US1423088A - Internal-combustion oil engine - Google Patents

Description

K. l. cossLEYfANn w. LE P. WEBB.

lNTERNAL coMBusTlqN 'OIL ENGINE.

@AFPLIGAUN FILED ]*ULYZL i920. V Patented July S, E922.

fus-bom "y iaeaose.

UNITED STATES KENNETH mwrNjcnossLEY AND WILFRED LE :PLAsTmEn WEBB,

F MANCHESTER.

ENGLAND.

INTERNAICOMBUSTION OIL Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented July 18.1922.

' Application led July 27, 1920. Serial No. 399,396.

(GRANTED mman Trm'raovrsIoNs or THE AcT or Menon s, 1921, 41 STAT. L., 131s.)

To all whom it may concern: Y v

Be it known that we, KENNETH IRWIN CRossLnr and WILFRED LE PLAsTRmR WEBB, bothisubjects of the King of Great Britain and Ireland, and both residing at Openshaw,

Manchester, in the county of Lancaster,

tion engines cycle and in England, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in` Internal-Combustion Oil Engines (for w-hich we have obtained a patent in Great Britain, No. 104,089, dated `May 5th, 1916), of which the following .is a specification.

ur inventionrelates to internal combus- `of the kind -which uses oil` aS fuel and which works on the four stroke i which towards the end of compression fstroke the oil fuel is injected as the aid of separate compressed injection air) into the compressed and heated air inthe combustion chamber. Y

, The object of our invention is to so imthe injected o il spray may prove the construction'and arrangement of the c ombustion chamber-as to increase the eiiiciency of the engine and at the same time tolprovide in the combustion chamber adisj position of the air admission valve and exparticularly suitable for anen haust valve gine of the inverted vertical type. Our invention consists in constructingthe combustion chamber in suchmanner that the air admission valve and exhaust directly into it, and of such convenient shape thata long, clear, divergin from .the point of spray admission in which diffuse and vaporize and mix with the hot compressed air therein, and that in addition the area ofwall surface is comparatively small in proportion to the contained volume. A chamber which is substantially oviform (or somewhat fiat-v tened oviform when .the piston is'atthe end of its compression stroke) is the best for our purpose, and such shapes areV not diiiicult to obtain with, for instance,.low compression pressures or with small valves, but if the compression pressure is fairly high, or'the valves large, it is somewhat more convenient, in order to make suitablel room for the air admission and exhaust valves, if the shape approximates `more to that of an ellipsoid (or, flattened ellipsoid when the piston is at las an alternative. valve open path is provided the end of the compression stroke). The oil is sprayed into the chamber from one or both ends and in the case of the oviform `chamber preferably from the smaller end. The chamber is arranged with its ends at the sides of the cylinder, the longitudinal axis of the chamber bein placed at about right angles to the axis ofgtheengine cylinder, the axes of the chamber and of the cylinder being in o r near one plane. The upper and larger portion of the chamber is formed by the cylinder end and is water-jacketed-wherever possible. The lower portion is formed by the top end of the piston or a portion thereof. .The piston may be waterjacketed or not as preferred. The air admission valve and the exhaust valve are of the mushroom type and are arranged inthe upper and waterjacketed part of the chamber -and open directly into the chamber, and are placed with their spindles either inclined `to each other or parallel with each other. The valve spindles lie in or about a plane either common to or perpendicular to the plane in, which lie both the longitudinal axis of the chamber and the axis ofthe cylinder.

If the heat due to the Compression of the air in the cylinder and combustion chamber is suiiicient to effect ignition no separate igniter is necessary unless specially desired In the latter case or ifl the heat due to the compression is not suilicient to effect ignition, an igniter may be fitted at any convenient position in the combustion chamber.

With `a combustion chamber of substantially oviform or ellipsoidal shape andl arranged as described the oil spray on entering the combustion chamber has a long free path of vincreasing area in which it may diffuseand vaporize and mix with the compressed and heated air therein. The shape of the vchamber presentsa comparatively small area .of containing wall surface in proportion-to its cubic capacity and therefore ensures no excessive loss of heat through the walls due to the Water jacket. The effective waterjacketing of this combustion chamber en- 100 sures the engineH working with al lower mean,

temperature in the cylinder, prevents overheating troubles, enables water injection to be dispensed with, ensures a greater weight i' of contained air, allows the combustion of` a greater amount of oil spray and enables vthe power of the engine to be increased. It also enables higher air compression pressure t0 be used, and ensures a greater degree of economy in fuel consumption in proportion to the power developed.

The combustion chamber may be fully open to the cylinder at all times or .it may be connected to the cylinder by means of a passage of more or less restricted area, such restriction being effected either Bby the size of an open passage or by a partial closing of a passage by means of a projection on the end of the piston entering it towards the end of the compression strokes. In the latter' case the eros sectional area of the passage (when not allowing for the reduction caused by theiprojection on the piston) may be equal to that of the combustion chamber but is less than the cross sectional area of the cylinder. The passage between the combustion chamber and the cylinder isllocated at any convenient position onV the side of the combustionchamber.

We have described in our British specification No. 297 6 of 1915 a combustion chamber of similar type with the air admission valve and the exhaust valve arranged in a manner which is particularly suitable for an engine with a horizontal cylinder, but in Y our present invention the air admission valve and the exhaust valve are arranged in a manner which is particularly suitable to anengine in which the cylinder is of the vertical inverted type.

We have illustrated our invention by a series of more or le diagrammatic figures in which similar parts are denoted by similar letters. The waterjacketed combustion chamber is shown at A, the piston at B, the

cylinder at C, and oil injector at D, the air admission and exhaust valves at E, E, the water jacket at F F. rlhe part marked G may be used as an inspection door or as an igniter or as a starting valve, or either the air admission valve or the exhaust valve.

may be placed at about. this position if desired as shown for example in Figure 10. The water jacket is only shown in detail in Figures 1 and 2 but it is to be understood.

: it would be used'in all cases.

Figures 1, 2 and 3 represent respectively sectional elevations and a plan of a combustion chamber and other parts constructed and arranged according to our invention. In this case the chamber is oviformfin shape and freely open to the cylinder at all times. The longitudinal axis of the combustion chamber is shown at right angles with the axis ofV the cylinder. The oil injector is shown at the smaller end of the chamber at the side of the cylinder.- The air admission valve and the exhaust valve are shown with: their spindles diagonal with each other and lying in `the same plane as that in which lie the longitudinal axis of the chamber and the l ranged inclined to each other as represented by the dotted lines in Figure 4, or they may be parallel as shown in Figure 7, or they may be arranged as representedin Figure 5 inclined to each other in a plane perpendicular to the common plane in which lie the axes of the combustion chamber and cylinder.

Figures 7 8 and 9 represent a combustion chamber of a flattened ellipsoidal shape with the air admission valve and exhaustV valve spindles arranged parallel to each other. With an ellipsoidal shape of chamber and particularly if flattened somewhat there is more room for the valve E shown on the left hand side in Figures 7 and 9 than there is for the corresponding valve in the oviform shape of the chamber as will be clearly seen by referring to Figures 9, 6 and 3 respectively.

It will readily be understood that if the combustion chamber is of somewhat flattened oviform or flattened ellipsoidal shape when the piston is at the end of the compression stroke, the chamber will more nearly approximate to a substantially oviform or ellipsoidal shape somewhat before the end of the compression stroke at about the period when the oil is being sprayed in, and somewhat after the end of the compression stroke at about the period of maximum combustion temperatures. In Figure 7 to illustrate this we have shown the oil injector on a centre line somewhat below the longitudinal centre line of the attened oviform chamber and somewhat nearer to what would be the centre line of vthe chamber when the piston has moved down and the chamber has more nearly approached the ellipsoidal shape.

Figures 10 and 11 represent a combustion chamber which is connected to the cylinder by a passage of restricted area. The passage may be restricted either simply by an open passage such asH, in which case the end of the piston is made as shown by the full lines, or the passage may be restricted by the partial closing of the passage H by means of a projection on the piston such as J (shown in Figures 10a and 11a) entering it towards the end of the compression strokes.

Having now described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In four stroke cycle internal combustion oil engines, the combination comprising a cylinder, an ellipsoidal combustion chamber having its longitudinal axis at right angles to the axis of the said cylinder,

an oil injector at an Vend of thexisaidfchamber, Vadmission and exhaust valves .at the upper side of the chamber and'a water jacket on the exterior of the cylinder and chamber, assetforth.

2. four stroke cycle .internal combustion'oil engines, thecombination compris' .acylinden an ellipsidal.combustion chami ber having its longitudinal axis at 'right `angles to the axis of the said' cylinder, an

oil injector at an end ofthe said chamber, admission and exhaust valves at'theupper .side of the chamber inclinedto each other in a plane' perpendicular to the lane in'l .which lie both thelongitudnal aXls of the chamber and the axis of the cylinder, and a water jacket'on the exteribr ofi; the cylinder be engines the combination comprising aac lin- -der, ,an ellipsoidal combustion 'chamberll 3. Inv'four stroke internal combustion o il aving its longitudinalaxis atfri h t angles to the axis ofthe said cylinder,"a`v isbon ill-said side of the chamber anda water jacket 'on the exterior of the cylinder and chamber, as set forth.

tion oil engines, the combination comprising a cylinder, an ellipsoidal combustion cham` ber having its longitudinal 'axis at right angles to the axis o f the said cylinder, a passage between the said cylinder and said chamber, a piston inthe cylinder havinga I projectionl which enters'nthe said assage Whenthe piston nears the end o its in stroke, an oil injector at aufend of said cham# Y f .se 4. In four stroke cycle internal combus@ l .40 r, admission 'and exhaust valvesnat the "upper side of the chamber and a water jacket onthev exterior of the cylinder and chamber,

Yassetforth. 'V In testimony -whereowe have signed/our 'names to this eciication.' -KENNETH` WIN CROSSLEY.

.- WILFRED LE rialss'ljxirm4 WEBB; 5

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