US1393280A - Burner-regulation system - Google Patents

Description

1. GOOD. BURNER REGULATION SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 4, 1918. RENEWED MAR.5,1921.

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I BURNER-REGULATION SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILEID IAN. 4, 1918. RENEWED MAR. 5, |921.

"Patented f M, 192110 3 SHEETS-SHEET 2` Il l l N l Il I l. GOOD. BURNER REGULATION SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED IAN. 4, 191s. IIENEWED MAR.5.192|.

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A TTORI'I/EY JOHN `Gl-OOJD, OF GARDEN' CJITY, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO GOOD INVENTIONS C0., OF

YORK, N. Y., A. CORPORATION F NEW YORK.

Specification of Letters Patent.

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Continuation in part of application Serial No. 86,455, led March' 24, 1916. /Patent No. 1,267,760, dated May 28, 1918. This application led January 4l, 1918, Serial No. 210,296. Renewed March 45, 1921.

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To all whom t may concern.'

Be it knownthat-lf, JOHN Goon, United States citizen, residing in Garden City, Long Island, N. Y., have invented the following ldescribed Improvements in Burner-Regulation Systems.

The improvements relate to the automatic regulation of the proportions of fuel and air i in liquid fuel burners. beingdirected more particularly to that type of burner mecha,- nism'in which the proportions to be controlled and maintained are those of an eX- plosive mixture such for example as illustrated in my prior but copending application, Serial No. 86,455, filed March 24C, 1916, and in other types of burners using a forced draft supply of combustion-supporting air,

mitting the burner mechanism to be turned up and down, so. to speak, and to any extent desired without departing from the desired proportions 4or disturbing the ediciency of the heat development or varying the chemical composition of the exhaust product.

' Other objects and various incidental features and uses of the presentl invention will appear from the description which follows or become apparent therefrom to those skilled in this art.

Referring to the drawings- Figure 1 is a general sectional view of apparatus incorporating the present invention, the several parts thereof being purposely arranged for convenient illustration in a single view; (A

Fig. 2 is a top plan of Fig. 1 with parts in section; l

lFig. 3 is a eneral sectional view of a modified form o the invention; and

,Figs. 4e, 5 and t are details of modicanous,

consists of a main casing l supplied with air` from a pipe 2 and containing an inner air- .distributing shell 3 and an oil nozzle 4. The

shell contains a central spray nozzle -5A and some of the air passing through this nozzle serves to atomize and aspirate the liquid fuel from the oil nozzle while the remainder passing through a 'number of very fine holes 1n the shell wall is sufficient to support or complete' the combustion of the fuel so that anjintense Haine emerges from the end of the burner head into whatever space is to be heated. A spark plug with its electrodes intercepting the lateral edge of the spray, before it mixes Orvis greatly diluted by the combustion-supporting air,`serves to ignite the fuel in the type of burner head shown, providing the and the velocity within the shell are properly correlated. This particularform of burner head is a preferred one for the present invention being the subject of another copending application, Ser. No. 195,506, filed Oct. 9, 1917.- For general burner use in heatimg muiile furnaces,boilers and the like it is desirably provided with a slight constriction of the flame orificev as indicated at 3, However, and so far as the regulation system herein disclosed is concerned, various other types of burners may be used in place of that shown.

The forced air flow through the burner may be obtained in various ways and in the case of Figs. 1 and 2 is derived from a fan blower 6 driven by a motor 7. The motor switch 8 is arranged with three or more contact stations; the first, marked a: is a double or split contact adaptedl for simultaneously energizing the motor and the spark coil of the spark plug in the burner head to produce the ignition sparks. v When the switch handle is set on thisA first contact, delivery of air and fuelis begun in the burner head and ignitionV is automatically produced therein, the fuel proportions and the flow velocity in the burner being properly cordinated to that end as later described. Movement of the switch handle t'ocontact b continues the motor in action but discontinues thespark and movement to the last contact c' cuts out resistance from the motor circuitv as indicated in the diagram of lig. 1 thereby proportions of air and fuel speeds up the motor to increase the air delivery and hence the rate of combustion.

The switch may be a controller for the motor as respects its speed and may be assumed for the purposes of this description, to be the equivalent of any suitable means for regulating or adjusting the rate of air How to the burner head. In this respect it duplicates the function of a throttle 9 which in the case of Figs. 1 and 2, controls the suction intake of the blower. Either the switch or the throttle may be used for controlling the rate of air flow, it being understood that the air flow creates and controls the pressure conditions which move the fuel liquid to the burner head and on that account that the regulation of the throttle or the switch may be the means of varying the rate of combustion as above stated.

When the air source is a fan blower, it may be located at any point in the path of the air flow, being' located, in Figs. 1 and 2, just in rear of the burner head. It draws o. air from the atmosphere through the intake 10 and past a stream line control body 11 ,which is lifted or displaced thereby to an extent proportional to the velocity of inflow. This body is mounted on a staff 11b guided in spider bearings in the intake passage and is rendered extremely sensitive to fluctuations of air flow by the action of the small wind wheel 13 mounted 4upon it. The said wheel is rapidly revolvedby the air and is purposely made out of balance so that it sets up a tremor in the staff 12 which removes any tendency for the latter to stick in its bearings. The wind wheel is thus essentially a shaker or Vibrator and keeps the air control body as well as other moving parts of the apparatus in a sensitive and mobile conditionnotwithstanding A that these parts are likely to become clogged with dirt and dust incoming with the air; Inasmuch as this vibrator device is 0f great utility in the present construction and has other than burner uses, it is regarded as an independent feature and is separately claimed as such. The air-sustained body 11 is displaced. in the case in hand, against its gravity only but a spring could be employed to close or seat it additionally to gravity or instead of it if desi/red. The variations in its degree of displacement are accurately transmitted through the lever 14 to a liquid fuel metering device constituted in the present case by a tapered pin 15 occupying the restricted outlet passage from a liquid fuel receptacle 16 to the liquid discharge nozzle 17 of that receptacle. The position of the control body and the pin will be understood to be correlated so that for any position of theformer the liquid discharge from the nozzle 17 will take place in a deinite ratio to the vair flow. This ratio may be constant andn the case af Some types of burnersthat are electrically ignited, may be made variable and so as to give a certain richness of the fuel mixture at the starting speed of the fan which willadapt it to be readily and instantly ignited even though' the fuel bc in a cold state. This may be assumed to be the case with the burner head illustrated. The automatic regulation of proportions is accurately obtained in the present case by using a straight tapered metering pin and by giving the chamber` wall around the control body 11 a special curvature, as indicated at 11a previously computed to make up for the known characteristics of variation of liquid How through small orifices.A The restricted outlet controlled by the metering pin is formed in a thimble 18 which is adjustable with reference to the pin by screwing itone way or the other. Such adjustment regulates the proportion of fuel and air which the apparatus will thereafter automatically maintain. A similar adjustment could be made by changing the normal position of the air-sustained body 11 with reference `to the lever 14 or the pin 15.

' The liquid nozzle 17 is placed in a lateral discharge chamber 12 or extension from the air intake pipe 12, being therefore in communication with the pressure condition caused by the control body 11. The liquid receptacle 16 which supplies this nozzle, through the .metering devices above described, is kept with a constant liquid level by means of a float valve or other means not shown and with its interior at atmospheric pressure by reason of a vent to atmosphere marked 19 in Fig. 2. The level in the chamber, in the system of Figs. 1 and 2, is close to 'and only slightly below the level of the -orifice of nozzle 17. Liquid delivery takes tacle l16 is always at the pressure of the air entering the entrance 10 and the nozzle 17 is at that of the air after having passed the control body; the difference of pressure on opposite sides of the control body produces the liquid flow. The difference is constant when the control body is gravity seated as in the present case and therefore the flow occurs under the equivalent of a constant head` the rate being varied solely by movement of the metering device. The discharged and measuredliquid falling into the chamber 12a is conducted therefrom and separately from the air flow in the air pipe 12 by means of the transfer pipe 20, which latter pipel conducts it straight without admixture with air to the burner nozzle 4 o r to whatever device 1s employed for preparing the liquid for combustion with the air. Movement of the liquid through this transfer pipe is pronaeaaao duced, in the system of Figs. 1 and 2, solely by the aspirating effect of the spray nozzle 5 but can obviously be supplemented by a gravity head if desired, depending upon the relative levels of the chamber 12a and the burner head. The throttle 9, which controls the rate of combustion as already explained, is a butterfly valve, so-called, consisting of a single circular disk with offset vanes and with its axle located in the plane of a longi# tudinal central partition 21, so that one vane is located in the compartment on each side of the partition. ln this location the air flow has no tendency to turn the throttle on its axis and the valve is therefore balanced and thereby admirably adapted for sensitive control by thermo-static action. For this purpose its crank arm 22 is shown connected to a rod 23 which may be assumed. to be a thermostat or the stem of one, the active element thereof being omitted from the drawing but understood to be located where it will experience the temperature produced by all) the burner. The same rod 23 may also be assumed to be a manual control element in which case it could be provided with a dash pot as shown in the drawing, especially if the pipe 20 is of considerable length, in which case it serves to prevent changes in the air flow so abrupt as' to become effective in the burner before corresponding changes at the measuring point have become eective at the fuel nozzle.

It will be apparent that with the organization above described the proportions may be maintained constant notwithstanding that either the ipe 20 or 2 may be subjected to considerab e heating which is, sometimes desirable to facilitate the movement or the vaporization of certain liquid fuels. Both of these pipes may be of any length required by the conditions of installation, the same being also true of the intake pipe. The metering device should be located in a position of substantially constant temperature to avoid change of proportion from change of viscosity due to temperature and it will be observed that the invention provides the means whereby such device can be located at any suitable position without in any way affecting the operation of the system as a whole. The control body wherever located, will serve to establish a pressure difference and its position will control the fuel delivery.

Fig. 3 shows the samepprinciple as above described but in the form wherein the fan blower is located at the entrance to the intake pipe 12 and in which the entire system is operated above atmosphericv pressure. lin thisform the liquid fuel receptacle 16 is subject to the air pressure below the air-sustained body 11 through a pressure pipe 25 and the discharge chamber 12EL is at the pressure-greater than atmospherezedetermmed ylevel in the liquid receptacle.

movement of liquid to chamber 12a takes place under the same. pressure difference as above described and so that the movement of the measured liquid through the transfer pipe 20 occurs in part by reason of the pressure acting upon it rather than solely by the aspirating suction`of the air jet in the b urner. In, fact, in this form, the aspirating eifect need not be relied upon at all, the pressure in chamber 12a being sufficiently above that in the burner head to give adequate flow and even to lift the fuel to some considerable distance above the constant 0n this account the lparticular type of burner head taken for illustration can be equipped with a very reliable and eliicient type of spraying means, as presentlylexplained.

The adjustment of proportions in this pressure system may be made by the adjustment of the thimble 18, as already described, but it may also be accomplished by varying the capacity of a small vent to atmosphere in the pressure pipe 25, such vent being provided in a valve 27, and being normallyopen s0 as to permit a small quantity of air constantly to escape yto atmosphere. By' closing such valve more or less the pressure in the` liquid receptacle 16 may be varied accordingly and up to a maximum in which the vent will be substantially closed and the full pressure of the blower exerted on the liquid.

'Fig 4 illustrates the special fuel spraying means above referred to. The fuel nozzle 26 terminates just within the air distributing shell and is provided'with a fine needle orifice, such as would be made by4 a No. 68 drill or even liner. The liquid fuel in the transfer pipe 20 is under pressure sufficient to discharge .a slenderr solid needle of liquid from this orifice into the path of the air jet from the nozzle 5. which shatters it into an extremely fine mist, particularly well suited for electric ignition and not at all subject `to disarrangement by slight variations in the relative position of the air jet. The latter may issue from a relatively large orifice in `the air nozzle 5, suchl as would be made b v a No. 40 or 50 drill. The reliability and effectiveness of its atomizing' action without need of specially accurate adjustment very materially simplifies manu.- l

j Fig; 4 also illustrates that :the regulation of the combustion rate may take place at the air distributing shell in the burner head instead of 1n the intake4 pipe as in the preceding figures. The rotary sleeve 27 mounted upon and around the said shell 3, is perforated in registry With holes in the latter and subject to slight rotary adjustment by a Fig. 6 illustrates the air pipe 2 of lfig. 1,'

subject to the heat of the burner prior to its entrance thereto, the said pipe being indicated as formed into a coil 2a around the flame for that purpose, but this means of heating the air is merely illustrative of any other suitable means of heat exchange that ,might b e used.

Claims:

1. A forced combustion system for liquid fuel comprising a burner mechanism, an air pipe, means for creating a regulable flow of combustion supporting air 'through the same to said burner mechanism, a liquid fuel receptacle having a discharge nozzle opening into a space or chamber in communication with said air pipe so as to be subject to the pressure condition therein and a transfer pipe conducting liquid fuel from said chainber separately from the air flow in said air pipe to said burner mechanism, the said parts being organized and arranged to discharge liquid fuel vto said transfer pipe in a' predetermined and substantially constant proportion to the rate of air flow in said air pipe.

2. The combustion system identified `in claim 1 having a metering' device for the liquid fuel operated by a body in the air How which is sustained atdifferent positions of displacement in proportion to the rate of iiow. r

3. The system identified in claims 1 an 2 in which the metering device operated by a body in the air-flow comprises a straighttapered liquid metering member and the coacting seat portion for said body is specially curved With relation to said body to maintain constant vproportion of fuel and air for different rates of flow.

L.lf-The system identified in claim 1 in which the air flow is provided by a fan type blower intervening between the liquid discharge chamber and the burner mechamsm. i

5. In the system identified in claim l, elec-y tric ignition means in the burner mechanism, an electrically driven fan for furnishing the. air flow to the mechanism and a singlev switch device for controlling both.. A

6. In the system identified/n claim 1, a

throttle disposed in the air pipe between the said liquid discharge chamber and the point of mixture of the liquid fuel with the air from said pipe.v

7. The system identified in claim 1, in which the proportions of fuel and air and the manner of their mixing in the burner mechanism are correlated to permit electric ignition of the fuel and in which the air supply is produced by an electric motor adapted to run at such speed as to produce a flow velocity in the burner mechanism suitable to permit such ignition, and in which the ignition means is automatically energized When the said motor is set to run at the speed referred to. j

8. The system identified in claim 2 in which the liquid fuel. receptacle is subject to the same pressure as exists on the entrance side of said air-sustained body, the discharge nozzle from said receptacle being on the burner side of said body whereby the liquid is discharged vby virtue of the pressure depression produced by said body.

9. 'A fuel and air proportioning device comprising an air-sustained body interposed in the air flow through said device and means for shaking or vibrating said body to reduce its tendencyv to stick.

10. A fuel and air proportioning device comprising an air-sustained body interposed in the air flow through the same and an airoperated member adapted to impart vibration to said device.

` 11. A fuel and air proportioning device comprising moving measuring parts and an unbalanced Wind Wheel disposed in the air flou7 through said device and adapted to impart vibration thereto.'

12. The combination with a pipe, of a throttle therein comprising a single disk and a pivotal mounting therefor, a central longitudinal partition in said pipe occupying the plane ,of the pivotal axis of said mounting and the vanes of said disk on oppositesides of the partition being of substantially equal area, whereby the disk is balanced.

13. Combustion apparatus comprising a burner with a liquid fuel nozzle and an air pipe leading to the burner having an airsustained control body therein, in .combination with a liquid fuel supply receptacle hav ing means for delivering liquid to said nozzle and arranged to discharge said liquid by virtue of the difference of pressure on op posite sides of said body, means whereby the position of said body regulates the said discharge, and a transfer pipe conducting the so discharged liquid to the burner.

14. Combustion apparatus comprising a burner, an air pipe connected to it, means for creating an adjustablerate of air flow therethrough to said burner, a body adapted to be variably displaced by lsaid air iow, a

vliquid fuel chamber having its liquid outlet 'naoaao burner and. adapted to deliver liquid in proportion tothe air flow without substantial mixture'with the air at said outlet, a transfer pipe having its opening within said air pipe and receiving the liquid from saidoutlet and conducting the Same separately from the air pipe to form the mixture in said burner, and means whereby a diderence of pressure is maintained between the ends of said transfer pipe to move the fuel therethrough.

15. Combustion apparatus comprising a burner, an air pipe and means for creating an adjustable rate of air How therethrough to Said burner, a body adapted to be variably displaced by said air flow, a liquid fuel chamber having its liquid outlet within said air pipe between said body and burner and adapted to deliver liquid in proportion to the airA How but without mixing withthe air atsaid outlet, a transfer pipe having its opening within said air pipe and receiving the liquid from said'outlet and conducting A the same separately from the air pipe to form the ture in said burner, means whereby -afdijderenc'e of pressure is maintained between the ends of saidl -transfer pipe to move the fuel therethrough and means for heating one of said pipes between the said liquid outlet and the burner.

16. A forced draft liquid fuel combustion system comprising an air pipe, means for creating a forced dow of combustionsupporting air through the same to a burner, and means for varying said How, said burner comprisinga liquid nozzle and an air-jet nozzle arranged to aspirate liquid fuel from a. liquid nozzle and a chamber for distributing and mixing the combustion-supportingy air withvthe aspirated fuel, in combination with means for supplying liquid fuel to the fuel nozzle and regulating devices for said means controlled by the air How independently of theeaspirating action of the airjet and automatically maintaining the rate of fuel supply in a predetermined-proportion to the a1r How. I

ln testimony whereof, ll have signed this specification.

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