US1442995A - Internal-combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

Jan 23, 1923., 1,442,995, E. H. BELDEN.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

FILED JUNE-15. 1917. a swam-sum L.

\ I I I Jan. 23, 1923., L MZQQS. E. H- BELDEN.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

FILED JUNE l5| 1917- 3 $HEETS-SHEEI 2.

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E. H. BELDEN.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE. FILED JUNE 15. 1917.

Jan. 23, 1923.,

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EDWARD H. BJELDEN, 01F TOLEDO, OHIO, ASSIGNOR, JBY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE WILLYS-OVERLAND COMPANY, OF TOLEDO, OHIO, A CORPORATION OJE OHIO.

JDN'JLERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

To (1/ Z whom, it may concern lie it known that l[, EDWARD lil. HnnnnN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Toledo, in the county of Lucas and State of Ohio. have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Combustion Engines. of which I declare the following to be a full, clear. and exact description.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines and particularly to the valve operating mechanism therefor.

The principal object of my invention is to provide a alve operating mechanism in which the force applied to open the valve is directed in a straight line coincident with the axis of the valve stem so that no side thrust acts upon the valve stem to cause it to wear or bind in its bearing. A further object of my invention is to provide a "alve operating mechanism which will secure a very quick closing of the valve. A further object of my invention is to provide a valve operating mechanism so constructed that the expansion of the parts, as the engine heats up, will have relatively little cfiect upon the operation of the mechanism.

A further object of my invention is to provide a valve operating mechanism so constructed that a lighter valve spring may be used so as to lessen the noise and lighten the blow of the valve upon its seat. A further object of my invention is to provide a valve operating mechanism in which the parts are at all times held under tension. A further object of my invention is to provide a valve operating mechanism in which the valves are actuated from the cam shaft through the medium of a pull rod in place of the customary push rod. A further object of my invention is to provide a valve operating mechanism which is very readily accessible for purposes of adjustment and repair, and which is so combined with the cylinder head construction that the weight of the cylinder head may be reduced and the intake and exhaust passages more easily cooled.

In carrying out my invention, ll provide a valve actuating arm engaging the upper end of the valve stem, and slidably mounted in the cylinder head so as to move in a plane parallel to the plane of the valve stem. said valve actuating arm being connected by a long pull rod with a bell crank operated by the cam shaft, and serving to multiply the motion caused by the cams on the cam shaft. The pull rod is sufliciently long and has suflicient spring so that the .motion at the end of the bell crank arm is converted into a straight rectilinear motion of the valve actuating arm. The spring pressure for returning, the valve to closed position may be furnished by springs disposed beneath opposite ends of said valve actuating arm, so that said springs tend to balance each other and prevent any side thrust upon the valve actuating arm or the valve stem.

Further objects, and objects relating to economics of manufacture and details of construction will definitely appear from the detailed description to follow.

I accomplish the objects of my invention by the devices and means described in the following specifications. My invention is clearly defined and pointed out in the appended claims.

A structure, constituting a preferred embodiment of my invention, is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which:

Figure I is a view in side elevation of an engine constructed in accordance with my invention, certain parts being broken away for convenience in illustration.

Figure II is a top plan view of the engine.

Figure III is a vertical, sectional view,

taken through the exhaust port of one cylinder of said engine, said view being taken substantially on the line ][I1[I][I of Figures 1E and H.

Figure ][V is an enlarged, fragmentary, sectional view, taken substantially on the line IV-IV of Figure I.

Figure V is a fragmentary, sectional view taken substantially on the line V-V of Figure H, and showing the intake valve and operating mechanism therefor.

Figure V1 is an enlarged, detail, fragmentary, sectional view, taken substantially on the line V][VI of Figure IV.

In the drawings, similar reference. n11- merals refer to similar parts throughout the several views, and the sectional views are taken looking in the direction of the little arrows at the ends of the section lines.

Considering the numbered parts of the drawings, the engine comprises cylinders 10 mounted on the crank case 13, to which is secured the crank case base 14., and in which is journaled the crank shaft 15. The pistons 16, operating in the cylinders 10, are connected to the crank shaft 15 by connecting rods 17. Cylinder head 18 is secured in place by bolts 21 andcarries the spark plugs 19 and has a passage 20 extending longitudinally thereof above the cylinders. This longitudinally extending intake passage 20 is connected with each cylinder by means of the inwardly curved intake port 23, which has a valve seat 24 on which the intake valve 25 seats. The intake passage 20 has an inlet opening 26 by means of which it is connected with the usual carburetor connection. The exhaust manifold 27 has the branches 28, which are connected with the exhaust ports 29 of the cylinder. Each exhaust port 29 is providedwith the valve seat 30 on which seats the exhaust valve 33. The exhauts and intake valves and the mechanism for operating said valves are identical in construction and therefore, no distinction will be made between said valves in describing the construction of the valve operating mechanism.

An outer wall 34 surrounds the upper ends of the cylinders 1 10 and provides a water jacket space 35' between said outer wall 34 and the cylinders 10. Longitudinally extending ridges 36 are provided in said wall 34 said ridges being provided with central passages 37 to receive the valve operating pull rods. The cylinder head 18 is also provided with vertically extending ridges 38, corresponding with the ridges 36 in the wall 34, and in line with them when the cylinder head is secured in place. Said ridges 38 on the cylinder head are, provided with central passages 39 corresponding to and in line with the passages 37. A continuous vertical wall 40 on the cylinder head, encloses a cup-shaped chamber 43 receiving the valve operating mechanism. The valves are provided with the upwardly extending valve stems 44, extending into said chamber and slidably mounted in the bearing sleeves 45, fitted in openings 46, in.

the cylinder head above the corresponding valve ports. The bearing sleeves 45 are each provided with a shoulder 47, the lower surface of which engages the top of the cylinder head, while the upper surface of said shoulder is engaged by a spring 49, which is compressed between said shoulder and a cupshaped washer 48 secured on the upper end of the valve stem. The cam shaft 50 is mounted in bearings 53 and is driven from the crank shaft through the intermeshing gears 31 and 32, gear 32 being twice the .size of the gear 31, so that the cam shaft makes one revolution for every two revolutions of the crank shaft.

Mounted upon the inclined surface 51 of the cylinder base are the bearing brackets 52 in which the shaft sections 41 are mounted. The bearing shaft is made in two or more sections and carried by the bearing brackets 52 and said shaft sections carry the bell crank levers 42 each comprising the downwardly extending arm 56 having the roller 57 engaged by one of the cams 54 on the cam shaft 50, and the laterally extending arm 58 pivotally connected at 59 to the lower end of the pull rod 60. The arm 58 of the bell crank being somewhat longer than the arm 56, the movement caused by the cam 54 is multiplied in its transmission to the pull rod 60. The bearing brackets 52 are secured in place by the bolts 61 and 63, the bolt 63 being longer than the bolt 61 and extending through the opening in the cover 64 which closes the opening 62 provided in the side of the cylinder base. The nut 63 threaded on the outer end of the bolt 63 keeps the cover 64 in place overthe opening. Two or more openings 62 may be provided. It w ll be seen that by removing this cover, the operator can gain access to the shaft sections and to the bearing brackets therefor so that anyone of the shaft sections can be removed quickly and easily so that access can be very easily had to the cam shaft.

Each of the pull rods 60 is disposed in one of the aligned passages 37 and 39. Each valve actuating member 67 has a hollow stem 66, integral therewith. which is slidably mounted in the upper end of the passage 39, and said valve actuating member has an arm 68, which extends laterally over and engages the upper end of the valve stem 44, and an arm 69, extending in the opposite direction and engaging the disc 70, between which and the bottom of the valve mechanism chamber 43, the spring 73 is compressed to counterbalance the valve spring 49. The pull rod 60 extends upwardly through the passage 37 and 39 and through the hollow stem 66. Nut 74 is threaded on the upper end of said pull rod 60, and provided with a tapering portion engaging in a tapering bore 75 in the valveactuating member 67, so that the valve-actuating member is rigidly secured to the upper end of the pull rod 60. Openings 76 are provided in the side of the hollow stem 66 and there is also provided a vent 77 at the upper end of said hollow stem. The chamber 43 receiving the valve operating parts,

-is closed by a cover 78 having a flange 79 engaging the top edge of the wall 40 said cover being secured in place by the nuts 80 on the ends of bolts 21. The threaded studs 81 are carried by bosses 71 formed on the ridges 39 on the cylinder head and the flanges 83 of the exhaust manifold branches 28 are secured thereto by the nuts 82. Above and below the longitudinally extending intake passage 20 there are provided the water passages 84 and 85, which are connected by the passage 86 with the water jacket space 35, so that the water with an may circulate around the cylinders and around the intake and exhaust passages in the head to heat the former and cool the latter.

lFrom the description of the parts given above, the operation should be very readily understood. As the engine operates, the rotation of the cam shaft 50 in the direction of the little arrow will cause the cam 54 to engage the roller 57 on the short arm 56 of the bell crank. causing the bell crank to rock on the bearing shaft, and the long arm 58 of the bell crank, being connected at 59 with the lower end of the pull rod 60, will transmit a downward pull, through said pull rod 60, to the valve-actuating member 67, which is mounted so that it is forced to move in a vertical plane since the stem 66, integral with said member 67, is slidably mounted for vertical movement in the u per end of the passage 39. As a result t e end of the arm 68 engaging the upper end of the valve stem 44, will transmit a direct push to said valve stem in line with the axis thereof, and against the tension of springs 7 3 and 49, to open the valve.

As the cam moves forward, the springs 73 and 49 will be'effective to return the valve and the valve-operating parts to the normal position. It will be observed that the valveactuating member 67 has a straight rectilinear motion and hence the force exerted on the valve stem will be exerted in a line co-incident with the axis thereof, and there can be no side stress or thrust to cause the valve stem to bind or wear in its bearing sleeve. Furthermore, the spring 73 is arranged to balance the spring 49 so that there will be no side thrust or Stress on the stem 66, due to either of the springs. The strength of springs 73 and 49 varies in proportion to the length of the arms 68 and 69, so that the turning moments due to said springs approximately balance each other. It will be observed that, while the movement of the stem 66 is purely rectilinear, the movement of the lower end of the pull rod 60 is not so, since it moves with the outer end of the bell crank 58, which follows a curved path. However, within the limits of movement caused by the cam 54, the end of the pull rod 60 does not depart greatly from a rectilinear movement, and to whatever extent it differs therefrom, the difference is taken up by the resiliency of the pull rod between the upper end where it is firmly attached to the valve actuating member 67 and the point 59, where it is connected to the crank arm 58. llt will be seen that this is'possible since the pull rod is mounted in the passages 37 and39, which are of considerably greater diameter than the pull rod, so that it is not in engagement :part thereof, which would interfere wit1 its swinging or bending laterally.

lltll:

Since the crank arm 58 is longer than crank arm 56, the movementimpar-ted by the cam 54 to crank arm 56 is multiplied before it is transmitted to the end of the pull rod 60.

The bearing shaft sections are so mounted that they are very readily accessible and may be easily removed to facilitate adjustmentsand repair. After removing the nut (33' from the bolt 63, the cover 64 may be removed from either of the openings in the side of the cylinder base. If desired, either of the bearing shaft sections can then be removed by removing the bolts 60 and 63 which hold the supporting brackets 52 in place. When the hearing shaft section has been removed, the cam shaft is readily accessible so that the cams thereon may be reached. Furthermore, the valve operating parts on the cylinder head are always enclosed within the chamber 43 formed in the cylinder head and are covered by the cover 78. By unscrewing the nut 74, the valveactuating member 67 may be removed, and the whole valve operating mechanism can be taken downv with very little difficulty. The valve actuating parts are completely enclosed and not even the pull rods 60 are exposed, since they operate in the passages 37 and 39 provided in the cylinder block and the cylinder head. The connections between the pull rods and the valves are very simple and'compact, and, at the same time they insure a direct positive straight line push on the valve stems, eliminating any side thrust or stress. The springs for returning the valves to their normal position are so arranged that they will not exert any side stress or thrust upon the stems 66 which form the bearings for the valve-. actuating members. Furthermore, these valve operating parts are so simply and compactly arranged that it is possible to eliminate considerable metal from the cyl-' inder head, thus reducing the weight of the engine and permitting the greater part of the length of the exhaust passages to be exposed to the air so that they can be cooled more readily and quickly. Furthermore, this arrangement of valve operating mechanism permits of the ready connection of the water passages 84 and 85, above and below the intake passage in the head, with the water acket of the cylinder, so that a more efficient cooling of the cylinder head is obtained. l have pointed out a number of advantages arising from this improved valve operating mechanism and others will be apparent from the description of the mechanism given above. I desire to point out particularly that this mechanism provides a very simple and compact construction for operating the valves of a valve-in-the-head motor, and one in which the force exerted on the valves to open them is exerted in a straight line in line with the axis of the valve, without any side thrust or stress.

i'lhis is a very important feature, and one upon which I desire to lay particular stress.

It will be seen that, in view of the fact that the valve stem and the pull rod 60 operate in the same directions, the expansion of these parts as the engine heats up will have no effect upon the operation of the valve mechanism, so that it will not be necessary to provide as great a clearance between the upper end of the valve stem and the arm 68, as would otherwise be necessary, since as the valve stem expands the pull rod 60 likewise expands in the same direction, and carries with it the arm 68. It will furthermore be apparent that the spring 49 acts merely to return the valve to its seat. while the spring 73 returns the valve-operating parts, including the stem 66 and the arms 68 and 69, to their normal position and that said spring 73 acts to hold the roller 57 on the arm 56 of the bell crank in engagement with the cam 54, so that all parts of the valve operating mechanism are held under spring tension. This enables the use of a lighter valve spring since the only work it has to do is to return the valve to its position. lighter valve spring is highly desirable because it lessens the blow of the valve on its seat and thus lessens noise and wear on the valve seat. It will also be apparent that since the pull rods 60 act as tension members to operate the valve mechanism, they may be made of lighter material than in the case of ush rods, which act as compression mem rs. The valve operating mechanism and the valve stems will be chamber housing the valve operating mech-- anism so that the same is effectively lubricated. A

In my valve operating mechanism I am able to incline the valve operating arms at angles to each other, as shown in Figure II, so that the outer ends of said arms are closer to each other than the ends which engage the valve stems. By this means I can spread the cams on the cam shaft so as to avoid the connecting rods and the parts can thus be brought closer together allowing the use of a smaller timing gear.

I am aware that this particular embodiment of my invention may be changed considerably without departing from the spirit of my invention, but I have found that this specific, embqdimgt is desirable from many The use of astandpoints, and, therefore, I desire to claim my invention specifically as well as broadly, as indicated by my appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder block; a cylinder head; a valve having a stem and stem head slidably mounted in said cylinder head; a valve actuating member, having a hollow stem slidably mounted in said head, and extending in a line parallel to the valve stem, an arm extending therefrom and engaging the head of the valve stem, and a second arm extending from said hollow stem; a spring surrounding said valve stem, and compressed between the head thereof and the cylinder head; a spring disposed between the end of said second arm and the cylinder head; a pull rod rigidly connected to said valve actuating member and disposed in aligned passages formed in said cylinder head and cylinder block, the upper end of said rod being disposed within said hollow stem; a cam shaft; a rock shaft; and a bell crank lever mounted thereon and having one arm disposed to be actuated by said cam shaft, and another arm connected to the lower end of said ull rod.

2. In an interna combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder head; a valve having a stem and stem head slidably mounted in said cylinder head; a valve actuating member, having a hollow stem slidably mounted in said head, and extending in a line parallel to the valve stem, an arm extending therefrom and engaging the head of the valve stem, an arm extending from said hollow stem; a spring surrounding said valve stem, and compressed between the head thereof and the cylinder head; a spring disposed between the end of the second arm and the cylinder head; a pull rod rigidly connected to said valve actuating member, the upper end of said rod being disposed within said hollow stem; a cam shaft; a rock shaft; and a bell crank lever mounted thereon and having one arm disposed to be actuated by said cam shaft and another arm connected to the lower end of said pull rod.

3. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder head; a valve having a stem and stem head slidably mounted in said cylinder head; a valve actuating member having a hollow stem slidably mounted in said head, and extending in a line parallel to the valve stem, an arm extending therefrom and engaging the head of the valve stem, and a second arm extending from said hollow stem; a spring surrounding said valve stem, and compremed between the head thereof and the cylinder head; a spring disposed between the end of tanner line parallel to the valve stem, an arm'exk tending therefrom and engaging the head of the valve stem, and a second arm extending from said hollow stem; a spring surrounding said valve stem, and compressed between the head thereof and the cylinder head; a spring disposed between the end of said second arm and the cylinder head; a

pull rod connected to said valve actuating member; and means for actuating said pull rod.

5. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination of a cylinder head; a valve having a stem slidably mounted in said head: a spring for closing the valve; a valveactuating member having a stem slidably mounted in said head, and extending in a line parallel to the valve stem; an arm extending therefrom and engaging the head of the valve stem, and a secend arm extending from said stem; a spring disposed between the end of said second arm and the cylinder head and balancing said valve spring; a pull rod connected to said valve actuating member; and means for actuating said pull rod.

6. In an internal combustion engine, the combinationof a cylinder head; a valve having a stem slidably mounted in said head; .a spring for closing the valve; a valve actuating member engaging the head of said valve stem, and slidably mounted in said cylinder head to move in a direction parallel to the direction of movement of said valve stem; a spring engaging said valve actuating member and acting in the same direction as said valve spring, to counterbalance said valve spring; a pull rod connected to said valve, actuatlng member; and means for actuating said pull rod.

7. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder head; a valve having a stem slidably mounted in said head; a spring for closing the valve; a valve actuating member, having a stem slidably:

mounted in said head and extending in 5a actuating member engaging the head of said valve stem; a pull rod connected to said valve actuating member; a spring engaging said valve actuating member and acting in the same direction as said valve spring, said pull rod being-connected to said valve ac-V tuating member between the points of a plication of said spring, whereby said springs counterbalance each other; and means for actuating said pull rod.

8. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder head; a valve having a stem slidably mounted in said head; a spring for closing the valve; a valve actuating member, having a stem slidably mounted in said head and extending in aline parallel to the valve stem; a pull rod connected to said valve actuating member; aspring engaging said valve actuating member and acting in the same direction thereag'ainst, as said valve spring, said pull rod being connected to said valve actuating member at a point in a line between the points of application of said springs, the distance of said points of applicationto the point of connection of said pull rod, and the strength of said springs, being so proportioned that around said point of connection are approximately equal; and means for actuating said pull rod.

9. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder head; a valve having a stem slidably mounted in said head; a pull rod extending parallel tosaid valve stem, a valve actuating member adapted to be reciprocated by thewpull rod, means for resiliently supporting the valve actu-atin member from opposite sides of its point 0 connection to the pull rod, and means for actuating said pull rod.

10. In an internal combustion engine; the combination of a cylinder head, having a chamber formed therein; a plurality of valves having stems slidably mounted in said head, and extending upwardly into said chamber; a plurality of pull rods extending through said head upwardly into said chamber; means for actuating said pull rods; and valve actuating members disposed in saidchamber and having stems slidably mounted in said head, and extending parallel to said valve stem; said members engaging the heads of said valve stems and being connected to said pull rods.

11. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder head, having a chamber formed therein; a plurality of valves having stems slidably mounted in said head, and extending upwardly into said upwardly into said chamber; means for actuating said pull rods; valve. actuating members disposed in said chamber, and having line parallel to the valve stem, said valve valve stems springs disposed between the bottom of said chamber and said valve actuating members, both of said springs acting on said valve actuating members, in the same direction, at points on opposite sides 6f the points of connection of said actuating members with said pull rods.

12. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder head, havmg a chamber formed therein; a plurality of valves havin stems slidably mounted in said head, an extending upwardly into said chamber; a plurality of pull rods extending upwardly into said chamber; means for actuating said pull rods; and valve actuating members disposed in said chamber and having stems slidably mounted n said head, said members engaging the heads of said valve stems and being connected to said pull rods.

13. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder head, having a chamber formed therein; a plurality of valves having stems slidably mounted in said head, and extendin upwardly into said chamber; a plurality of pull rods extending through said head; means for actuating said pull rods; and valve actuating members disposed in said chamber and reciprocably mounted on said head, said members engaging..the heads of said valve stems and being connected to said pull rods.

14. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder head, having a chamber formed therein; a plurality of valves having stems slidably mounted in said A head; a plurality of pull rods extending through said head; means for actuating said pull rods; and valve actuating members disposed in said chamber and reciprocably mountedon said head, said members engaging .the heads of said valve stems and being connected to said pull rods.

15. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a plurality of intake and exhaust valves; a plurality of valve operating rods therefor; a cylinder block having an inclined supporting surface on its base; a crank case having openings in the side thereof; a cam shaft; aplurality of supporting brackets removably secured to said inclined surface, in line with said openings in the crank case; a plurality of bearing shaft sec tions carried by said brackets; a plurality of bell crank levers journaled on said shaft sec tions, each bell crank lever comprising an arm disposed to be engaged by one of the cams of the cam shaft, and an arm connected to the lower end of one of said operating rods.

16. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a plurality of intake and exhaust valves; a pluralityof valve operating rods; a crank case having openings in the side thereof; a cam shaft; a plurality of supporting brackets removably secured to the cylinder base in line with said openings in the crank case; a lurality of bearing shaft sections carried by said brackets; a pluralit of bell crank levers journaled on said sha t sections, each bell crank lever comprising an arm disposed to be engaged by one of the cams of the cam shaft, and an arm connected to the lower end of one of said operating rods.

17 In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a plurality of intake and exhaust valves; a plurality of valve operating rods therefor; a cylinder block; a crank case having openings in the sides thereof; a cam shaft; a plurality of bearing shaft sections removably carried by said cylinder block and being so mounted and of such a length as to be removable through the openings in the side of the crank case; a pluralit of bell crank levers journaled on said s aft sections, each bell crank lever comprising an arm disposed to be engaged by one of the cams on the cam shaft, and an arm connected to the lower end of one of said operatin rods.

18. 11 an internal combustion engine, the combination of a plurality of intake and exhaust valves; a plurality of valve operating rods therefor; a cylinder block; a crank case having openlngs in the side thereof; a cam shaft; a plurality of bearing shaft sections removably secured to said cylinder block, and removable through said openings in the side of the crank case; and a plurality of bell crank levers journaled on said shaft sections and connecting said cam shaft with said operating rods.

19. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder block comprising a plurality of alined cylinders and an outer wall surrounding said cylinders and forming a water jacket around the same, said outer wall being formed with a plurality of portions of enlarged cross section extendin longitudinally of the cylinders and rovi ing passageways therethrough and va ve operating rods extending through said passageways.

20. In an internal combustion engine having a cylinder, a cylinder head therein and a base at the opposite end of said cylinder carrying a valve operating cam, the combination therewith of a lever for engagement with said cam, a resilient valve rod pivoted at its lower end to said lever, a valve carried by said cylinder head and operatively connected to the upper end of said valve rod and guide means for the upper end of said rod the lower end thereof being free to permit slight lateral movement.

21. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, a cylinder head therefor, a valve and valve stem carried by said head, a crank case at the lower end of naaaa ed in said cylinder head to move in a direction parallel to the path of movement of said valve, a spring engaging said actuating member to equalize the efl'ect of said valve spring upon said actuating member, said springs being arranged to be compressed simultaneously by said actuating member.

23. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder, a head therefor, a valve having a stem slidably mounted in said head, a valve actuating member engaging said valve stem, means for' resiliently supporting said actuating member at opposite ends thereof, a pull rod slidably mounted in said cylinder head and connec -+01 to said valve actuating member, means external of said cylinder for operating said pull rod.

24. In an internal combustion engine, the combination of a cylinder head, a plurality of valves slidably mounted'in id head, a spring for closing each valve, a separate valve actuating member for each valve slidably mounted in said cylinder head to move in a direction parallel to the direction ofcounter-balance said valve springs, and means'comprising a pull rod having a bearing in said cylinder head for operating said valve actuating member.

25. In an internal combustionengine, the combinationof a cylinder head, a plurality of valves slidably mounted in said head, a spring for closing each valve, a separate valve actuatin member for each valve slidably mounted in said cylinder head to move in a direction parallel to the direction of movement of the corresponding valve, a spring engaging each of said valve actuating members and acting in the same direction as the corresponding valve spring to counter-balancesaid valve springs, and an operating rod passing through and having a bearing in said head and arranged to engage said actuating member at a point between said two springs.

26. In an internal combustion engine, a

cylinder having a longitudinal passage formed in a wall thereof, a valve for said engine, a valve actuating rod extending through said passage, and means for operatzin said rod.

ing a water jacket therebetween, said outer wall having a longitudinal passage formed therein, a valve for said engine and a valve actuating rod extendingthrough said passa e. o

%8. In an internal combustion engine, a c linder, a cylinder head having a valve t erein, said cylinder and cylinder head being formed with aligned longitudinal open ings therein, and an actuating rod for said valve extending through said aligned openngs.

h an internal combustion engine, a cylinder having inner and outer walls form-v In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

EDWARD H. Brennan.

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