US1418158A - Gas generator - Google Patents

Description

s, MGORE. GAS GENERATOR.

APPLICATION FILED DEC-7, 192i Patented Ma 2 SHEETSSHEET 1.

8. MOORE.

Patented May 30, 1922.

2 SHEETSSHEET 2.

SAMUEL MOORE, 0F SCUNTHOBPE, ENGLAND.

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Specification of'Letters Patent. 'Patcgmted lllay 303, 1922,

Application filed December 7, 1921. Serial No. 520,670.

This invention relates to gas generators of the kind inwhich water gas and coal gas are produced in one and the same apparatus,

which apparatus comprises a generator or producer having a vertical retort, made of a smaller cross-sectional area, in its upper part surrounded by a chequered chamber, primary and secondary air blasts being employed, the latter being utilized to burn the ases from the blow in the chequered chain-- er surrounding the retort, the whole being enclosed in a surrounding shell, and fuel being supplied from the top through a coal valve.

Said invention consists essentially in the provision, in combination, in gas generators of the above-expressed kind, of a fuel feeding valve-controlled hopper and a coke or ash discharging mechanism at the top and bottom respectively of the apparatus, heating chambers for the passage therethrough of the secondary air blasts, and a' series of chequered regenerators wherein combustion takes place, as hereinafter described and shown in the accompanying drawings.

In carrying out the invention, there is no internal water contact with the gas, so there is consequently no loss of ammonia, while the very hot lean gasrises into immediate and intimate contact with the comparatively cool rich gas in the retort and absorbs valuable gaseous enrichments which would otherwise be deposited as liquids. Again, the gas is given a long travel through the retort and is subsequently very gradually cooled,'thus ensuring high thermal results with the consequent advantage that a very large volume of gas is obtainable per ton of coal carbonized and an economy in coal is thereby effected.

And in order that the said invention may be fully understood, it will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings and figures and letters of reference marked thereon, that is to say:

Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a combined vertical coal gas retort and water gas generator constructed in accordance with this invention.

Figure 2 is a sectional plan view on line 2, 2, Figure l; and

Figure 3 is asectional elevation. ofthe apparatus at right angles to Figure l.-

In a practical embodimentof this invention, the water-gas section B is arranged underneath the retort A, and both are en-- closed ina single metal shell a. A; feeding hopper C at the top of the device ensures a continuous supply of fuel. Atthe bottom of the generator B a discharging mechanism D is arranged which extracts the coke or ash, and can be worked for any desired quality of coke; or, if complete gasification ofthe fuel is desired, the ash can be discharged at will and all clinker entirely prevented.

The plant can be run day and night for weeks without stopping. It can be started up from cold in a few hours, or itcan be shut down at night, or during week-ends, or started to full work again within half an hour.

No outside producer is required, as a primary and a secondary air blast E and F respectively are employed to maintain the carbomzing temperature. The secondary air is assed through a heating chamber P where it meets the blow gases, combustion takes lace in a series of chequered regenerators H H and the blowing period is reduced to a minimum. Liquid hydrocarbons can be injected at K, Figure 1, if extra enrichment is required.

An overhead bunker L is provided which, being supplied with suitable coal, allows the fuel to drop by. gravity to the rim of the feeding hopper C above mentioned. A. 00211 valve C fitted .to the top of said hopper C is opened or shut by means of a light chain (not shown) which reaches down to the operating stage. ed at stated intervals (according to the through-put required), and the hopper recharged with coal. The discharging gear D is operated by a lever D on the operating stage. Longer or shorter intervals occur between each discharge according to the deree of carbonization preferred. The blow lasts about one minute and the run about 6 minutes'and the cycle may be continued during charging or discharging operations without need for shutting down.

Steam is admitted at four points marked respectively E E, E E ,--see particularly Figure 3. The steam entering at the top of This valve C is opena ducts E.

superheating chamber J and thence to the top of the retort A. Travelling down the retort it sweeps the coal gas down into the water gas zone, where the mixed gases are blended and fixed before exit.. The steam admitttd at E at the base of the snift pipe travels through the regenerators H H H and enters the bottom of the retort through the-combustion gas nostrils P. This steam ejects any explosive gases remainlng in the regenerator flues after'each run.

v The steam admissions E and E serve to the down runs, while those at E and E* are for the up runs. At E steam is admitted occasionally mainly for the purpose of quenching the coke before reaching the receiver D. Through steam admission E* steam passes into the primary air inlet pipe E, whence it passes through the blast circulator Q and into the generator by the blast Coming in contact with the incandescent coke in the generator, it combines to pro- .duce water gas.

When up steaming is on the primary air valve is 011*. Q

When the water gas is produced as aforesaid, it travels upward into immediate contact with the coal gas produced in the retort, and thence to the top gas outlet B through the steam superheating chamber J. On the down run, the steam entering at the top as aforesaid, travels through the coal gas and water gas zones and enters the blast ducts E, and thence by way of the blast circulator Q passes through the bottom gas outlet S. The travel of the gas is through the same ducts as the upward steam and primary air but in the opposite direction and at difgenerator H and produce combustion.

ferent intervals. The outcoming gas heats the blast circulating chamber'and the incom ing air and, in sequence, steam.

The primary air' (blast) enters the lower portion of the generator at the blast ducts E and passes out at the nostrils P at the base the incoming of the retort-see Figure 3. The secondary air enters at F and is conducted to the secondary air-circulating chamber G and thence through ports to the bottom of the regenerator H The primary and secondary air blasts meet at the bottom of the The resulting flame is kept in contact with the outside of the gas retort and produces sufficient heat to carbonize the coal in the retort. The products of combustion arecarried up the regenerator H down H up H and out by the snift valve I.

Heat is so well retained by the regenerators aforesaid that only about one minute is required for the blow.

For town use, thegas has two exits, one

and the other at the bottom thereof (down run, the operation is reversed. In eithercase, the outgoing gas passes to the outlet of the washbox and on to the gas holder. I claim 1. In gas generating apparatus of the class described, a. retort, a series of regenerating chambers surrounding said retort and annularly arranged with respect to each other, a decomposing chamber beneath said retort, and means for introducing air and steam into said last mentioned chamber.

2. In gas generating apparatus of the class described, a retort, a series of annularly arranged regenerating chambers surrounding said retort and communicating with each other at alternate ends to thereby provide a tortuous passage therethrough for the products of combustion, a decomposing chamber beneath said retort, and air and steam lnlets above and below said decomposing chamber.

3. In gas generating apparatus of the class descrlbed, a retort, a regenerating chamber surrounding said retort and comprising conee'ntrically arranged chambers communicating at opposite ends, forming a tortuous passage for the products of combustion, a decomposlng chamber beneath, said retort, an air inlet at the top of said regenerating chamber communicating through the regen crating chamber with the decomposing chamber at the base of the retort, and a steam lnlet at the top of said regenerating chamber communicating with said retort.

4. In gas generating apparatus of the class described, a retort, a regenerating chamber top of said regenerating chambers, a de-.

composing chamber beneath said retort, and air and steam inlets above and below the decomposing chamber.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature this 15th day of November 1921.

SAML. Moons.

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