US1404346A

US1404346A - Thrust-balancing means for pumps, turbines, or the like

Info

Publication number: US1404346A
Authority: US
Inventors: Eugene F Delery
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1919-12-05
Filing date: 1919-12-05
Publication date: 1922-01-24
Anticipated expiration: 1939-01-24

Description

E. F. DELERY. THRUST BALANCING MEANS FOR PUMPS, TURBINES, OR THE LIKE. APPLICATION FI LED DEC. 5. 1919.

1 404 346 Patented Jan. 24, 1922.

3 SHEETSSHEET lv E. F. DELERY. THRUST BALANCING MEANS FOR PUMPS, TURBINES, OR THE LIKE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC- 5. I9I9. 1,404,346.

Patented Jan. 24, 1922..

3 SHEETS-SHEET 2- itn 25585 if INVENTOR. 6 mm 'aa P 6W E. F. DELERY. mnusr BALANCING MEANS FOR PUMPS, TURBINES, on THE LIKIE.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.5| I919. 1,404;-,346 Patented Jan. 24, 1922.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3- o o J O 0 O o O ATTORNEY.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EUGENE F. DELE RY, OF NEW ORLEANS, LOUISIANA.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 24, 1922.

Application filed December 5, 1919. Serial No. 342,828.

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, EUGENE F RANK DEL- J JRY, a citizen of the United States, residing at New Orleans, in the parish of Orleans and State of Louisiana, have invented new and useful Improvements in Thrust-Balancing Means for Pumps, Turbines, or the like, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to power transmitting machines having impellers or runners acting on or acted on by a fluid stream. wherein the impellers or runners when in operation are subject to difierences of pressure between the fluid'inlet and fluid outlet sides.

The principal object of the invention is to automatically balance the thrust upon the impeller arising from the differences of pressure existing in the fluid that moves or is moved by the impeller between the inlet and outlet sides of the impeller.

The invention consists in means whereby a fluid pressure as effective as that on the higher pressure side or" an impeller, is applied simultaneously to the lower pressure side thereof. It also consists in the several combinations and parts defined in the appended claims, particularly set forth in the ensuing description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.

In the drawings, wherein like reference characters indicate like parts throughout the several views,

Figure 1 is an elevation, partly in section of an impeller and impeller shaft constructed according to my invention, and a casing, the top or cap of which has been removed;

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the impeller;

Fig. 3 is an elevation ofthe central body of the impeller disclosing the balancing vanes;

Fig. 4 is an elevation of a centrifugal pump comprising my invention, the main vane or bucket ring of the impellerv being in section, and the cap of the casing removed,

Fig. 5 is an elevation of a grooved ring, constituting a part of the impeller, to which the vanes or buckets are secured;

Fig. 6 is an elevation of a vane or bucket and its attaching lugs viewed in the direction of the impeller axis;

Fig. 7 is a View of a vane or bucket with its attaching lugs as it would appear viewed from the right of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a sectional view of a plate disposed in the pressure balancing chamber;

Fig. 9 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view through the axis of the impeller and pressure balancing chambers.

' The invention is shown and described embodied in rotary pumps; but it is to be understood that the invention is equally applicable to turbine motors and is not to be limited by the particular embodiments herein disclosed for the purpose of illustrating practical applications thereof.

In the drawings the main body of a bearing support, shown as a pump casing with the top or cap portion removed, is illustrated at A. The inlet to said casing is shown at 2'7 and the outlet therefrom at 28. It will be understood that a cap member, not shown, flanged similarly to the main body A, is to be bolted to the flange f of the main body by means of bolts passing through bolt holes 26.

Journaled in divided bearings formed partly in the main casing body and partly in the cap member is an impeller shaft 10, to which is secured an impeller inclosed by the pump casing wherein a suitable chamber is provided for the body of the impeller and an annular space or chamber 11, in which the vanes revolve during the operation of drawing fluid into the casing and forcibly discharging it therefrom. Surrounding the shaft 10 at each side of the impeller and suitably fitted to the casing are stuffing boxes provided, respectively, with glands 8 and 9 for compressing the packing rings 18, in order to prevent leakage of pressure around the shaft.

In the particular embodiment illustrated, the impeller comprises a cylindrical body 2, having spiral passages 1 across its periphery, keyed or otherwise securely fastened to the shaft 10 concentric therewith; a

ring 3 having circumferential grooves 22 surrounding the body 2 and rigidly secured to it, and oblique vanes, blades or buckets 14 secured to said circumferentially grooved ring. The body 2 is secured to shaft 10 be tween the

end walls

5 and 6 of the chamber formed in the main body of the casing and asing cap. The said chamber is of greater dimension measured axially of the shaft 10 from wall 5 to opposite wall 6 thereof, than thecylindrical body 2 from face 7 to face 4,

and the said body 2 is secured to shaft 10 so that the two end faces -7 and 4 thereof tial grooves 22 of the ring 3.

formed-with or rigidly secured to curved.

lugs 24, said lugs 24 being of a size and curvature to fit snugly in the circumferen- After the lugs 24 have'been inserted at the correct angularly spaced positions in the said grooves 22, the vanes may be rigidly secured in place by bolts 21 passed through registering holes drilled through the ribs on the ring 3 that separate the grooves 22, and through the lugs 24. One end of the bolt 21 may be threaded into a corresponding threaded portion of the hole in one of the outer ribs, for

' example, in the right hand rib as indicated in Figs. 1 and 9 at 23. On that end of the ring 3 which is adjacent the low pressure side of the impeller is a flange 15, which may be an annulus bolted'to the ring 3 or may be formed integral therewith. The said the impeller in a direction (clockwise in flange 15 overhangs the body 2 and projects into a cylindrical cavity formed in the easing so that it may revolve freely therein but with the perimeter of the flange in snug relation to the inner cylindrical wall of said cavity. From the construction thus far de' scribed it will be apparent that rotation of Figs. 1 and 9) to draw fluid through the inlet 27 and discharge it through the outlet 28, will cause a pressure at 17 on the discharge side of the impeller in excess of the pressure at 16 on the suction or inlet side.

.By this invention a pressure sufficient to counteract the back pressure upon the impeller is applied to the low pressure side against the face 7 of the body 2. High pressure fluid'flows from the high pressure side of the impeller into the space or chamber 18, and is forced by the vanes or grooves 1, in "rotating body 2, into the chamber 29 between face7 of the body 2 and the wall 5 of the casing chamberin whichsaid body rotates. The fluid is forced through the grooves so as to increase the pressure per given area in chamber 29 over that existing in chamber 13, in order to completely neutralize the back thrust on the impeller.

Instead of having the pressure in chamber 29exerted directly between the face 7 of the body 2 and the wall 50f the casing chamber, it is preferred to interpose av disk '19 between said face and wall. The said disk is sleeved closely over shaft 10, and may have its edge beveled as indicated in Figs. 1 and 8 to engage a correspondingly beveled edge on the flange 15, or may have a cylindrically flanged edge as illustrated in Figs. 4 and 9 fitting inside of a cylindrical inner periphery of flange 15. Surrounding the shaft 10, outside of disk 19, is a washer 20, which spaces the :disk 19 from the wall 5, thus forming between said disk and wall another chamber 12. 'A hole 30 in disk 19 places the

chambers

29 and 12 in communication. Thus, pressure in chamber 29 is communicated to'chamber 12, the pressure in chamber 12 acting to seal the stul'hng box on the low pressure side, and neutralize the effect of suction that would otherwise be exerted on said stufling box. 7

In assembling the described mechanisms the body 2may be first keyed'to shaft 10; the vanes or blades 14 are united to the ring in correctangular spacing by inserting the lugs 24 in the grooves 22, and securing them in place, as'by means of the bolts 21 in the manner illustrated in Figs. 1 and 9. Ring 3 carrying the properly spaced vanes 14, is then sleeved over the spirally grooved body 2 and secured in place in any desired manner, (as by keys or set screws not shown). Disk 19, spacing washer 20, may then be slipped over the shaft to proper position and the stufling boxes assembled. Shaft 10 carrying the described assembled impeller disk, washer and stuffing boxes may then be fitted to the casing body A and the cap or top portion (not shown) bolted to it by means of bolts passed through holes such as 26 in the flanges.

' In operation fluid enters the casing through the inlet 27, passes through the vestibular space 16, enters the annular vane chamber 11 and is discharged from theimpcller at 17 whence it passes through the discharge pipe 28 at a pressure higher than that, which exists at 16. Some of thefluid under. high pressure,-substantially equal to that at 17, -fills the chamber 13 and is caught by the vanes or grooves 1 in the body 2 located between the body and the inner surface of ring 3, and forced into the chamber 29' at a pressure per square inch somewhat greater than that which exists in chamber 13, the pressure in chamber 2913cacting against the face 7 of the body'2and tending to force the impeller or runner against the pressure existing at 17 and in chamber 13. Some fluid in chamber 29 en-' ters the chamber 12 by way of the aperture- 30 in disk 19, and fills the chamber 12 with fluid under pressure equal to that in chamher 29, the fluid, being confined and substantially quiescent, sealing the stuffing box on the low pressure side by acting on the packing. In the manufacture of the impeller the grooves l in body 2 are given such a pitch with respect to the pitch of the blades 14 that-the pressure on the discharge side of the impeller, which may be taken as P (pressure per given unit ofarea) multiplied by the area of a circle described by the outer edges of the vanes let minus the cross sectional area of shaft 10, equals the pressure P in chamber 29.multiplied by the area of the face 7 of body 2 less the cross sectional area of the shaft 10. This will give a balance having a constant ratio which will be proportional for all pressures.

In F 4 the improvement is'shown ap plied to a centrifugal pump. The casing A is modified accordingly and also the form of the vanes 14 and ring 3. These modified parts are typical of such pumps and are not concerned with the present invention, the

body. 2 with grooves 1 and

pressure cham bers

13 and 29, and other essential features of this invention are the same as illustrated in the other views.

Having described my invention in such manner as to enable those skilled in the art to which it appertains'to make and use the same, what I'claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:

1; In mechanisms of the class described, an impeller, and means operated by the impeller to force fluid against the low pressure side of the impeller under suflicientpressure to counterbalance the back pressure on the high pressure side.

2. In mechanisms of the class described,

an impeller, and means operated by the impeller to force fluid from the high pressure side against the low pressure side of the impeller under suflicient pressure to counterbalance the back pressure on the high pressure side regardless of the variations of said back pressure.

3. In mechanisms of the class described,- an impeller, a bearing support therefor, there being a pressure chamber between the bearing support and impeller on the low pressure side of the latter, and means rendered effective by the rotation of the impeller for forcing fluid into said pressure chamber so as to counterbalance the back pressure exerted on the high pressure side of the impeller.

4. In mechanisms of the class described, an impeller comprising a body having opposite pressure faces and impeller vanes supported on the periphery of said body; an impeller casing having fluid inlet and outlet passages, there being a chamber between the casing and impeller body on the high pressure side of the impeller in communication with the adjacent fluid passage, and a closed pressure chamber between said casing and said body on the low pressure side of the impeller; and means forconducting fluid under pressure from the chamber on the high pressure side of the impeller into the closed pressure chamber in the low pressure side thereof.

In mechanisms of the class described, an impeller comprising a body having opposite pressure faces and impeller vanes supported on the periphery of said body; an im peller casing having fluid inlet and outlet passages, there being a chamber between the casing and impeller body on the high pressure side of the impeller in communication with the adjacent fluid passage, and a closed pressure chamber between said casing and said body on the low pressure side of the impeller; and means actuated by the impeller for pumping fluid from the chamber on the high pressure side into the closed pressure chamber on the low pressure side.

6. In mechanisms of the class described, an impeller comprising a body having opposite pressure faces and impeller vanes supported on the periphery of said body; an impeller casing having fluid inlet and outlet passages, there being a chamber between the casing and impeller body on the high pressure side of the impeller in communication with the adjacent fluid passage, and a closed pressure chamber between said casing and said body on the low pressure side of the impeller; and pump vanes on said body adapted to force fluid in a direction opposite that of the fluid flowing through said impeller vanes, said pump vanes being so disposed as to force fluid from the chamber on the high pressure side into the closed pressure chamber on the low pressure side.

7. In mechanisms of the class described, an impeller comprising a body having opposite pressure faces and impeller vanes supported on the periphery of said body; an impeller casing having fluid inlet and outlet passages, there being a chamber between the casing and impeller body on the high pressure side of the impeller in communication with the adjacent fluid passage, and a closed pressure chamber between said casing and said body on the low pressure side of the impeller; passages through said body disposed at an inclination adapted to force fluid in a direction the reverse of that passing between said impeller vanes, said passages establishing communication between said chamber on the high pressure and low pressure sides of the impeller.

8. In mechanisms of the class described, an impeller comprising a body having opposite pressure faces and oblique grooves crossing its periphery, a ring encircling said body, impeller vanes on said ring, said vanes and grooves being so disposed as to cause fluid to flow in opposite directions through said passages and vanes reqiectively; an impeller casing having fluid inlet and outlet passages, there being a chamber between the casing and impeller body on the high presthat existing on the high sure side of the impeller in communication with the adjacent fluid passage, and a closed pressure chamber between said casing and said body on the low pressure side of the impeller; said grooves on the periphery of theibody between said body'and ring establishing. communication between said chamber-on the high pressure and low pressure sides of the impeller. 1

9. In mechanisms of the class described, an impeller comprising a body having a pressure face on the low pressure side of the impeller, an impeller casing in which the impeller is mounted to rotate, said casing having a cavity with a wall concentric with the axis of the impeller, an annular flange on the impeller having its outer surface close to the said-curved wall of the casing cavity so as to form a fluid tight chamber, and

sure chamber. on said low pressure sidebetween the pressure face of the impeller and the casiri'g'through which said shaft extends, and means for forein'g fiuid' under pressure 'into said closed pressure chamber.

11. In mechanisms of the class described, an impeller comprising a body having a pressure faceon the low pressure side of theimpeller, a shaft to which the'impeller is secured, an impeller casing in which said shaft is journaled, packing between said shaft and easing on the low pressure side of the impeller, said casing having a cavity with a cylindrical wall concentric with the axis of said'shaft, an annular flange on said impeller body having its outer surface close to the said cylindrical wallbf the casing cavity, a disk sleeved on said shaft, spaced from said pressure face and the inner face 'ofsaid cavity in the casing, the perimeter of said disk being in engagement with said flange, there being a restricted'passage'for fluid from one side of said disk to'the other, and means for forcing fluid under pressure into saidcavityi i i In testimony whereof I hereby affix my signature in the presence of two'witnesses.

EUGENE r. DELERY. V

Witnesses:

HAROLD P. CRANE, MARK ARNUEDo. V