US1442470A - Lighting fixture - Google Patents

Description

J DOYLE LIGHTING FI xTuRE. FILED JAN. I5. 1920l Jan. 116, E923.

INI/ENTOR.

.of the same by Patented dan. i6, 1%23.

UNET

JOHN DYLE, OIE' NEVY YORK, N. Y.

LIGHTNG FXTURE.

Application filed January 15, 1920.

Tc all whom t may concern.'

Be it known that I, JOHN Dormi, a citizen of the United States, and a resident ofNew York, in the county of Broni; and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Lighting Fixtures, of which the following is a specilication.

My invention relates to that class of lighting fixtures for use in connection with gas or electric light which, by means of shades or reflectors, seeks to improve the diffusion the employment simultaneously of direct and indirect lighting methods.

Ithas for its principal object to provide a simple and artistic lighting liXt-ure of metal so constructed as to meet the peculiar requirements which particularly adapt it for use over work benches, machines, show cases, and in many similar ways.

Another object of my invention is to relieve the eye strain of the worker by providing an area within his field of vision so evenly illuminated that the eye accommodates itself to the gradations from the lower to the higher values without perceptible effort.

Another object is to obviate the breakage incident to the use of glass xtures.

A` further object achieved by me in this invention is the creation of a novel lighting fixture which concentrates and diffuses all the rays of light emanating from their source in such a way that while they are thus utilized in increased and substantially uniform illumination, there is entire absence of dazzling, glare or shadows.

Another object of my invention is to furnish a concentrated spot light of great brilliancy through the open end of a lower reflector, as hereinafter described. In the attainment of this, as well as of the other objects set forth, my device is designed to shield the worker or observer from the direct rays emanating from the source of light, and in fact the said source is invisible when the gaze is directed toward the 'illuminated area.

My invention consists in certain novel combinations and arrangements of parts which will be more clearly understood by referring to the accompanying drawings,

in which Figure 1 is a front elevation of my preferred form of fixture applied to an incandescent electric lamp, and Figure 2 a 'the concave walls of the reflector Serial No. 351,731.

reverse plan view of the same, that is looking up into the reflector and showing the nieansfor connect-ing the parts of the device together.

@Similar reference numerals refer parts throughout the drawings.

l a globular upper reflector the inner wall or reflecting surface of which is of the usual concave shape. Attached to the walls thereof by screw bolts 2, and extending slightly above and within the lower open end of the same, .is a second openended reflector 3, the inner wall of which is convex and the other concave, being curved oppositely to those of the upper reflector shown. rlhe point of attachment between the two reflectors is so located that the part 3 extends a Short distance within the part l, as shown at l0, this arrangement resulting in entirely concealing the lamp from the eye as ordinarily viewed. The circumference of the lower and widest part of member l is in substantially the same vertical plane with that ot the lower and widest part oit' member 3. ril`he fixture is held in place in 'the usual way on lamp socket 5 by means of thumb screws 6.

y means of my invention i ani enabled to utilize all the rays emanating from the source of light in the followingy way: As the reflector l is opaque, it intercepts and concentrates all the rays which are projected upwardly and laterally from the lilament. and reflects them downwardl y7 against 3, from whence they are diffused or re-projected outwardly and upwardly, as indicated by 7. Such of the rays issuing from the nlamentas are intercepted by the inner walls of part 3, are reflected therefrom downwardly and inwardly as indicated by S, 8. The only rays which are not intercepted and reflected by the inner walls of part l and the inner and outer walls of part 3, are the direct rays 9 which pass down. through the open end of member It will be evident from the foregoing description that l have devised a lamp shade which is most etlicient in securing the ob'- jects already enumerated. lt produces 'that even diffusion of light, with absence of dazzling` or glare. that. is absolutely essential for use with safety in connection with machines and work benches generally, and its construction renders it impossible for any rays of light to enter the eye directly to like when it is focussed on the worlr; the concentrated spotlight makes it well adapted for use over show casesl where distributed or diffused illumination is also needed by indirect means for display purposes; and the two reflectors of mydevice co-operate with such nicety to create a practically uniform area of illumination within proper limits, that my improved fixture is strikingly well fitted for use where fine or close work is being done and where care must b-e exercised to provide sufficient light to avoid eye strain.

liVliile l have described the parts of my shade as made of metal, l do not limit myself to this material. The upper rel-lector may be made of glass, and the lower of metal, or both of glass, or of any other material of which refiectors may be constructed. The inner walls of my device should be lined with porcelain enamel, or some other suitable refracting material. lt will be found that metal is preferable where the fixture is to be used for industrial purpose as this will dispose of the ever present danger of breakage where structures of glass are employed, which is a greatadvantage.

ylhe main inventive idea of this invention consists in the arrangement of a plurality of reflectors which co-operate with each other to intercept and diffuse all the rays emanating from the source of light, with the :iception of such rays as are projected directly downward 'from the light source, and including as an essential part of the combination a reflector whose outer wall is concave and positioned as shown and described.

1What l claim as new and by Letters Patent, is:

l. A lighting fixture comprising two opaque reflectors, one extending slightly within the other other by the means which hold them together, a light source enclosed thereby, the lower of said reflectors being a substantially truncated conoid open at both ends, whose outer' wall is concave, and so positioned with respect to the upper reflector as to refiect the rays intercepted by it from its inner and outer surfaces, substantially as described.

2. A lighting fixture comprising upper desire to secure and spaced from each and lower opaque refieotors flaring in opposite directions and enclosing a light source, one reflector extending slightly within the other and being spaced therefrom by the connecting means which holds tnein both in position, the lower reflector being conoidal in form with open ends, its outer wall being concave, and having inner and outer reflecting surfaces, substantially as described.

t ri lighting fixture comprising two opaque oppositely flaring reflectors, vthe upper reflector being downwardly opening, the lower reflector' being open at both ends and having inner and outer reflecting surfaces, the narrower part of the latter refiector extending within the upper and being connected thereto and spaced therefrom by the rods which hold them in said posit-ion, the inner surface of the upper reflector and the outer surface of the lower reflector being concavely curved in oppositely extending directions, substantially as described.

4C. il, lighting fixture comprising a plurality of reflectors with means for attaching same to a source of light concealed thereby,

one of said ieectors being downwardlyopening and so arranged that it reflects the rays of light intercepted by it from said source, and

another of said reflectors open at both ends, the `outer surface ofthe latter reflector being concave and having a reflecting surface arranged within it, one refiector extending slightly within the other, and the two being held in that position, and being spaced from each other, by the rods which hold them together, substantially as set forth.

5. ln combination, a lighting fixture comprising' an upper and a lower member which are opaque, one being open at both ends and having inner and outer reflecting surfaces, its outer wall being concave, a source of light' housed thereby, the narrower end of one member extending slightly within the wider end of the other, and spaced. therefrom by holding inea-ns, the two members their widest parts being in substantially the same vertical plane, substantially set forth.

ln testimony whereof, l have signed name to this specification.

JOHN DOYLE.

deflects them to the surface ofl

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