US144112A - Improvement in the construction of tunnels and sewers - Google Patents
Improvement in the construction of tunnels and sewers Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US144112A US144112A US144112DA US144112A US 144112 A US144112 A US 144112A US 144112D A US144112D A US 144112DA US 144112 A US144112 A US 144112A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- construction
- tunnel
- bricks
- sewers
- tunnels
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 13
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 210000002105 tongue Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000003739 neck Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
- E21D11/102—Removable shuttering; Bearing or supporting devices therefor
Definitions
- the iirst part of my invention relates to the construction of a sewer, tunnel, or other arched building, with tongued or grooved bricks pressed to a certain regular shape and curvature, with holes pierced through them for connecting-rods of wood or iron to run into and bind together in such manner that the said bricks can be placed in their order, one upon another, so as to produce a self-sustaining work, and, when the conformation is completed, form a tunnel of great strength, requiring no name-work during its Vconstruction, and little or no mortar when placed in hard grounds, thus insuring a great saving in time, labor, and expense.
- the second part of my invention relates to the construction of metallic adjustable straps placed transversely across the tunnel or sewer so as to answer the purpose of supports for such gas, water, or other main pipes as may be laid within the tunnel, and at the same time serve as braces for the structure itself.
- Figure/1 is a vertical transverse section of a sewer embodying my invention.
- Fig. 2 is a longitudinal elevation of Fig. l with a portion in section.
- Fig. 4 is a perspective view of one of the adjustable braces for supporting the vmain pipes and strengthening the tunnel.
- Fig. 5 is a perspective view of a sample brick, tongued, grooved, and pierced, embodying my invention.
- B B are the bricks composing it, which are made of the same dimensions and of the same pattern, with the exception of the two or three, B B', forming the walls between the semicircular roof and iiooring ct c and a. c', respectively.
- These bricks before being baked are pressed or stamped and numbered for the curvature required, so as to have a smooth face, f, on which the number is impressed, a tongue on one edge, t, and a groove, g, on the opposite side.
- a hole, h is at the same time pierced through each to serve the double purpose of holding the connectingrods r, ofwood or iron, for binding several together, as also to insure a more thoroughly-baked brick, as'
- the bricks are placed one upon another, edgewise, in a sloping direction, as shown in Fig. 2, so that the groove of each brick sha-ll hold half of the tongues of the two anterior ones, and, consequently, the tongue of eachfits into the half of each groove of the two succeeding bricks.
- any mortar excepting in the case of a tunnel being used as a sewer-such as S-when an .inner layer of mortar for the flooring, to make all water-tight, may be required.
- G C are the cast-iron braces for supporting the main pipes for water, W, and gas, G, &c., and for strengthening the tunnel. They are composed of two pieces, c and c', each of which is provided with projecting bands b b at one end for inclosing the brick-work of the tunnel in the spaces between them, and around the neck n, which rests on the structure. tremities of these pieces slots m are made for holding bolts q q', so that the compound brace C or C can be adjusted to suit the dimensions transversely of the tunnel.
- the piece c has curved portions z z for the mains to rest ou, and a projection, y, in the center for an eye, c, to be screwed into, so that a pulley can be hooked onto it and suspended therefrom.
- a truck, T for carrying these pipes, is provided with wheels having curved faces to suit the formation of the base of the tunnel, and is moved along from place to place by power applied to a windlass iixed at any one of the openings or shafts, the windlass-rope d being attached to the truck, and running over two or more pulleys, such as K, suspended from the braces C C.
- The' structure S built with numbered bricks B B', through the bodies of which rods or tubes r r are run longitudinally so as to string several together for pres erving the shape of the structure, substantially as und for the purpose herein set forth.
- the compound adjustable braces C provided With necks n n, zmges b b', und curvatures z' z', in combination with the tongued and grooved bricks B B' and longitudinal rods r r, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Description
-.TNITEIJ STATES PATENT OFFICE.
GEORGE IINOLL, OF sAN FRANCIsCo, CALIFORNIA.
IMPROVEMENT IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF TUNNELS AND SEWERS.
Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 144,112, dated October 28, 1873; application filed January 17, 1873. i
To all 07mm 'it may concern.' Y
Be it known that I, GEORGE KNOLL, of the city and county of San Francisco, State of California, have invented certain Improvements in the Construction of Tunnels, Sewers, and other arched buildings, of which the following is a specification:
(l.) The iirst part of my invention relates to the construction of a sewer, tunnel, or other arched building, with tongued or grooved bricks pressed to a certain regular shape and curvature, with holes pierced through them for connecting-rods of wood or iron to run into and bind together in such manner that the said bricks can be placed in their order, one upon another, so as to produce a self-sustaining work, and, when the conformation is completed, form a tunnel of great strength, requiring no name-work during its Vconstruction, and little or no mortar when placed in hard grounds, thus insuring a great saving in time, labor, and expense.
(2.) The second part of my invention relates to the construction of metallic adjustable straps placed transversely across the tunnel or sewer so as to answer the purpose of supports for such gas, water, or other main pipes as may be laid within the tunnel, and at the same time serve as braces for the structure itself.
Figure/1 is a vertical transverse section of a sewer embodying my invention. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal elevation of Fig. l with a portion in section. Fig. 4 is a perspective view of one of the adjustable braces for supporting the vmain pipes and strengthening the tunnel. Fig. 5 isa perspective view of a sample brick, tongued, grooved, and pierced, embodying my invention.
S S represent a sewer or tunnel. B B are the bricks composing it, which are made of the same dimensions and of the same pattern, with the exception of the two or three, B B', forming the walls between the semicircular roof and iiooring ct c and a. c', respectively. These bricks before being baked are pressed or stamped and numbered for the curvature required, so as to have a smooth face, f, on which the number is impressed, a tongue on one edge, t, and a groove, g, on the opposite side. A hole, h, is at the same time pierced through each to serve the double purpose of holding the connectingrods r, ofwood or iron, for binding several together, as also to insure a more thoroughly-baked brick, as'
well as allow of a free circulation of air in all construction s wherein such bricks may be used.
In building the structure, the bricks are placed one upon another, edgewise, in a sloping direction, as shown in Fig. 2, so that the groove of each brick sha-ll hold half of the tongues of the two anterior ones, and, consequently, the tongue of eachfits into the half of each groove of the two succeeding bricks. In hard ground it is only necessary for the workman to pile up these bricks as fast as he can handle them, without the employment of any mortar, excepting in the case of a tunnel being used as a sewer-such as S-when an .inner layer of mortar for the flooring, to make all water-tight, may be required.
G C are the cast-iron braces for supporting the main pipes for water, W, and gas, G, &c., and for strengthening the tunnel. They are composed of two pieces, c and c', each of which is provided with projecting bands b b at one end for inclosing the brick-work of the tunnel in the spaces between them, and around the neck n, which rests on the structure. tremities of these pieces slots m are made for holding bolts q q', so that the compound brace C or C can be adjusted to suit the dimensions transversely of the tunnel. The piece c has curved portions z z for the mains to rest ou, and a projection, y, in the center for an eye, c, to be screwed into, so that a pulley can be hooked onto it and suspended therefrom.
Forlaying the mains W, G, Src., the open-V ings or shafts leading to the sewer are inclined so as to have a convenient grade for lowering' and shifting the pipes along and within them. A truck, T, for carrying these pipes, is provided with wheels having curved faces to suit the formation of the base of the tunnel, and is moved along from place to place by power applied to a windlass iixed at any one of the openings or shafts, the windlass-rope d being attached to the truck, and running over two or more pulleys, such as K, suspended from the braces C C.
I claim as my invention-- Near the eX- 1. The' structure S, built with numbered bricks B B', through the bodies of which rods or tubes r r are run longitudinally so as to string several together for pres erving the shape of the structure, substantially as und for the purpose herein set forth.
2. The compound adjustable braces C, provided With necks n n, zmges b b', und curvatures z' z', in combination with the tongued and grooved bricks B B' and longitudinal rods r r, substantially as and for the purpose hereinbefore set forth.
GEORGE KNOLL. Witnesses:
ALFRED C. CRANE, LIONEL VARIoAs.
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US144112A true US144112A (en) | 1873-10-28 |
Family
ID=2213525
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US144112D Expired - Lifetime US144112A (en) | Improvement in the construction of tunnels and sewers |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US144112A (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3776253A (en) * | 1970-09-29 | 1973-12-04 | Nippon Kokan Kk | Means for preventing deformation of steel tubes |
US20220316337A1 (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2022-10-06 | Cccc Second Highway Consultants Co., Ltd. | Ultra-Long Tunnel Sewage Disposal, Separation and Drainage Structure Suitable for Cold Regions |
-
0
- US US144112D patent/US144112A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3776253A (en) * | 1970-09-29 | 1973-12-04 | Nippon Kokan Kk | Means for preventing deformation of steel tubes |
US20220316337A1 (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2022-10-06 | Cccc Second Highway Consultants Co., Ltd. | Ultra-Long Tunnel Sewage Disposal, Separation and Drainage Structure Suitable for Cold Regions |
US11753937B2 (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2023-09-12 | Cccc Second Highway Consultants Co., Ltd. | Ultra-long tunnel sewage disposal, separation and drainage structure suitable for cold regions |
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