US1413169A - Insulating construction - Google Patents

Description

C. B. LAWTON.

INSULATNG CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATxoN FILED :uw 25,1919.

Patgnted Apr. 18, i322.

UNITED STATES PATENT worrlcls.1

.CHARLES B. LAw'roN, or HUNTINGTON, WEST VIRGINIA." v

INSULATING CONSTRUCTION.

To all wltom 'it may concern;

Be it'known that I, CHARLES B. LAw'roN,

a citizen'of theV United States, and a resident of Huntington, in the county of Cabell and State of VVes't Virginia, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Insulating Co'nstructions,'of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to insulating walls or the like, and more especially refrigerating constructions. Its object is to provide a wall having a large proportion of interior space with a considerable vacuum therein,

and with its joints so formed that it will be impervious to the'passage of air.

A further object is to construct such awall of bricks or units of uniform size Vand shape, respective sides ofwhich will constitute the face of the wall. 'Further objects willv appear in the course of the ensuing description. My invention consists in the improved construct-ion and in the details and arrangement of parts thereof and in thebrick or unit as a new and improved article of manufacture, which will hereinafter be more fully described and claimed.

In the drawing:

Fig. l is a perspective view of one of the bricks or units embodying my invention, showing the sealed and collapsed end'and one of the paneled sides:

Fig. 2 is a similar view of the brick or unit reversed and inverted to show the opposite end and opposite sides:

Fig. 3 is a yview corresponding to Fig. 1 but showing a modification;

Fig. 4 is a vertical longitudinal section of part of a wall constructed according to my invention with the use of bricks as shown in Figs. 1 and'2; y

Fig. 5 isa vertical cross-section of the same ony 'a plane corresponding to the line 5-5 of Fig. 4;'

Fig. 6 is a perspective view of one of the bricks or units tif-Figs. land 2 after it is blown butwith its neck extended and unsealed; 1

Fig-7 is a similar view of the same with the neck `extended and Vsealed Fig. 8 is a partial verticallongitudinal section similar to Fig. 4 but showing other modifications of bricks or units and showing how their ends are assembled; and l Fig. 9 is asimilar view similarly illustratingy another modification of the bricks or units.

1919. Serial No. 313,401. y Y' specincation ofrettersratent. Patented Apr, 18, 1922 Application lea July 25, Y

According tO ,Iny invention the bricks or construction umts are composed of glass or`l other suitable material having a high-de v Y gree of ductility when heated to a practical degree. l f

The use of such material permits the bricks or units tobe blown into hollow shape 1 in the same way as bottles are made. This permits these bricks or units tobe made with their hollow interiors completely secluded from the atmosphere; so, that it is thus posi- .f l' f sible to have a high degree of vacuumthere.

l by suitably Providinefor 'a diminishai` 70 quantity of air, in the course ofv the' process kof seallng the brick or unit.

It is preferable to .provide the neck` on y one of the ends of thebrick; and .in the-,pre-

ferred construction herein, the-end .that has 'Y 37.5 lso that therewill bev no extension ofv the theneck is collapsed inwardly of the brick vneck beyond the normalend of the brick. l

The collapsing isy accomplishedmore readl if. ily 1f the brick is of symmetricalcross-sec It is notnecessary however, to have such al tion.

brick or unit circular in cross-section;-Y andz vit will beseen that the most, practical sym- A metrical shape is. that of an equal-sided rec` f tangle as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. vFor pur-AVA poses which will appear in the later descripv tion vof the construction of a wallor the like A u with the use of these bricks, it is desirable Y. thatthe upper and lower sides of the bricks.

which receive the mortar, cement or the like between the bricks, should be depressed but with a continuous rim therearound. The

Aface sides of the bricks are preferably plain.-

It is likewise desirable that both ends of.

the bricks should be depressed; these have purposes additional to `that of depressing one of the ends for retractingthe sealed neck.

Answering to these requirements, the brick constructed as shown in Figs. 1l and 2 has a plain front face 1 and a. plain rear face -2, the paneled top 3 and the paneledbottom 4, the depressed end 5, comprising the sealed neck 6 retracted therewith inside the normal facev of the end of the brick and theopposite" 4"thereof-.to conine'fthe neck-'6 inside'the'fnorfvbricks,^practically no lexposure of adhesive tion.; Theyiv may be twider than-high as shown infFig.'A 3; Here/1 the construction of the bri'ckf-is 'substantially the same as just dey, scribed-with'the-faces such as the-face 1 and VVEthejpanele'd''top'and'bottom as,` the top 3 withflits'lfrontland rear ribs 8 and9. Inl any of' these'iexamples," thef: tops land Abottoms `or the-Sends of ftheibri'ckrare also collapsed, not onlyin-order ito provide for vthe depression mal/'end'v surfaces-'but for the reasons herein# after toibegivenlf \Thus,f as 'here shown, these'I endsv have only the 1 upright normal -surfaces or1ribs'ff12andthe upper and lower end ribs 1Of'atthe--endsiof 'the brick are curved 'in-11 wardfalongfwith the-respective ends;

'Ihewallv` 13 fis" constructedv of such bricks as thes'every -much in the ordi-nary manner so far as concerns* the 'Y relative arrangement Vof the bric"ks,\that4 is the joints of the successive I1courses'are l.b'rok'en as shown in -F ig. 4'.-

However,` by this arrangement 1n conjunctionwiththe depressed or paneled formation l oflth'e topsand bottoms and ends ofthe or bindingy substances Ais-necessary on'the face ofi-'the -wall `in the-'joints between the bricks,v v

Thisis accomplished without vleaving any vcrevic'econtinuous through the wall; so that course; Also, where the'ends `of the bricks are open-"at the tops and bottoms the adhesive15 between the-ends is continuous with the adhesives 14 in the horizontal joints.

This adhesive being continuous entirely around every one of the bricks or units of the wall and being closely adherent to the bricks, it is thus permissible for the ribs 8,

9 and 12 of the adjacent bricks to come against each other, thus forming very closely fitted and well appearing joints.

It is especially desirable on the face of the wall in conjunction with the use of glass or similar bricks having very smooth and Ywell appearing faces.

The close contactof all bricks in these parts is clearly seen in Fig. 5. As before said, these bricks are preferably blown into shape; and 'in the first stages of their manufacture the operation will not materially differ from those in the first stages of manufacturing of bottles.

In fact as seen in Fig.' 6, the brick'at the completion of these stages whenstanding on its closed end very much resembles a square paneled, bottle with a short neck.

However, the next stage in makingthesef bricks is to-sealfthese necks r`by melting'or" weldingr the material thereof--sojfthat' the article then appears as showninfFigL7. The *j desiredv degree of `vacuum maybe provided-'- .either by exhausting most'of theairfrom the interior of the brick-while1itsneck y6 is i still fopen asin Fig. 'and thensealingfthe'fl brickv while this exhaustion offthefair-y is maintained. Or the brick may l`have its neck 'sealed as'inl- Fig. 7 while the entiifebrick-'is a still comparatively hoty and thus-has .aljcom`= final cooling ofthe brick, leavesfa-consider-v able vacuum therein.

wall any considerable excess ofpatmospheric Inthis latter connection it maybe said-v that collapsing of the fiat wallsof'thebricks will not occur, because the contained lrareied air Will cool lsufliciently.to'irnpose'onthisf paratively small quantity of highly*frarefied` i v`air in it, which air, contracting-@'auponlthe@ ser pressure only after the walls themselveshave cooled suiiiciently to become amply self-sus# taining against such excess. The neck-6.0i'

. the brick may be left extending asin f-F'ig. '7v

if the opposite end 7 is depressed lsuicientlyl- Vso that each brick receives'in this "depressed oppositeend yI the extending neck 6 of :the

adjacent brick as shown in Fig.. 8.

As shown in Fig. 9 if- 44the end I5 having.; the neck 6 is depressed, the opposite end may be left undepressed, as the end 7".

Either of' these examples also Y pern'iits elimination of appearance of the adhesiveon the face of the wall, withoutsacrificingl any of the imperviousness ofthe construction.

While vcertain constructionaldetails are ydeemed preferable in connection with my inL vention, and we have' shown and described? these rather .specifically in elucidating the construction and use of my invention, as is` required, I do not wish `tobe-understood vas being limited to such precise showing'and" description, but having thus fullyA described" my invention, what I claim as new anddesire to secure by Letters Patent is: v

1. An insulating construction comprisingk an assemblage of hollow glass bricks each of rectangular cross-sectionv with all adjacent surfaces depressed but with the longitudinal edges of their faces in contact, a layer of cement between and filling lthe/depressed sur# faces of the adjacent bricks and confined` thereto away from said edges, eachglass brick having a material degree of vacuum in teriorly thereof and said bricks, when so laid as to break joint,`each lbrickv havingfa lcontinuous lager of cement around its sides'v and ends an between the adjacent bricks and said cement being confined therein and concealed from view on either side, each`V brick having a neck extendingoutwardly in an inwardly collapsed end whereby there-is no extension of the neck beyond the normal l end of the brick and said neck being completely embedded in the cement, substantially as set forth and for the purposes specified.

2. An insulating construction comprising an assemblage of hollow glass bricks each of rectangular cross-section with all adjacent surfaces depressed but with the. longitudinal edges of their faces in contact, a layer of cement between and filling the depressed surfaces of the adjacent bricks and confined thereto away from said edges, each glass brick having a material degree of vacuum interiorly thereof and said bricks, when so laid as to break joint, each brick having a continuous layer of cement around its Sides and ends and between the adjacent bricks and said cement being confined therein and concealed from view on the respective contacting sides and ends` substantially as set forth and for the purposes specified.

3. An insulating construction comprising an assemblage of hollow glass bricks each of rectangular crosssection with all adjacent surfaces depressed but with the longitudinal Yedges of their fares in contact, cach end of each brick being curved inwardly and having a recess and one of said ends having an outwardly extending neck, a layer between and filling the depressed-surfaces of the adjacent bricks and confined thereto away from said edge and embedding said neck. each glass brick having a material degree of vacuum interiorly thereof and said bricks, when so laid as to break joint, each brick having a continuous layer of cement around its sides and ends and between the adjacent bricks and said cement being confined therein and concealed from view on either side, substantially as and for the purposes set forth.

CHARLES B. LAWTO'N.

Witnesses:

JAMES N. RAMSEY, CLARENCE PERDEW.

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