purpose may consist of water, 32 ounces, and hard commercial gelatine, 2250 grains. the gelatine having first been soaked in cold water and then brought into solution by raising the temperature to 120 F. The gelatinous solution thus prepared is applied on the center of the grained plate, while the latter is whirling at a rate, say of approximately 20 revolutions per minute, the temperature being preferably maintained at 120 F. under which conditions a proper thickness of coating is obtained.
• T prefer a coating measuring ap proximately .0008 to .0012 inches in thickness. The plate is preferably permitted to whirl until it is dry.
• I further harden the'hardened rtions, as by placing the plate in a bath ofgure grain alcohol of high proof for two minutes. I find that although the unhardened portions are water-soaked, they are not materially affected by this treatment, since the ammonium salt has been washed out.
• the heating is twofold; first, the heat completes whatever chemical action has been started between the gelatine and bichromate thro h light exposure and the alcohol, and iereby materially hardens the light-affected areas and brings the plate to a point where there will be no further hardening effect even though the plate be kept for months, since all the chemical action is complete, second, I find that heating as described has the effect of toughening the unaffected portions of the gelatine without materiallyreducing their water receptiveness, andat the same time increasing the degree of adhesion between the gelatlne coating and the grained metal plate.
• ink When ink is applied to the wet surface of my plate in printing, I find that, in effect, the ink is emulsified with the water and that a very effective printing results therefrom, the ink being so readily deposited on a print, or on a rubber blanket, as in offset printing, and redeposited therefrom upon the print or final support that, not only are prints of 1 high quality obtained, but they are produced at a much greater rate than has ever been done before.
• na-aaata particularly to photo-lithography photoobtainable.
• my invention in a printing" press is markedly superior to those obtainable in that manner by any'other process known in the art, including those just ret'erred to, and the rate oil production is also much above that possible with such prior art.
• my invention torty times as many prints can be made in a given time as with the pre vious photo-gelatine processes.
• a chromic acid salt is incorporated intmy film by first torming the gelatine film on the plate and then atterwards introducing the chromic acid salt by bathing, the film in a solution of such salt, and when a film is thus formed, it will not become reticulated even though in the'previous dryinn it had been dried at a temperature which, it the salt had been incorporated with the grelatine while the latter was in solution, would cause reticulation,namely, a temperature approximating or above 130 h. l can, however, incorporate, the chromic acid salt in the film.
• from grain and reticulation may receive its image either trom a continuous tone negative or from a negative made from a halttone screen or from one in which any manner of dot, grain, or particle is employed.
• the plates used in the photo-lithe and photo-ofi'set processes must of necessity be made from negatives embodying a dot or grain.
• my plate, printed on the same press may be absolutely con tinuous in tone and tree from dot or grain, or, it desired, it may embody a dot or grain, which may be very much finer than any other grain hitherto capable of use in the said process.
• my process l have tound it practicable to use dots which were sin times as many to the inch as the most that have been. used in photo-lithe and photo-otlset processes, so tar as l[ am aware.
• a suitable way in which to form dots upon one of my plates is to form them on the negative, fromwhich the plate is to be printed, in a camera in the manner in which dots are formed in the well-known half-tone process, where the dots are formed by focusing a screen, either regular or irregular, between the lens and the sensitive plate.
• steps are those intermediate between the exposure of the colloidal bichromated surface to the light and the actual inking of the plate on the press. They involve, for instance, developing away unexposed portions with water and cotton wool, rubbing up with ink or acid resist, etching, re -etching, etc. No matter how careful the manipulations, these operations would change the character or formation of the dot or grain, if one were present as fine as I am able to use, so that much of the result accomplished by exposure to light would be lost when the printing plate was finally inked.
• a printin plate made accordin to my invention wil receive ink selectively as to its light affection from a roller passed over its surface at a much higher speed than will any other photo-gelatine plate or plate having a colloid film with which I am familiar.
• the ink-applying roller may be passed over its surface at a speed greater than six inches per second.
• mechanical inking as used in the claims is meant inking by the more use of a mechanically-operated roller or other device as distinguished from rubbing, stipplingwith a brush, or rolling by hand, or other manual operation.
• chromic acid salt it is meant to include every compound of chromium having the property of more or less hardening organic matter under the action of light.
• a printing plate comprising an unreticulated colloid film which is capable of printing after mechanical inking.
• a printing late comprising an unrej at llll
• tgttaatt ticulated gelatine film which is capable of printing at'ter mechanical inking.
• a printing plate comprising a colloid film which is capable of printing after mechanical inking without the use of glycerin or other similar swelling means.
• a printing plate comprising a gelatine film while is capable of printing alter mechanical inking without the use of glycerin or other similar swellingmedium.
• a printing plate comprising a colloid film having dots or grains photographed thereon which in the finished plate are unaltered from the form in which they were originally photographed on such plate.
• a printing plate comprising a gelatine film having dots or rains photographed thereon Which in the finished plate are un altered from the form in which they were originally photographed on such plate.
• a printing plate comprising an unreticulated colloid film having ink-receptive portions that are interrupted by relatively very fine dots, or grains, or similar devices.
• a printing plate comprisin an unreticulated gelatine film having inlrreceptive portions that are interrupted by relatively very fine dots, or grains, or similar devices.
• a printing plate comprising a colloid film having ink-receptive portions that are interrupted by dots, grains or similar devices that are photographed thereon.
• a printing plate comprising a gelatine film having ink-receptive portions that are interrupted by dots, grains or similar devices that are photographedthereon.
• a photogelatine printing plate having the ability to take on ink selectively as to its light aection from an inking roller passed over its surface at a rate exceeding six inches per second.
• a planographic printing plate capable of receiving ink selectively as to its light affection, from a roller passed over its sur- 1 face at a speed greater than six inches per till lltl
• a planographic printing plate capable of receiving ink selectively as to its light affection, from a roller passed over its surface at a speed greater than six inches per secend, which comprises a colloid film, all of the original colloidal material of 'the film being present in the portions of the finished plate unafiected by light.
• a planographic printing plate in which the ink-receptive image 1s composed of a gelatine that is tree from granular structure and capable of accepting moisture.
• a printing plate capable of printing after mechanical inking and comprising an unreticulated colloidal film that in selectively receptive to ink, all of the original colloidal material of the film being present in the finished plate.
• a printing plate capable of printing after mechanical inking and comprising an unreticulated gelatine film that is selectively receptive to ink, all of the original gelatinous material of the film being present in the finished plate.
• a printing plate capable of printing after mechanical inking and comprising an unreticulated colloidal film having the image represented by a mere change in the water-receptivity of the corresponding portions of said film.
• a printing plate capable of printing after mechanical inking and comprising an unreticulated gelatine film having the image represented by a mere change in the water-receptivity of the corresponding portions of said film.
• a printing'plate comprising a colloid film having the image represented thereon by means of dots or grains formed in a camera.
• a printing plate comprising an unreticulated colloid film having the image rep resented thereon by means of dots or grains formed in a camera.
• a printing plate capable of printing after mechanical inking and comprising an unreticulated colloidal film having the image represented by a mere change in the water-receptivity of the corresponding portions of said film and without the removal of any portions of the colloidal material of the film.
• a printing plate capable of printing after mechanical inking and comprising an unreticulated gelatine film having the image represented by a mere change in the water receptivity ot the corresponding portions of said film and without the removal of any portions of the gelatinous material of the film.
• a printing plate capable of printing atter mechanical inking and comprising a colloid film, in which has been incor porated a chromic acid salt that has been exposed to light, and the hardness of the lightafiected portions of which has been increased by the application of other hardening-means.
• a printing plate capable of printing after mechanical inking and comprising a gelatine film consisting of hardened and relatively unhardened portions, the hardened portions comprising a chromic acid salt, and having been subjected to exposure to light and further subjected to the action of a hardening agency, the relatively unhardened portions remaining relatively unaltered.
• a printing plate comprising a colloid film consisting of hardened and relatively unhardened portions, the hardened portions comprising a chromic acid salt and having been subjected to exposure to light and further subjected to the action of alcohol, the relatively unhardened portions remaining relatively unaltered;
• a printing plate comprising a gelatine film consisting of hardened and relatively unhardened portions, the hardened portions comprising a chromic acid salt and having been subjected to exposure to light and further subjected to the action of grain alcohol, the relatively unhardened portions remaining relatively unaltered.
• a printing plate comprising a colloid film consisting of hardened and relatively unhardened portions, the hardened portions comprising a chromic acid salt and having been subjected to exposure to light and further subjected to the action of grain alcohol and heating, the relatively unhardened portions remaining relatively unaltered.
• a printing plate comprising a gelatine film consisting of hardened and relatively unhardened portions.
• the hardened portions comprising a chromic acid salt and having been sub ected to exposure to light and further subjected to the action of grain alcohol and heating.
• the relatively unhardened portions remain ng relatively unaltered.
• a printing plate comprising a colloid film in which has been incorporated a chromic acid salt that has been exposed to light and the hardness of the light-affected portions of which has been increased by the use of a hardening agent which, when the excess thereof has been removed, leaves the said film in a dry state.
• a printing plate comprising a colloid film inwhich has been incorporated a chromic acid salt that has been exposed to light, and the hardness of the light-affected portions of which has been increased by the use of a hardening agent which is not absorbed by the film.
• a printing plate comprising a colloid film in which has been incorporated a chromic acid salt that has been exposed to light, and the hardness of the light-afl'ected portions of which has been increased by the application of a hardening agent which is not absorbed by said light-aiiected portions.
• a printing plate comprising a colloid film in which the parts corresponding to the image are relatively highly receptive to ink when wet with water.
• a printing plate comprising a gelatine film in which the parts corresponding to the image are relatively highly receptive to ink when wet with water.
• a printing plate comprising an unreticulated colloid film in which the parts corresponding to the image are receptive to ink when wet with water.
• a printing plate comprising an unreticulated gelatine film in which the parts corresponding to the image are receptive to in-k' w'hen wet with water.
• a printing plate comprising a colloid film having parts. corresponding to an image that are receptive to ink, the other portions of said film being capable of continuously repelling ink by the mere application of water.
• a printing plate comprising a gelatine film havlng parts corresponding to an image that are receptive to ink, the other portions of said film being capable of continuously repelling ink by the mere application of water.
• a printing plate comprising a colloid 45.
• A8 The process of making a printing plate comp-rising sensitizing a gelatine film with a chromic acid salt, subjecting the same to the selective act-ion of light'to form an image, hardening the light-affected areas more than the unaffected areas, and removing the unafiected chromic acid salt.
• A9 The process of making a printing plate comprising sensitizing a gelatine film with a chromic acid salt, subjecting the same to the selective action of light to form an image, and further hardening the light affected areas more than the unall'ected areas without removing any portion of the gelatine.
• the process or makin a printing plate comprising forming a. colloid film on the plate and sensitizing the film with a chromic acid salt by applying thereto a solution of said salt, exposing said film to a light image and hardening said film.
• composition of matter a colloid in which has been incorporated a chromic acid salt, which has been hardened by the action of light, and the hardness of which has been increased by immersion in grain alcohol.
• composition of matter a colloid
• a chromic acid salt which has been hardened by the 59.
• a composition of matter a colloid
• composition of matter a gelatine in which has been incorporated a chromic acid salt, which has been hardened by the action or light, and the hardness of which has been increased/by immersion in grain alcohol.
• composition of matter a, gelatine, in which has been incorporated a chromic acid saltand which has been harddened by light, and the hardness oil which has been further increased by the application of a hardening agent.
• composition of matter a gelatine, in which has been incorporated a chromic acid salt, and which has been hardened by light and the hardness of which has been further increased by the application of a grain alcohol as hardening agent.
• composition of matter a gela- .tine,- in which has been incorporated av been hardened by light, and the hardnessof which has been further increased by heating both the hardened and unhard'ened porplication of a hardening agent and by heating it.
• the step 0 hardening the film before sensitizing it.
• the step which comprises hardening the film with grain alcohol and formaldehyde before sensitiz- 73 the step which comprises hardening the film with grain alcohol and formaldehyde before sensitiz- 73.
• the process of making a printing plate comprising coating a backing with gelatine, hardemng the gelatine with formaldehyde, sensitizing the gelatine with a chromic acid salt, hardening the light-affected areas by the use of means which will not equally harden the unaffected areas, and
• a printing plate comprising coating a backing with a colloid, hardening the colloid with formaldehyde, sensitizing the colloid with a chromic acid salt, applying a light-restraining agent thereto, hardening the light-affected areas by the use of means which will not equally harden the unaffected areas and then removing th unaffected chromic acid salt from the plate.
• makin aprinting plate comprising coating a backing with gelatine. hardening the gelatine with formaldehyde. sensitizing the gelatine with a chromic acid salt, applying a light-restraining agent thereto, hardening the light-affected areas by the use of means which will not equally harden the unaffected areas, removing the unaffected chromic acid salt from the plate, and then heating said plate.
• the step which comprises increasing the difference in waterreceptivity' between those portions of the plate which are more receptlve to water than those which are less so.
• the step which comprises increasing with grain alcohol the difference in water-receptivity between those portions of the plate which are more receptive to water thanthose which are less so.
• the process of printing which comprises giving to portions of an unreticulated colloidal surface the capacity when wet to receive ink to form an image, and to other portions of said surface the capacity to repel ink. applying ink to said surface and printing therefrom.
• the process of printing which comprises forming on a backing a colloid coating, sensitizing said colloid with a chromicacid salt, exposing said colloid to a light image, accentuating the difference in waterreceptiveness between the exposed and unexposed portions of the colloid by hardening said exposed portions, moistening said plate and applying ink thereto.
• the process of printing which comprises forming on a backing a gelatine coating sensitizing said gelatine with a chromicacld salt, exposing said gelatine to a light image, accentuating the difi'erence in waterreceptiveness between the exposed and unexposed port-ions of the gelatine by hardening said exposed portions, moistening said plate and applying greasy ink to the less water-receptive areas.
• the process of printing which comprises forrning on a backing a gelatine coating, sensitizing said gelatine with a chromic acid salt, exposing said gelatine to a light image, accentuating the difierence in waterreceptiveness between the exposed and unexposed portions of the g'elatine, moistcning said plate and applying ink thereto.
• the process of printing comprising forming a plate having a colloid film, renvdering said film selectively water receptive according to the image desired, applying only a single ink-repelling medium to said plate and then applying ink to said plate.
• the process of printing comprising forming a plate having a colloid film, rendering said film selectively watcr-receptive according to the image desired, applying only water to saidplate and then applying ink to said plate.
• the process of printing which comprises forming on a backing a colloid coat 1n hardening said coating, sensitizing'said co loid with a chromic acid salt, exposing said colloid to a light image, then without removing the unaltered portion of said salt, accentuating the difference in water-receptiveness between the exposed and unexposed portions of the colloid, removing the unaffected portions of said salt from the said colloid coating, hardening said colloid coating and heating said plate, moistening said plate, applying ink thereto, emulsifying said ROBERT-JOHN.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
• Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
• Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=24328684

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (4)

Cited By (6)

• 1922
  • 1922-08-16 US US582321A patent/US1453259A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1922-09-08 GB GB23446/22A patent/GB202601A/en not_active Expired
• 1923
  • 1923-04-01 DE DEJ23579D patent/DE447635C/de not_active Expired
  • 1923-04-10 FR FR564973D patent/FR564973A/fr not_active Expired

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