US1398067A - Carbureter - Google Patents

Description

.H. CSANYI.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILE D JUNE 27,19l8.

Patented Nov. 22, 1921.

ATTORNEY UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY CSANYI, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

CARBURETER.

Application filed June 27,

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, I'IIZNRY CSANYI, a citizen of the l nited States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Carbureters, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in carbureters for internal combustion motors, pertaining more particularly to carbureting devices of the surface contact type.

While attempts have heretofore been made to provide carbureting structures for this purpose operating under surface contact principles, certain difiiculties were present which rendered the structures un satisfactory, so that the development of the carbureter for the commercial field has been along different lines, viz: the float-control spray-delivery type, this being the type now generally employed for commercial use. Carbureters of the latter type not only have certain inherent disadvantages, but necessarily are of such construction as to involve a comparatively high cost of manufacture. One of these disadvantages is the presence of flooding conditions whenever the motor vehicle is traveling on an tip-grade, the amount of hydrocarbon discharged being in excess of that required to meet the increased power necessary-- increased size of motor proportionately increasing this amount of excess-so that there is present an inherent loss of hydrocarbon under these conditions. Another disadvantage arises when the conditions are reversed and the level of the hydrocarbon is shifted away from the discharge outlet, producing a paucity in hydrocarbon supply. Some of these inherent conditions have been overcome, but only by the use of complicated structures which largely increase the cost of manufacture of the carbureter.

The present invention is, therefore, designed to not only provide improvements in the surface contact type of carbureting devices, but also provides a construction far simpler and less costly in manufacture than the float type, and at the same time overcome the inherent ditliculties present in the float type and which are above referred to.

Further objects are to provide a device which is simple and etticient in operation, durable in construction, and which can be manufactured at a relatively low cost.

To these and other ends, the nature of Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nov. 22, 1921.

1918. Serial No. 242,238.

which will be readily understood as the invention is hereinafter disclosed, said invention consists in the improved construction and combination of parts hereinafter fully described, illustrated in the acconipanying drawings, and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings, in which similar reference characters indicate similar parts in each of the views:

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view taken through a carbureting device constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional view of the same taken on line 22 of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a horizontal sectional view, with parts broken away, taken on line 3-3 of Fig. 1.

The invention may be embodied in various forms, that shown in the drawings being a simple embodiment, the device being shown as secured to the suction line leading to a motor, this line being indicated by the fitting 10 to which the cylindrical casing 11 of the carbureter is secured, the casing being shown as provided with an air inlet 12 and with a controlling valve 13 shown as of the butterfly type. The inlet is shown as leading into the side of the casing, but it is obvious that it may be located at other points. depending upon the particular type of carbureter desired.

In the embodiment shown, the opposite end of casing 11 is closed by ahead 14 carrying the hydrocarbon conduit'in the form of a member 15 shown as threaded to head 14 with a portion projecting beyond the head and to which a nipple 16 is. secured, the latter being connected to the line leading from the source of hydrocarbon su )ply, not shown, nipple 16 carrying a suita le valve 16 by means of which the passage of hydrocarbon into the passageway 15 of member 15 can be controlled.

The upper or inner end of member 15 is shown as of reduced diameter and provided with a plurality of radial openings 15 adjacent the end of said reduced portion, the bore or passageway 15" of the member having its upper or inner end closed by a threaded stud 17, thus limiting the outlet from passageway 15 to the openings 15.

18 designates a tubular member or mantle surrounding the reduced portion of member 15, the mantle being clamped in position between a shoulder on member anda cap' 19 held in position by a nut 17 mounted on stud 17, suitable gaskets or washers being located at the opposite ends of mantle 18.-

- of member 15 andinto which the hydrocarhon is discharged through openings 15*, said space providing a hydrocarbon reservoir.

Mantle 18 is porous, being formed of suitable material having this characteristic; the material may be of various kinds, but it IS.

preferred that it be of a character such as will provide for substantial rlgidity, as for instance would be provided by the use of a porous solid material, either natural or artificial in formation. A preferred material is porcelain prepared in such form as to provide this porous characteristic. I prefer to employ this latter material for the reason that it is possible to control the porosity of the material mluring' manufacture of the mantle, so that the requirements of supply capacity of the hydrocarbon during operation-which differ in connection with different types and sizes of vmotorscan be met to a greater or less extent 1n the manufacture of the mantle.

Cap 19 is shown as carrying an outwardly extending flange 20, the flange being formed integral with or secured to the cap in any desired manner, this flange forming one of the members of a valve, the opposite memher being indicated as a diaphragm 21, carried at the upper end of a tubular member or hood 22 which surrounds the porous mantle 18. Hood 22 is shown as, extending within a tube 23 secured to head 14. tube 23 being of a suflicient size to provide an annular space surrounding the body portion of member 15, this space being adapted to receive a spring 24 which tends to retain hood 22 in its upper position in which the diaphragm 21 is in contact with flanged portion 20, the spring bearing against the lower end of hood Hood 22 is adapted to be moved downwardly against the tension of spring 24: through the operation of a cam 25, or other operating device, said cam cooperating with a U-shaped strap 26 which is secured to projections formed at the upper end of hood 22,

this trap being located in the path of movement of cam 25 when the latter is operated with its shaft 25. Shaft 25 is oscillated by the action of a suitable control mechanism illustrated by an arm 26 carried by shaft 25 and a connection 27 carried by the free end of the arm, said connection leading to the control device as usual.

As shown more particularly in Figs. 2 and 3, diaphiagm 21 is perforated or provided with openings 21 these openings being arranged in any desired manner, being posi- 'tioned-to underlie flanges20 when the carb ureteris inactive, saida-flanges'thus closing communication through diaphragm 21 a; this time, as shown in Fig. 2, the latter figure indicating the parts in the inactive position of the carbureten,

As will be readily understood from Fig. 2, casing 11 is practically divided into, two parts by diaphragm 21, the lower part of the casing being in open communication with the air supply, while the upper part is in open communication with the suction line. Communication between these-1pmtions of the casing is possible only through openings 21* of the diaphragm, and these openings are normally closed by reason of the contact of disk or diaphragm 21 with flanges 20. And since disk 21 cannot be operated through suction actionmovement of the latter under such action being prevented by flange 20-the passage of air into the suction line is entirely dependent upon manipulation of'the controlling mechanism represented by cam 25. The inoperative position of cam 25 is indicated indotted lines in Fig. 1. this position corresponding to the position shown in Fig. 2.

When, however, the controlling mechanism is operated to move cam 25 .so as to depress strap 26, diaphragm 21 will also be depressed, causing'it to move away'from the flange 20 and uncovering openings 21 the result being that air entering into the lower portion of the casing will be permitted to pass to the upper portion of the casing through these openings 21.

As will be seen from Fig. 1, not only does this uncovering action of openings 26 take place, but this movement of the strap also moves hood 22 downwardly away from its normal position of contactnvith cap 19, the result being that the external face. of porous mantle 18 will be exposed for a distance equal to the distance between flanges 20 and disk 21. As openings 2 are located in close proximity to the inner portion of the disk, it will be readily understood that the air passing through the openings will be brought into contact with the exterior of that portion of mantle 18 which has been exposed by the movement of hood 22 away from cap 19, this flowing air taking up such hydrocarbon as may be present on the exterior of the exposed portion of mantle 18. Obviously, the amount of hydrocarbon taken up will depend upon this particular distance, the controlling member always being below the point of exposure of mantle 18 by reason of the. shifting in position of diaphragm 21, so that the passing air is practically compelled to traverse the exposed surface of mantle 18. This action is practically insured by reason of the fact that the air is compelled to travel in a somewhat tortuous path in passing through openings21 and beyond flanged portion 20.

As heretofore pointed out, mantle 18 is porous in character, and has the additional characteristic of being formed of material which will produce a rigid structure. This latter is of advantage not only byreason of the fact that it is possible to clamp the mantle in position in such way as to prevent pas sage of hydrocarbon from the reservoir wit-hin mantle 18 excepting through the pores of the mantle, but in addition, the rigidity prevents any collapse of the mantle under the suction aotion provided during the suction stroke of the motor. Consequently mantle 18 may be subjected to the entire suction pressure without liability of affecting its shape or the arrangement of its interior, so that assurance will be had that the mantle will be unaffected by operating conditions and practically insuring uniformity in operation by reason of the stability of the porous structure under Such operating conditions.

Owing to the fact that it is possible to practically control the porosity of mantle 18, the seepage or movement of hydrocarbon therethrough under the pressure of the entering hydrocarbon can be practically controlled, especially since it is possible to govern the pressure of the hydrocarbon through valve 16. Hence, there will be no excess quantity of hydrocarbon delivered to the exterior of mantle 18, but such exterior face will generally be in a. wetted condition, so that no material delay will be had at the start of operations. lVhen the suction action ishad, the feed of hydrocarbon through the mantle will be with sufficient rapidity, since a porous member of this type. in the presence of suction .conditions, will provide rapid transference of the contents from the interior to the exterior face at those portions of the member which are directly exposed to the suction action.

In connection with this latter feature, it may be noted that the spacing between mantle l8 and hood 22 shown in the drawings is more or less exaggerated, this spacing in actual practice being" such as to provide for free movements of member 22, the inner face of the hood, however, being in close proximity to the exterior face of mantle 18.

As will be readily understood, the control provided by cam 25 not only controls the passage of the air from one portion to the other of the casing, but also controls the amount of surface exposure of mantle 18, so that the single control thus provided is effective both with respect to the air and to the" hydrocarbon, enabling proper proportioning of the two in the formation of the charge.

It will be understood, of course, that the inflowing hydrocarbon will practically retain the annular chamber substantially filled, the resistance provided by the porous condition of mantle 18 being such as to prevent rapid movement of the hydrocarbon from said chamber under the action of the hydrocarbon pressure alone. As the hydrocarbon contained in this annular chamber or reservoir is withdrawn under the suction action, however. the chamber will be maintained filled from the supply and thus present the immediate Supply for passage through the pores of member 18.

Obviously, the extended peripheral area of mantle l8 and the porosity of this member provides for delivery 'of hydrocarbon over an extended surface instead of the single point of discharge usual in carbureters of the float type, and since this area increases with the amount of movement of disk 21, it will be readily understood that the delivery of the hydrocarbon will be in such form as to greatly increase the efliciency of the charge.

As will be understood, the porosity of mantle 18 will be governed more or less by the particular use to which it is put, it being readily understood that the percentage of porosity will be determined more or less by the amount of hydrocarbon which is required to meet the needs of the individual type of motor, heavy motors of large size requiring greater amounts of hydrocarbon and hence employing a mantle 18 of higher percentage of porosity.

It is to be understood. of course, that it is preferred to employ filtered or otherwise cleaned hydrocarbons to prevent, as far as possible, the collection of impurities on the inner face of mantle 18. However, the structural arrangement is such as will permit the mantle to be readily removed for the purpose of cleaning its interior should this be found necessary. Obviously, this ability to remove the mantle for cleaning purposes permits ready substitution of one mantle for another in case of damage or if it be desired to substitute a mantle of higher or lower percentage of porosity, the ability to provide this latter enabling a single carbureter structure to be used in connection with different types and sizes of motors.

lVhile I have herein shown and described one way in which the invention may be car- 'ried out, it will be readily understood that changes and modifications therein may be required or desired to meet the exigencies of use, and Ildesire to be understood as reserving the right to make any and all such changes or modifications as may be found necessary or essential, in so far as the same may fall within the spirit and scope of the invention as expressed in the accompanying claims when broadly construed.

What I claim is 1. In a carbureter, a casing having an air inlet and a charge outlet, at, shittable diationed so that the exposure ofthe sleeve va-' ries in accordance with movement of the diaphragm.

2. In a carburetor, a casing having an air inlet and a, charge outlet, a shiftable diaphragm adapted'to separate the inlet and outlet, said diaphragm being perforated to permit communication between theinlet and outlet, a stationary element cooperating with the diaphragm to form a valve device con-- trolling such communication, and means for exposing a hydrocarbon supply to the air passing through said diaphragm when the latter-is shifted, said means including .a hood adapted to isolate the supply when the valve device is closed. 7

3. In a carbureter, a casing having an air inlet and a charge outlet, a shiftable diaphragm adapted to separate the inlet and outlet, said diaphragm being perforated to permit communication between the inlet and outlet, a stationary element cooperating with the diaphragm to form a valve device controlling such communication, and means for exposing a hydrocarbon supply to the air passing through said diaphragm when the latter is shifted, said means including a hood adapted to isolate the supply when the valve device is closed, said hood being movable in synchronism with the diaphragm to control the time of exposure of the supply and the extent of supply area exposed to the passlng air.

'4. In a carbureter for internal combustion engines, a casing, a member extending therein and having a passageway for hydrocarbon, a porous mantle supported by said member and provided with a central recess connected to said passageway and forming therewith an annular reservoir for hydrocarbon, and a 'shiftable hood surrounding said mantle and adapted to shield the latter when the carbureter is inactive.

5. In a carbureter, a casing, a member extending therein and having a passageway for hydrocarbon, a porous mantle supported by said, member and forming therewith an annular reservoir for hydrocarbon, and a shiftable hood surrounding said mantle and adapted to inclose the latter when the carbureter is inactive, said hood being shiftable to expose predetermined portions of the mantle during carbureting activity.

6. In a carbureter, a casing, a member carried thereby having a passageway adapted to communicate with a source of hydro carbon supply, a cap carriedthereby, a porous mantle clamped between said cap and member, a hood surrounding said mantle and cooperating with the cap to inclose the mantle and movable relative to said mem ber and mantle to expose mantle portions, a resilient support for the hood, and means for shifting the hoodin opposition to said support.

7. In a c'arbureter, a casing, a member carried thereby having a passageway adapted to communicate with a source of-hydrocarbon supply,,a cap carried thereby, a porous mantle clamped between said cap and member, a hood surrounding said mantle and cooperating with the cap to inclose the mantle and movable relative to said member and mantle to expose mantle portions, a resilient support for the hood, a perforated diaphragm movable with said hood, and means for shifting said hood and diaphragm in opposition to said support. v

8. In a carbureter, a casing, a member carried thereby having a passageway to communicate with a source of hydrocarbon supply, a cap carried thereby, a porous mantle clamped between said cap and member, a hood overlying said mantle and cooperating with the cap to inclose the mantle and movable to expose mantle portions, a resilient support for the hood, a perforated diaphragm movable with said hood, and means for shifting said hood and diaphragm in opposition to said support, said means including a member connected to said hood and diaphragm, and a pivoted cam adapted to cooperate with said latter member.

9. In a carbureter for internal combustion engines, the combination of a'body providing an air passage, a member located in the passage and provided with a fuel passage and a fuel discharge opening located between the ends of the air passage, a porous tube surrounding a part of said member and the fuel discharge opening, a cap connected to the end of said member and closing the upper end of the porous tube and holding the tube in position, a sleeve slidably mounted in relation to the tube for exposing variable areas of the tube to air passing, an apertured diaphragm carried by the sleeve and transversely dividing the air passage at a point between its ends, members carried by said cap-to cooperate with the apertured diaphragm, and means for moving said sleeve and diaphragm.

10. In a carbureter for internal combustion engines, the combination of a body providing an air passage, a member located in the passage and provided with a fuel passage and a fuel discharge opening located between the ends of the air passage, a porous tube surrounding a part of said memher and the fuel discharge opening, a cap connected to the end of said member and closing the upper end of the porous tube and holding the tube in position, a sleeve slidably mounted in relation to the, tube for exposing variable areas of the tube to air passing, an apertured diaphragm carried by the sleeve and transversely dividing the air as- 10 sage at a point between its ends, mem ers carried by said cap to cooperate with the apertured diaphragm, a spring arranged about said first mentioned member to move the sleeve and diaphragm in one direction,

and manually operated means for moving 15 the sleeve and diaphragm in the opposite direction against the spring.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand.

HENRY CSANYI.

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