US1439092A

US1439092A - Drill bit

Info

Publication number: US1439092A
Application number: US506817A
Authority: US
Inventors: Jr Carleton B Gibson
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1921-10-10
Filing date: 1921-10-10
Publication date: 1922-12-19
Anticipated expiration: 1939-12-19

Description

3 SHEETS-VSHEET I.

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Dec. 19', 1922.

C. B. GIBSON, In

DRILL BIT.

FILED ocT.10.1921.

M. langzaam WM l. III,

C. B. GIBSON, JR.

DRILL BIT Dec. 19, 192? 3 SHEETSY'SHLEI l.

FILED OCT. 10, 1921.

C. 5. @7050/7 Jr.

Dee. 19, C. B. GJBSON, Jn.

DRILL EJ'.

FILED OCT. NH921- 3 SHEETSYSHEET 3.

Glimmen;

Patented Dee. i9, i922.A

CARLETON B. GIBSON, JR.;

OF SAVANNAH, GEORG.

DRILL :BTIv

Application led October 10, 1921. Serial No. oli.

T all whom t may conc-ern;

Be it known that l, CARLETON B. GIBSON, Jr., a citizenof the United States, and resident of Savannah, in the county of Chatham and State of Georgiaphave invented certain new and useful Improvements in Drill Bits, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention relates to improvements in drill bits of the rotary type such as are used in boring or sinking holes or wells in search of underground water, oil, gas or other substances.

This invention aims to provide a drilling tool of extremely simple, economical and -eff fective design which, while retaining all the good features which have caused the lishtail bit to be generally adopted, Will obviate the great expense and loss of time necessary for renewing the cutting blades of the drill bit by providing a drill bit which may readily be inserted into and removed from the hole and the cutting blades of which may be quickly and easily removed and renewed without withdrawing the drill stem or well casing, which acts as the drill rotating shaft, from the hole.

A further object is 'to provide an improved drill bit of the type above described which is of the simplest and most durable construction and which niay be economically i manufactured.

A still further object of the invention is to eliminate the use of a special drill pipe or stem and save the cost of obtaining and `handling such drill pipe by providing a tool which may be operated bythe well casing which is to remain permanently in the hole drilled.

A .still further object of the invention is to eliminate the necessity of procuring, carrying on hand, and installing several different sizes of well casing in any one Well, as is now done, by providing a tool which may be operated by the permanent well cas ing, which will permit of this casing following the drill bit down into the hole as it is made, and which will permit of removing I nd renewing the cutting blades without disturbing the well casing or materially lowering the `mud used to keep gas or water from the surrounding earth from entering the hole." This is of the greatest importance in sinking wells in country where strong gas' A still further object ofthe invention is.

t0 obviate the necessity of tool joints such as are now used to connect the drill bit to the drill stem.

' A still further object of the invention is to provide a collapsible drill bit which may be lowered through the hollow driving shaft to the predetermined Working positionand to provide means for there expanding the cutting blades to the proper cutting position and locking them in such a manner that S5 they can only be contracted or closed by voluntarily withdrawing the blade holder in the predetermined manner.

A still further object of the invention is to remove the possibility of dropping tools or pipe into the hole by providing a tool the use of which minimizes the use of small tools about the mouth of the hole and the handling of short lengths of pipe into and out of the yhole.

.A still further object of this invention. is to minimize'the causes of accidents and increase the safety of operatives by reducing the number of heavy hoists and consequent strain on the'derrick andfpbviating the ne- Se cessity of having an operatjive Working high up in the derrick whenever a bit is changed.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a tool which, when the blades and blade carrying device have been withdrawn, al?? will leave a smooth unobstructed passage i throughout thewell casing from bottom to top of hole.

A still further object of this-invention is i to provide means for condmitingv water from the top of hole to cutting blades for the removal of. cuttings. l

A still further object is to provide a drill bit which will automatically clean itself of mud which might clog the mechanism.

With these and other objects in view, the invention includes the `novel features or construction and arrangement and combination of parts hereinafter described and par ticularly defined by the appended claims. loo

An embodiment of my invention is illusa trated in the accompanying drawings in whichj i Fig. l is a longitudinal elevation, partly in section, of the complete tool, showing polo@ sition of plunger, blades, and locking'bolt when blades are expanded in the working position.

Fig. 2 Vis a similar elevation, partly in section, showing the plunger raised ysuiliciently me to close the blades, the locking bolt withdrawn, and the blades in the closed position ready for withdrawal.

Fig. 3` is a similar elevation, partly in section, at right anA les to Fig. l, showing the plunger down ad blades expanded and locked in the working position.

Figs. 4 and 5 are longitudinal vertical sections of the barrel, taken at right angles to eachfother, showing the casing connection la. helical guiding ramp 1b, blade stops l, and blade rotating slot lf.

Fig. 6 is a view of the top of the barrel looking down on it from a point above and on the axis thereof.`

Fig. 7 is a section through the barrel near its lower end taken on line 7--7.

Figs. 8 and 9 are elevations, partly in section, of the plunger,V at right angles to each other, showing the lifting and lowering rod 2e, the bladelocking bolt 4, the plunger guides`2f, and the blade actuating slots or grooves, 2a'. l

Fig. 10 is a section through the upper portion of plunger at guides along a plane perpendicular to its axis, and showing the plunger guides 2f and the water courses 2X.

Fig.. l1 is a section through-*the lower forked portion of the plunger and perpendicular to its axis, showing the blade actuating grooves 2a and the water `courses 2".

Figs. 12, 12a and l2b are detailgviews of the cutting blade showing also the blade actuating keyor land 3, the blade stop 3b, the locking bolt notch 3, and the barrel stop notch, 3f.

Referring to the drawings, wherein similar reference characters designate `corresponding parts throughout, 'the numeral 1 designates the barrel which is preferably provided with a threaded portion la for attaching it to the lower end of the hollow rotating'shat formed by the drillstem or well casing, a pair of curved inclined planes or helical ramps 1b for guiding the plunger and blades' into their proper positions, key ways lc for receiving the blade guides -3" and the plunger guides 2f, stops 1d, forl arresting the further descent of the blades 3, and slots lt for holding the expanded blades in position for rotating.

Numeral 2 designates the plunger which is `preferably formed froma single cylindrical piece of steel and is provided with proper recesses for the raising and lowering bar 2e and the blade locking bolt 4.-, plunger guides 2f, water courses 2", and a lower slotted or forked portion in the inside faces of which are cut the curvedblade actuating grooves 2x11 of the proper curvature forexpanding the blades through a predetermined angle when the plunger is moved through a certain predetermined distance along its axis.

`Numeral 3 designates either one of the two reversible interchangeable blades which are preferably. formed by drop forging from one piece of steel andr are provided with a curved key 3 of the same curvature as the corresponding groove 2a of the plunger, a blade guide 3b. and stop 3g, a locking bolt notch 3C, a barrel slot stop 3f., and a-cutting edge 3X. The numeral designates the blade locking bolt which is preferably formed of one piece with the-hoisting bar 2e and which, with the key ways 2a and the stop le, serves to lock the blades in their expanded position and to carry the weight of the plunger and blades when lowered into or hoisted out of the hole. The hoisting bar 2e is provided with enlarged cone shaped portions 2d and 2*" whichy respectively engage the hoisting tongs, not shown, while the plunger and blades are being lowered into or Withdrawn from the hole. l

The operation of the tool is as follows?v The barrel, having been properly connected to the lower endof the drill stem or wellv casing, whichever may be used for the rotating shaft, is lowered into the hole until its lower end rests at a distance of about El inches from the bottom of the hole. The plunger is then suspended in a vertical position adjacent the mouth of the hole and the two blades are inserted, one from either side, the curved' blade keys entering the corresponding actuating key ways at 2*. The blades readily drop into the closed position,

the keys 3a following the key ways 2a until the lower end of each key brings up against the lower end of the corresponding key way at.2c, when the plunger and blades are in the relative positions shown in Fig. 2. The plunger, carrying'the blades in this position, is then entered and lowered into the hole, desee ding without interference until vthe blade tops 3g or the lower extremities ioo further rdownward movement of theblades against the locking bolt notches 3c of the expanded blades. This descending movement ,of the hoisting bar with respect to the plunger causes the jaws of the hoisting tongs, not shown, to be opened by coming in Contact with the conical surface 2i, when the tongs may be WithdraWm-the regular swivel'joint connected, the pumps and rotary started up and drilling continued. It will be noted that when the tool is in the working position the blades can not be moved by either upward or lateral pressure.

In order to remove the plunger and blades for, renewing the blades when their cutting edges are dulled or for any other reason, the hole is opened by removing the swivel joint and the hoistingv tongs lowered by a small cable and attached to the upper cone 2h. Pulling up on this line will then'rst withdraw the locking bolt4 which will in turn raise the plunger causing it to move upward in relation to the fixed barrel, the upward movement of the curved plunger grooves acting on the curved blade keys, contracting the blades until they are again lin the position shown in Fig. 2 when the plunger and blades may bev readily withdrawn from the hole. By lowering the-plunger vertically to the round adjacent the mouth of the hole, the lades will be forced upward until their 'upper extremities project from the sides of the plunger at 2b when they may be readily withdrawn by hand and replaced with two new blades.

Having described invention, what I claim ia:

l. In a boring ordrilling device, a barrel, a plunger cooperating therewith having inclined blade guides, blades having ribs or keys slidingly engaging said guides and means carried by the barrel for arresting the descent of the blades.

2. In a device of the character, described, a barrel, a plunger coopeating therewith, having inclined blade guides open at their upper ends and closed at their .lower ends, blades removably seated in said guides, and means carried by the barrel for arresting the descent or" the blades'.

3. In a device of the character described, a barrel, a plunger for cooperating therewith and havin a forked portion, the inner faces ot said orks having inclinedv blade guides, blades having ribs engaging said blade guides, and means carried by the barrel for arresting the descent of the blades.

4. In a.' device of the character descriliied, a'barrel, a plunger for cooperating therewith having a forked lower portion, provided with blade guides, a pairot' juxtaposed blades between the arms of said.

forked portionhand having ribs engaging' said guides, and means carried by the barrel for arresting the descent of the blades.

5. In a device ot the character described, a barrel or casing shoe, having blade engaging recesses, a plunger, telescoping blades carried by said plunger. means for positioning the plunger in said barrel to insure alignment ot' the blades with said recesses, and means for projecting the blades into engagement with said recesses.

6. In a. device of the character described, a barrel or casing shoe. a plunger, having a cylindrical upper portion provided. with a water passage, and a divided lower portion, blades slidably carried by said lower portion, and means whereby movement ot' the plunger in said casing spreads and retracts said blades.

' 7. In a device ot' the character described, a barrel or casing shoe, having longitudinal fi ll grooves closed at their lower ends and ini ,'clined guides cooperating with the upper ends, a plunger, and elongated blades slidably carried by said plunger and having projecting portions to cooperate with said grooves. y.

8. In a device ot' the character described, a barrel or casing shoe, having longitudinal grooves closed at their lower ends-and in` clined guides cooperating with the upper "ends, a plunger having projections cooperat- "ing with said guides and grooves, and blades slidably carried by said plunger and having inclined guide connections with said plunger, and having projections cooperating with seid casing grooves.

9. A drilling or boring device, embodying a carrying member provided with guides, and blades having portions adapted to be slid into said guides from the upper zend' and held therein byv gravity alone.

In testimony whereof. I atlix my signature.

cantaron e. Giesen, JR..

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