US1400036A - Furnace - Google Patents

Description

W. C. DRAKE.

runmlce. APPucmon FILED oar. la. I919.

Patented D0013, 1921.

2 SHEETS-$HEET I.

W. G. BRAKE.

FURNACE.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 13, I919- Patented m.13,1921.

2 SHEETS-SHEET]- 5] nue/wtoz I structure.

WARREN CHARLES DRAKE, OF INWOOD, NEW YORK.

summon.

" Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed October 13, 1919. Serial No. 330,428.

To all whom it may concern: I

Be it known that I, WARREN CHARLES DRAKE, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of Inwood', in the State of New ,York,

have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Furnaces, of'which the folowing is a specification:

My invention relates to furnaces having admission of air into the fuel bed through the sidewalls of the furnace, and articularly to furnaces in which such si e walls are made of fire-brick. It has been found that in fire brick constructions considerable trouble arises from the formation of clinkers on the side walls of the furnace and on the bridgewall which confines the fuel bed on one side, and such clinkers sometimes adhere to the walls and obstructthe operation of'the furnace. Thorough combustion. is also impeded by such clinkers. The forcible removal of -these clinkers from the walls, which has been resorted hitherto generally, is not only a tedious procedure, but liable to injure the fire-brick. For the purpose of overcoming these difiiculties, it has been known, for example in my prior application Number 242,585, filed June 29, 1918, and in Bernitz Patent Number 1,393,606 granted October 11, 1921, to use a fire-brick construction in which the fuel bed is confined at the sides between brick walls spaced from the respective outer furnace walls to form a space into which air is introduced under pressure and from which such air passes into the fuel bed through passages formed in said fire-brick The present invention, relating to such clinker preventing refractory furnace walls involves certain important features of improvement, including the following: I sup-ply a forced draft of air, steam or other fluid into the side of the fuel bed through apertures, which are tapered so as to give forcible tapering jets, which. carry further into the fuel bed, giving a more effective clinker preventingaction and tection of walls, while at thesame time etter promoting combustion. The furnace I wall face adjacent to the fuel bed is formed with channels or gutters into which the apertures discharge; these channels serving to protect the apertures from clogging by the fuel or clinkers and rmitting better lateral distribution of t e entermg air. These features and the combination of them have proved very effective and successful in dotted. line 10 in Fig. 1.

combustion is supplied to the furnace rom ro-.

practice. .Other features will be explained in the further description of the invention.

Without desiring to restrict myself tothe specific structure shown, I will now describe preferred and satisfactory embodiments of my invention, as shown in the accompanying drawings, it being understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the principles of my invention as set forth in the appended claims.

In said drawings Figure 1"is a vertical section taken roughly on line 1-1 of Fig. 2 showing a furnace of the inclined underfeed stoker type, the walls of the combus- Patented Dec.13,,1921. I

tion chamber having fire-bricks embodying my present invention, the parts exterior to the furnace and the retorts and twyers within the furnace being shown in elevation; Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on line 2-2 of Fig. 1; Fig.3 is an enlarged detail view of one of the fire-bricks shown in Figs. -1 and 2; Figs. 4 and 5 are cross sections on lines 4-4 and 5-5 respectively of Fig. 3; Fig. 6 is a face view of another form of fire-brick according'to my invention; 7 is a section on llne 7-7 of Fig. 6; Fig. 8 is a face view of a third form of fire-brick constructed in accordance with my invention; and

in Fig. 8. The three face views-Figs. 3, '6 and 8, show the inner faces of the bricks,

that is to say, those next to the combustion chamber.

The fuel introduced into the hopper. 1 is' fed into the retort 2 by means of rams 3 reciprocating in ram boxes 4, this motion being obtained by means of connecting rods 5, a

crank shaft 6, worm gearing 7, and a shaft'" f 8, driven in any suitable manner.

The fuel thus fed into the furnace -1s spread on twyers 9 to form a fuel bed the upper outline .of which is indicated by the Air to sup ort ate for the its four sides by the front wall .15, sidewalls 16, and a bridge wall 17. Some of the boiler tubes are indicated at '18. The parts numbored from 1 to 18 inclusive may of any well-known or approved construction, exceptin so far as the walls 15, 16, 17 are m0d1-' Fig. 91 is a side view of the brick shown. 85

fied to receive the special fire-bricks to be described presently.

It will be seen from Fig. 1 that the vertical surfacesof the combustion chamber are 'given a special construction where they are in contact with the fuel bed. At these portions, the walls 15, 16 and 17 are recessed or" chambered to receive fire-bricks of the novel onals of the square or rectangle at the corners of which the other four passages are placed. The inner or discharge portions of the passages 20do not extend to the inner face 19' of the brick 19, but terminates short of said face, being connected with intercommunicating surface channels or recesses 20, in the nature of shallow grooves or gutters, interrupting the otherwise generally flush interior surface of the walls, and shown extending up and down and also across the face of the brick. Preferably the passages 20" taper gradually from their inlets to their discharge ends, to deliver more forcible or concentrated jets of air.

penetration, thereby keeping the hottest flames farther from the wall, to its protection, also holding off from the wall the possible area of clinker formation; so that any clinkers formed are not able to contact and fuse with the wall as occasionally occurred with the prior structures mentioned. The

fire-bricks 19 are placed in the chambered portions of the walls 15, 16, 17 in such a manner that the faces 19 of said bricks are flush with the combustion chamber surfaces of said walls. The. bricks 19 are in contact not only with said walls, but with each other, and may therefore be bonded properly, thus obtaining a very strong construction. their outer surfaces, the bricks 19 are made with lugs or projections 21, located at the four corners, and serving to space the rear or outer faces 19" of the bricks from the ad jacent face of the wall 15, 16, or 17, so that an air-chamber 22 will be formed adjacent to each brick 19. All the air-chambers 22 along the same wall 15, 16 or 17 are in communication "with each other. Air is supplied to the chambers 22 through suitable conduits, as indicated at 23" in Fig. 1 and 2,

and Fig. 1 .also indicates a dam er or valve to regulate the supply of air, it eing understood that the air is preferably supplied under pressure, say from the main air duct 11, see Fig. 1.

InFigs. 6 and 7, the brick or block 19 has its faces 19' and 19", five tapering passages 20, and four corner lugs 21' disposed This importantv feature operates by deepeningjthe zone of in practically the same fashion as in Figs. 1 to 5, but the channels or recesses 20 cross. each other in the shape of an X, instead of being horizontal and vertical as are the channels 20'.

Both in the form Figs. 1 to 5 and in the form Figs. 6 and 7, the surface channels 20 or 20" respectively at the discharge ends of' the passages 20 communicate with each other. This however is not essential, and in- Figs. 8 and 9, I have illustrateda brick 19 having three separate or disconnected vert cal surface channels or recesses20i, the middle channel communicating only with the central passage 20, while each of the/lateral channels 20, communicates with two of the said passages 20, there being five such passages, placed as described above. It will-be obvious that the number and arrangement of passages may be varied, and while I have shown each passage as formed within a single brick,'I do not wish to restrict myself to this feature, since (preferably tapering) passages might be formed in other. ways to extend through the fire-brick wall or structure and to terminate in recesses or channels on the inner face of such structure.- F igs. 8 and 9 also show spacing lugs 21" laced midway between'the ends of the ricks instead of at the corners, as in the case of the lugs 21 or 21'.

The admission of air through the passages 20 prevents in a large measure the formation of clinkers which might adhere to thefirebricks, particularly in view of the strong blasts or jets delivered through the passages when they are ,tapered' as described. If however clinkers shouldform and run down the innerfaces 19' of the fire-bricks, such clinkers will be kept away from the dis charge ends of the passages 20, since these discharge ends are spaced from said inner faces, owing to said passages terminating at recesses such as 20, 20", and 20*, especially as these recesses are narrow. These channels or recesses also have a beneficial effect in spreading the air issuing from the passages 20, over a comparatively large area of the fuel bed. 1

While in Fig. 1 fire-bricks of the improved type are shownonl at that part of the combustion chamber w ich is in contact with the fuel bed, I desire it to be understood that such fire-bricks may be applied above the line of the fuel bed, if desired, and this may be preferred in some cases to insure a more .nearlyperfect combustion.

with face channels or gutters facing the fuel bed within the chamber and withnumerous I ing the combustion chamber, the same having its interior face adjacent the fuel bed built up of fire blocks each having its face formed with channels or gutters facing the fuel bed, and having apertures discharging into said channels, and means for supplying air or other fluid under pressure to said apertures. A

3. A refractory fire brick or block for furnace walls, the same having face channels or gutters at its inner face and tapered air passages arranged with their outlets in such channels.

4. A refractory fire brick or block for furnace walls, the same having a plurality of short disconnected face channels or gutters at its inner face and tapered air passages arran ed with their outlets in such channels.

5. structure as in claim 2 and wherein the face channels of said wall are numerous short disconnected shallow channels or gutters, each having one or more of said apertures opening thereinto, and serving to keep the apertures free from clogging.

6. In a progressive-feed forced-draft fur-;

nace, a non-clinkering refractory wa'll bounding the combustion chamber, the same having its inner portion adjacent the fuel bed built up of refractory blocks, formed with numerous tapered apertures, giving tapering jets of air, and mainly located to deliver such taperin jets directly into the fuel bed, and

means or supplying air under'forced draft to such tapered apertures, whereby air of combustion so penetrates the fuel bed adjacent the wall as substantially to prevent clinker formation within attaching proximity to the wall. 7 v

WARREN CHARLES DRAKE. j

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