US1391946A - Bulk-cargo carrier - Google Patents

Description

H. P. FREAR. B'ULK CARGO CARRIER. APPLICATION FILED APR. 15, 1920. 1,391,946. PatentedSept. 27, 1921.-

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

INVENTOR ATTORNEYS H. P. FREAR.

BULK bARso CARRIER.

APPLICATION FILED APR. l5 I920- Patented Sept, 27,1921.

4 SHEE S-SHEET 3.

INVENTOR vvlrrrlllllillivlllfl IIIII a I I!!! lillllliltI/Iil w i mw x R m E 4 4 i l I i 4 l ATTORNEYS H. P. FREAR.

BULK CARGO CARRIER.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 15. 1920'.

1,391,946. Patentedsept 27,1921.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

v I Q) INVENTOR ATTORNEYS UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HUGO P. FREAK, BETHLEHEM, PENHSYLV-.NIA, ASSIGNOR TO BETHLEHEM SHIP- BUILDING CORPORATION, LTD., OF BETHLEHEM,

TION OF DELAWARE.

Specification of Letters latent.

IENNSYLVANIA, A CORPORA- isotmoanco CARRIER.

Patented Sept. 27, 1921.

Application filed. April 15, 1920. Serial. No. 374,074..

My invention relates to a novel construc-v tion of a vessel adapted for carrying ore or other dense bulk cargo confined by means of fore and aft trimming bulkheads, so that the ore cargo occupies a space running fore and aft but substantially less than the total width of the cargo hold, thereby incr asing the stowage depth of the cargo; The effect of thisis to elevate, the ore or other dense bulk cargo so that its center of gravity will be approximately at the same height as the center of gravity of a cargo of ordinary density in a vessel of ordinary construction.

My invention further provides "for bull: cargoes of ordinary density by utilizing the space not only between the trimming bulkheads above described but also the space on the outboard sides of the trimming, bullrheads, hatches being arranged over the space between said trimming bulkheads above described for loading and dischai. whether carried in the space bet trimming bulkheads or in the space on the outer sides of the trimming bulkheads.

In order that the cargo may be loaded and discharged from the same central hatches, openings are provided at or near the top 01" the trimming bulkh ads and or about the-level oi the stowage top of ore or other dense cargo, thereby permitting an ordinary bulk cargo, after filling the space between the trimming bulkheads to overflow through said openings into the wing. spaces outboard of the trimming bulkheads."

To enable the cargo oi? ordinary density to ,be discharged through the central hatches, similar openings are provided t or the bottom of: the trimi 9 h .itheads so that the cargoin the. w. j spaces can be transferredb hand or by mechanical means or preferably by gravity to the central space under the hatches.

To the above ends my invention therefore consistsot a vessel new and novel design adapted to carry an ore or other dense cargo which if carried in a vessel of ordinary design would require. for a full load, a relatively small percentage of the space obtaining in suca vessels.

J My invention, in its broad and generic scope, further comprehends a novel con.- struction and arrangement of trimming bulkheads, with or without a novel arrangement of the inner skin of the vessel with reference to these trimming bulkheads.

By means of my invention, I am enabled to contract the cargo, thereby elevating it to the extent necessary for the following purposes (1.) Loading, trimming and discharging.

Distribution of the cargo.

Equally desirable metacentric heights (or degree of stability) with ore or other dense cargoes as with a cargo of average density properly stowed in a vessel of ordinary design.

Stowing the cargo in a contracted space and thereby reducing its liability to shift ina sea way.

(5.) To bring its center of gravity to approximately the'same position as though the sold were of an ordinary design and loaded with a cargo of average density properly loaded, thereby reducing the tendency of the vessel to roll to. excess with possible damage in a sea way and thereby further reducing, the tendency of the cargo to shift;

(6.) Carrying ore or other dense cargo and providing means so that the wing spaces can be utilized together with the central space for carrying bulk cargoes of ordinary density when not carrying ore or other'dense cargoes; the bulk cargoes of ordinary density being located and discharged through the same hatches as above described.

Other novel features of construction and advantage will hereinafter more clearly appear in the detailed description of my invention.

For-the purpose of illustrating my invention, I have shown in the accompanying drawings embodiments thereof which are at present preferred by me, since such embodiments will be found in practice to give sat isfactory and reliable results. It is, how- -ever, to be understood that the various instrumentalities of which my invention consists can be variously arranged. and organised and'that my inventionis not limited to the precise arrangement and organization of these instrumentalities as herein shown and described.

Figure 1 represents a longitudinal, vertical, sectional, diagrammatic View of a novel vessel, embodying my invention, arranged to carry ore or other dense cargo and also bulk cargoes of average density, certain of the parts being shown in elevation.

Fig. 2 represents a plan View looking down on deck showing more particularly the hatches, the bulkheads below the deck being shown dotted.

Figs. 3, l, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 represent, respectively, cross sections illustrating various novel features and arrangements of the interior of the vessel. Figs. 11 and 12 represent cross sections showlng more particularly the position a cargo of low specific gravity assumes during the unloading operation.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts.

Referring to the drawings,

The preferred arrangement of the propelling machinery and the navigating bridge is illustrated in Fig. l in which the propelling machinery'is located aft and the navigating bridge forward, but it will be understood that any other desired arrangement or location of machinery and bridge can be provided without departing from the spirit or scope of this invention.

1 designates my novel construction of floating vessel and 2 designates the bottom of the hold. 3 designates double bottom compartments below the floor of the hold, 4 designates the cargo hold which includes both the central portion between the trimming bulkheads and also the space in the wings, outboard of the trimming bulkheads. 5 designates the hatches, it being apparent that modifications may be made in the sizes of the hatches and the intervals between said hatches, depending upon the dimensions of the ship, characteristics of the cargo, and the loading and discharging methods and facilities, without departing from thespirit of this invention. 6 designates a hatch leading to a compartment or cargo hold forward of the limits of the dense cargo or other bulk cargo hold, but said hatch 6 may be entirely eliminated or increased or decreased in size in any particular case, according to the dimensions and cargo carrying capacity of the vessel. 7 designates the trimming bulkheads arranged on either side of the center of the vessel but it will be apparent that their exact position will be governed by the density of the ore cargo, the arrangements shown providing for an ore cargo of average density. 8 designates transverse dia-. phragms or bulkheads dividing the cargo hold into a number of compartments, but it will be obvious that the space between said bulkheads may be increased or de creased, or the bulkheads may be omitted without departing from the spirit of this invention.

9 designates openings at or near the tops of the trimming bulkheads to provide means for filling the wing spaces through the hatches after the middle space has been filled sufficiently for the cargo to overflow into the wings, it being apparent that said openings may extend throughout the length of each portion of the hold between the bulkheads 8, or they may be provided at any desired intervals. 10 designates openings below the bottom edges of the trimming bulkheads in order to permit the cargo in the wings to be trimmed toward the center, after the cargo in the central space has been discharged, thereby permitting the cargo from the wing compartments to be discharged through the same hatch or hatches which are used for discharging the cargo carried in the central space.

Fig. 3 illustrates my invention in its simplest form wherein the floor of the hold or the double bottom is carried straight across the vessel and the trimming bulkheads are shown in a vertical plane. With this arrangement, after the cargo is discharged from the central space, the cargo in the wing spaces can be transferred to the center by hand or by mechanical means through the openings 10 to a position where it can be discharged through the hatches 5.

Fig. 4 shows another preferred arrangement of both the double bottom and the trimming bulkheads. The double bottom is sloped upoutwardly in the manner shown at 11, so that the cargo in the wing spaces will trim by gravity to the central space under the hatch, where it can be readily dis charged in the same manner as the cargo in the central space is discharged. The trimming bulkheads are preferably provided with a flare at their tops and their bottoms for reasons that anyone skilled in the art will readily understand.

Fig. 5 is the same as Fig. 4, except that the double bottom or what might preferably be called the inner skin is extended up to the deck, as shown at 12.

Fig. 6 shows an arrangement similar to Fig. 5 except that the inner skin on each side of the vessel near the top is sloped upwardly and inwardly as at 13, meeting the deck at the hatch coamings, or between the hatch coamings and the sides of the vessel.

Fig. 7 shows an arrangement which differs from Fig. 6 in that independent tanks 16 are formed, between portions of the inner skin approximately parallel to the sides of the by diaphragms 14 of the double bottom, which arrangement is preferred so that the i cargo in the wing spaces in-gravitating toward the center will accumulate in greater bulk and thus facilitate discharging by means of grab buckets or other mechanical devices. The sloping sides of the interior skin under the deck are prej ferredin connection with the trimming bulkheads in order ;-(a) to. afford better means for supporting the trimming bulkheads on a preferred arrangement of framing (not shown), (6) to render the cargo stowed in the wing spaces self trimming, and (c) to avoid voids in the hold which might permit of the cargo shiftingtoa slight degree.

Fig. v9shows the manner of loading and. stowing an ore or other dense cargo in. a

vessel arranged as shown in Fig. 8. As the central space of the hold is filled in'the man.- ner shown, the ore or :dense cargo arches slightly at the openings 10 below, or at the lower openings of the trimming bulkheads, which arching-together with the trimming bulkheads, retains the dense cargo in the manner indicated, thereby raising the center of gravity suihoiently to insure easy rolling, minimum stresses and good sea-going characteristics.- V r Fig. 10 shows the manner of loading, trimming and stowingof a bulk cargo of average density in a vessel arrangedas shown in Fig. 8. On the right hand side of the figure, the

central space andthewing space is shown.

entirely filled by the cargo. The left hand side of the figure shows the wing space partly filled and illustrates the cargo overflowing the tops of the trimming bulkhead 7 into the outerspace. A void is indicated between the center of the vessel and-the inboard side of the trimming bulkheads on the left side of the figure inorder to illustrate the manner in which the bulk cargo trims by gravity to the center of the vessel;

To one skilled in this art, it is obvious that otherarrangements as preferred may be adopted to meet special requirements without in any waydeparting from the broad and. generic scope of my invention." Thus, depending upon the relation between the specific gravities of-the dense cargoes and the cargoes of. average'clensity, the trimming bulkheads may extend the full length of the hold in the manner illustrated in the preferred arrangement shown in 1, orthe trimming bulkheads may be omittedia-t either end of the hold, or for a short distance amidships, or at any part of the hold; such portions of the hold in which thetrimming bulkheads are omitted being intended primarily for the carrying of cargo of average density.

Figs. 1 to 10 inclusive are mainly diagrammatic and do not indicate any method or system of framing, as anyone skilled in the art can apply any of the well known systems offraming without departing from the spirit or purpose of' my invention. Any one of several systems of framing may be used for supporting and bracing the trimming bulkheads in an adequate and substantial .II1ZII1 ner.

in Fig. 4 a double bottom has its sides sloping upwardly and outwardly to the side walls of the vessel.

In Fig. 5 the inner skin, slopes upwardly and outwardly towardthe side walls of the vessel and then extends upwardly to the deck preferably substantially parallel with the side walls of the vessel. 7

In Fig. 6 the inner skin slopes upwardly and outwardly from the double bottom toward the sides of the vessel, then extends upwardly a desired distance substantially parallel with the sides of the vessel and then slopes inwardly, terminating in upward er:- teusions which are connected with the deck in proximity to the hatch 'coamings.

in Fig. 7 the construction is similar ex:-

cept that the upper and lower diaphragms are provided in order to form'the independent tanks 16. i

In Big. 8 the inner skin slopes upwardly and outwardly from the depressed double bottom to the sides of thelvessel, and other portions of the inner. skin slope upward and inwardly from the side walls of the selandare secured to thedeck in proximity to the hatch coamings.

' it will be apparent that the space formed between the inner skin, and the contiguous walls of the vessel may be employed as a void space or as a stowage-space forv cargo, liquid cargo, for fuel, for liquid fuel or for water ballast.

ln'accordance with my present invention, 1. have devised a novel bulk cargo vessel which is adapted to be employed in carry-- ing a bulk cargo of relatively great density '(e; 91., ore), on a going trip, and without change of internal arrangements, a cargo of ordinary density, (0. g.,-coal) on the return. trip. It willbe seen that when a cargo of relatively great density is carried, it will be retained in thecentral'portion of the vessel between the trimming bulkheads shown in Fig. 9) thereby elevating thecenter of gravity above the'po'sition incident to a normal loading. In loading, a bulk cargo of ordinary density will overflow through opening 9: into the wing spaces after the central-space or spaces have been. filled.

When such cargo of ordinary density is being discharged, the portions in the wing spaces will trim automaticallyby gravity (or may be trimmed by hand) to the center space between the trimming bulkheads. In both cases, 2'. 6., for dense cargoes and cargoes of ordinary density, loading and discharging are effected through the same hatches.

' In Fig. 11, I nave illustrated diagrammatically the bulk cargo vessel in transverse section showing the vessel carrying a cargo of relatively low specific ravity, a portion of such bulk cargo having been removed.

InFig. 12, I have shown more clearly the manner in which the bulk cargo trims toward the center during the unloading operation.

It will be apparent, that in all the embodiments of my invention the trimming bulkheads 7, preferably stand upright or substant-ially vertical and that the height of said trimming bulkheads is in practice prefrably less than the distance between the deck and the bottom of the hold or the inner skin, or any such equivalent construction may be employed whereby the top openings 9 and the bottom openings 10 are created for the purposes stated, although it will be apparent that the height of said trimming bulkheads may be otherwise proportioned with respect to said distance, so long as said openings 9 and 10 are present for the purpose explained, it being essential that the central cargo space and wing spaces outboard thereof, be intercommunieating at their tops and bottoms and that the bottoms of said wing spaces form continuations of the bottom of said central space, so as to permit loading and unloading and to effect automatic trimming. I

It will further be apparent that the upper and lower flaring terminals of the trimming bulkheads 7 seen in Figs. 4 to 12 inclusive serve to facilitate the automatic distribution or trimming of the cargo and in addition somewhat stiii'en or strengthen said trimming bulkheads, as will be apparent to those skilled in this art.

It will be apparent that the flaring of the trimming bulkheads has the additional special advantage in the loading and unloading of the cargo, since the means employed to effect the loading or unloading will readily clear from the bulkheads instead of catching thereon, as often occurs where the bulkhead terminals extend in the same plane or such as would otherwise occur in case the bulkheads were not flaring.

The present invention has been especially designed for carrying a bulk cargo of ore on the trip in one direction and for carrying coal on the trip in the return direction, and in accordance with my present design, the vessel is able to carry the maximum cargo in either direction without rendering it necessary to render the ship stable by the ferred embodiments thereof which will give,

in practice satisfactory and reliable results, it is to beunderstood that such embodiments are susceptible of modification 1n var1ous particulars without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention or sacrificing any of its advantages.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is: c

1. In a bulk cargo vessel of the character described, longitudinally extending, vertical,

trimming bulkheads on opposite sides of the center line extending in a fore and aft direction for any desired length of the hold, the distance between said trimming, bulkheads being substantially less than the width of thecargo hold, and the height of said bulkheads being less than the distance between the bottom of the hold and the deck, whereby upper and lower openings are formed.

2. In a bulk cargo vessel of the character described, longitudinally extending, vertical trimming bulkheads on opposite sides of the center line, extending in a fore and aft direction for any desiredlength of the hold, the distance between said trimming bulkheaos being substantially less than the width of the cargo hold, there being openings in proximity to the top of said trimming bulkheads through which a cargo of ordinary bulk will overflow into the side spaces after the center space or spaces have been filled,the height of said bulkheads being less than the distance between the bottom of the hold and thedeck.

3. In a bulk cargo vessel of the character described, longitudinally extending, vertical trimming bulkheads on opposite sides of the center line extending in. a fore and aft direction for any desired length of the hold,

the distance between said trimming bulkheads being substantially less than the width of the cargo hold, said trimming bulkheads having openings in proximity to the bottom thereof, through which, after the c rgo between the trimming bulkheads has been discharged through the hatches, the cargo in the side spaces may be trimmed to the center for discharge through the same hatches, the height of said bulkheads being less than the distance between the bottom of the hold and the deck.

4. In a bulk cargo vessel of the character described, longitudinally extending, vertical trimming bulkheads on each side of the center line extending in a fore and aft direction for any desired length of the hold, the distance between said trimming bulkheads being substantially less than the width of the cargo hold, there being openings in: proximity to the top of said trimming bulkheads through which a cargo of ordinary bulk will'overfiow into the side spaces after the center space or spaces have been filled, and there being openings at or near the bottom of said trimming bulkheads through which, after the cargo between said trimming bulkheads has been discharged through the hatches, the cargo in the side spaces may be trimmed to the center for discharge through the same hatches, the height of said bulkheads being less than the distance between thebottom of the hold and the deck. t

5. A. bulk cargo vessel having an inner skin, and upright trimming bulkheads ex tending in a fore and aft direction on opposite sides of the center line of the vessel, and there being trimming openings in proximity to the top of said trimming bulkheads, said inner skin having upper portions sloping toward said openings, and the height of said bulkheads being less than the distance between the floor of said inner skin and the deck.

6. A bulk cargo'vessel having an inner skin, and upright trimming bulkheads extending in a fore and aft direction on oppo site sides of the center line of the vessel and there being trimming openings in proximity to the bottomof said trimming bulkheads, said inner skin having portions sloping toward said openings, and the height of said bulkheads being less than the distance between the fioor of said inner skin and the deck.

7. A bulk cargo vessel having an inner skin, and upright trimming bulkheads extending in a fore and aft direction on opposite sides of the center line of the vessel, there being upper and lower trimming openings in proximity to the top and bot-' tom respectively of said trimming bulkheads, said inner skin having upper and lower portions sloping toward said upper and lower openings respectively, and the height of said bulkheads being less than the distance between the deck and the floor of said inner skin. 7

8. A bulk cargovessel having an inner skin, and upright trimming bulkheads extending in a fore and aft direction on opposite sides of the center line of the vessel, there being upper and lower trimming openings in proximity to the top and bottom respectively of said. trimming bulk heads, said inner skin having upper and l wer portions sloping toward said" upper and lower openings respectively, and transverse diaphragms suitably placed, said inner skin contributing with the outershell of the vessel and said transverse diaphragms to form a plurality of independent tank spaces. 9..In a bulk cargo vessel of the character described, longitudinally extending, verti cal trimming bulkheads of less hcight than the distance between the bottom of the hold and the deck, located on opposite sides of the center line extending in a fore and aft direction for any desired length of the hold, the distance between said trimming bulkheads being substantially less than the width of the cargo hold, and bulkheads extending'transversely in the vessel to form a plurality of. cargo receiving spaces.

10'. In a bulk cargo vessel of the character described, longitudinally extending, vertical trimming bulkheads of less height than the distance between the bottom of the hold and the deck, located on opposite sides of the center line, extending in a fore and aft direction for any desired length of the hold,

the distancev between said trimming bulkheads being substantially less than the width of the cargo hold, there being openings'in proximity to the top of said trimming bulkheads through which a cargo of ordinary bulk will overflow into the side spaces after the center space or spaces have been filled, said trimming bulkheads being flared outward at their upper portions.

11. In a bulk cargo vessel of the character described, longitudinally extending, vertical trimming bulkheads whose height is less than the distance between the bottom of the hold and the deck, located on opposite sides of the center line extending in a fore and aft direction for any desired length of the hold, the distance between said trimming bulkheads being substantially less than the width of the cargo hold, said trimming bulkheads having openings in proximity to the bottom thereof. through'which. after the cargo between the trimming bulkheads has bee1i:discharged through the hatches, the cargo in the side spaces may be trimmed to the center for discharge through the same hatches, said trimming bulkheads being flared outward along their lower portions.

12. In a. bulk cargo vessel of the character described, longitudinally extending, vertical trimming bulkheads whose height is less than. the distance between the bottom of the hold and the deck, located on each side of the center line extending in a fore and aft di rection for any desired length of the hold, the distance between said trimming bulkheads being substantially less than the width otthe cargo hold, there being openings vin proximity to the top of said trimming bulki tlmeenter spa-c6 or'spaces' have been filled,

and there being openings at or near the bot tom of said trimming bulkheads through which, after the cargo between said trimming bulkheads has been discharged through the hatches, the cargo in the side spaces may be trimmed to the center for discharge through the same hatches, said trimming bulkheads being flared outward at their up per and lower portions.

13. A bulk cargo vessel of the character described, having an inner skin and having in its cargo receiving space longitudinally extending, vertical trimming bulkheads whose height is less than the distancebetween said inner skin and the deck, spaced from each other to elevate and retain a car o of relatively great density, there be ing upper and lower trimming openings in proximity to the top and bottom of said trimming bulkheads, said upper trimming openings eliecting the automatic trimming of a cargo of ordinary density into the wing spaces outboard of said bulkhead when loading, portions of said inner skin sloping toward said lower openings, said sloping portions'of said inner skin contribut ing with said lower trimming openings to efiect' automatic trimming of said cargo of ordinary density into the spaces inboard of said bulkheads when unloading.

14. A bulk cargo vessel or the character described, having in its cargo receiving space longitudinally extending, vertical trimming bulkheads, spaced from each other to ele vate and retain a cargo of relatively great density, there being upper and lower trimming openings in proximity to the top and bottom of said trimming bulkheads, said upper trimming openings effecting the automatic trimming of a cargo of ordinary den sity into the wing spaces outboard of said bulkheads when loading, and said lower trimming openings permitting the trimming of said cargo of ordinary density into the space inboard of said trimming bulkheads when unloading.

15. A bulk cargo vessel having an inner skin, a portion of which on either side of the center line is substantially horizontal, other portions of said skin being sloped upwardly and outwardly toward the sides of the vessel, other portions of said inner skin being carried upwardly to the deck sub stantially parallel to the side walls of the vessel, vertical trimming bulkheads whose height is less than the distance between said skin and the deck disposed on opposite sides of the center line and extending in a fore and aft dlrection for any desired length of the hold, the distance between said trimv ming bulkheads being substantially less than the width of the cargo hold.

16. A bulk cargo vessel having an inner skin, a portion of which at its bottom on opposite sides of the center line is substantially horizontal, other portions of said inner skin sloping upwardly and outwardly toward the sides of the vessel, then extending upwardly and then sloping inwardly and upwardly to meet the deck in proximity to the hatch coamings, vertical trimming bulkheads whose height is less than the distance between said skin and the deck disposed on opposite sides of the center line and extending in a fore and aft direction for any desired length of the hold, the distance between said trimming bulkheads being substantially less than the width of the cargo hold.

17. A bulk cargo vessel having an inner .7 "1 a portion of whichforms a double bottom on opposite sides of the center line, then sloping upwardly and outwardly toward the side of the vessel, then substantially vertically or parallel to the sides of the vessel, and terminating in inwardly and upwardly sloping portions meeting the deck in proximity to the hatch coamings, fore and aft water tight diaphragms extending laterally from the upper and lower edges of the substantially vertically extending portion to the adjacent sides of the vessel,

and vertical trimming bulkheads whose height is less than the distance between said skin and the deck on opposite sides of the center line extending in a fore and aft direction for any desired length of the hold, the distance between said bulkheads being substantially less than the width of the cargo hold.

18 A bulk cargo vessel having an inner skin, the lower portion of which forms a substantially horizontal double bottom on either side of the center line, then slopes upwardly and'outwardly toward the sides of the vessel, other portions of said skin extending downwardly and outwardly from the deck in proximity to the hatch coamings to the adjacent sides of the vessel, fore and aft water-tight diaphragms extending laterally from the lower edges of? the said upper sloping portions to the adjacent sides of the vessel," and up; ght trimming bulkheads whose height-"is le s than the distance between said skin and the deck disposed on opposite sides of the center line and extending lon itudinally in a fore and aft direcany desired length of the hold, the

tion for distance between said bulkheads being sulr stantially less than the width of the cargo hold.

19. A bulk cargovessel having an inner sk forming a false bottom, the inner skin above said false bottom sloping outwardly toward the sides of the vessel to bring the bottom at a lower level than the inner edges or sloping portions of said inner skin, and vertical trimming bulkheads extending longitudinally in a fore and aft direction for a: desired length of the hold on opposite sides described, longitudinally extending,vertical trimmingbulkheads whose height is less of the center line, extending in a fore and direction for any desired length ofthe hold,

said trimmingbulkheads being so located that they will'c'o'nfine and retain an ore or other densecargo in a spacersubstantially less than the width of the cargo hold, thereby elevating the centerof gravity of the cargo and facilitating loading, trimmingand dis charging'the' cargo, and at the same time safeguarding the cargo aga inst shifting in a seaway. i j: i

21. In avbulk cargo vesselojf the character than" the distance between the bottom otthe hold and the deck, located on opposite sides a'lt direction for any desired length ofthe hold, the distancebetween said trimming bulkheads being substantially'less than the" width of the cargo hold, saidbulkheads contributing with adj acentwalls of the'vessel to form openings atvor near the top of said trimming bulkheads through which a cargo oi": ordinary'bulkwill overflow into the "side spaces after the center space or spaces have been filled. l e

22'. In a bulk cargo vessel of the character described, longitudinally extending, vertical trimming bulkheads whose height is less than thedistance betweenthe bottom ofth'e hold and the deck, locatedon opposite sides oi the ,centerline extendingin atom and aft direction for anykle'sired'length of the hold, the transverse distance between. said trimming bulkheads being substantially less than the width of the cargo hold, said trimmingbulkheadscontributing to form openings at or near the bottom thereof, through which, after the cargo betweenthe trimming bulkheads has been discharged through the hatches, the cargoin the side spaces maybe v trimmedjto the center for discharge through the same hatches.

23. In a bulk cargo vessel of the character descrlbed, longitudinally extending, vertical trimming bulkheads on each side of, the center line extendingin a fore and aft direction for any desired length of the hold, the trans verse distance betweensaid trimmingbulkheads being substantially less than the width of the cargo hold, an inner skin, there being openlngs at or near the top of said trimming bulkheads through which a cargo of ordinary bulk will overflow into the side spaces after, the center space or spaces" have been filled and there being openings at or near the bottom of said trimming bulkheads through which, after the cargo'b'etween said trimming bulkheads has been discharged through the hatches, the cargo in the side spaces may be trimmedto the center for discharge through the same hatches.

24. In a bulk cargo vessel of the charac V ter described, afloor or a double bottom across the vessel, the space below said'fioor or'said double bottom being adapted for use-:as'void spacc', o'r as stowage space for, Y

cargo, for fuel, for liquid cargo, forliqu'id fuel. or'for water ballast, longitudinally exi tending, vertical trimming bulkheads whose height "is less thanthe distance between said floor andthe decklocated on opposite sides of the centerline extending in a fore and aft direction for any desired length of the hold, the transverse distance between said trimming bulkheads being substantially less than the widtliof'the cargo hold, there being openings at or near the top of "said trimming bulkheads through which afcargo of ordinary. bulk will overflow into 5; the side spaces after the center spac'aors'paces have been filled andthere being openings at or" near the bottom of said trimming bulkheads through which, alter the cargo between said trimming" bulkheads has been i dis-' charged through the hatches, the cargo in the side spaces maybe trimmed to the cen- 25, In a bulk cargo vesselof the character described, an lnner skin forming a floor {sit for dischargefthrough the same hatches. .100 i or a double bottom across the vessel, sub stantially horizontal on either side of they' centerlihasaid inner skincontiguous to I sjaid horizontal portion sloping f upwardly and outwardly to the sldes of the vessel, the space below said floor or said double bottom being adapted for one or more of the I following uses :as avoid space, or as stowage ,spacei or cargo, for fuel, for liquid cargo, lor llqdlCl ruel, or for water ballast,

longitudinally extending, vertical trimming bulkheads on opposite sides of the center line entending ina fore {and aft direction 'for any desired length of the hold, the distance between'said trimming bulkheads be ing substantially less than th'e widthofthe cargo,' hold,jthere being openings at or near the top of said trimming bulkheads through which a fcargoof ordinary bulk; will overflow into the side spaces after the centerspace or, spaceshave been filled and there being openings at or near the bottom of said trimming bulkheads through which, after the cargo between thesaid trimming"bulk heads has been discharged through the hatches, the cargo in the side spaces will trim bygravity tothe center tor discharge and the distance between said trimming bulkheads being less than the width of said 27; In a floating vessel of the character described, an inner skin having. its outer portions sloped upwardly. and longitudinally extending, ming bulkheads; located on oppositeside of the center line. the height of said bulkheads being less than the distance between said skin and the deck, the upper and lower portions of said bulkheads being fiared outwardly, and the distance between sald bulkheads being less than the Wl'Cltll of the cargo hold.

28. In a floating vessel. of the character described longitudinally extending, vertical,trimming bulkheads located on opposite sides of the center line and extending in substantial parallelism in a fore and aft direction, an inner skin, the height of said trimming bulkheads being less than the dis tance. between said skin and the deck and said trimming bulkheadsbeing flared outwardly at their upper and lower portions, and transverse bulkheads whose height is substantially co-extensive with the distance between said skin and deck.

29. In a floating vessel or" the character described, longitudinally extending, vertical, trimming bulkheads located on opposite sides of the center line, the height of said bulkheads being less than. the distance between the bottom of the hold and the deck. said-bulkheads being flared outwardly at their upper and lower portions. and transverse bulkheads. whose height issubstan'- tially co-extensive with the distance between the bottom f said hold and the deck, for

forming a plurality of cargo receiving spaces. V I

30. In a floating vessel of the character.

described, longitudinally extending, substantially vertical, trimming bulkheads, located 'onopposite sides of the center line andero tending fore and aft, the distance between said bulkheads, being less than the width of the cargo hold, and the height of said bulkheads being less than the distance between the deck and the bottom of the hold, whereby upper and lower openings are formed and transverse bulkheads 'whose height is greater than said trimming bulksubstantially vertical, trimgreatest depth.

heads whereby independent cargo receiving spaces are formed.

31. A floating vessel of the character described, provided with a cargo hold having a central space and wing spaces outboard thereof, upright trimming bulkheads intermediate said spaces, the latter being in communication at their tops and bottoms and the bottomsrof said wing spaces forming continuations of thebottom of said central space. a a 7 32. A floating vessel of the character described provided with a cargo hold having aicentral space and wing spaces outboard thereof, upright trimming bulkheads intermediate said spaces which are intercommunicating at. their upper portions and said wing spaces -being in free communication with said central space at substantially its Ina floating vessel of the character described, longitudinally extending upright trimming bulkheads dividing the cargo holds into a central hold'and two side holds, said holds communicating at their tops and bottoms and said bulkheads being spaced to insure a proper degree of 'stability,when the centralhold is fully loaded with 'a bulk cargo of a particular density. V

1 34. In a floating vessel of the character described, longitudinally extending, vertical trimming bulkheads dividing the cargo holds into a central hold and two side holds intercommunicating at their tops and hottoms, said bulkheads being. spaced to insure proper degree of stability, when the central hold is fully loaded with a bulk cargo of a particular density, and to insure substantially thesame degree of stability when the central and'side cargo holds are fully loaded with another bulk cargo of a particular density less than the density of said first mentioned bulk cargo. 1

35. In a bulk cargo carrier, trimming mlkheads flaring attheir upper and lower portions and contributing with the juxtaposed walls to "form trimming openings at their top and bottom.

36. In a bulk cargo carrier, trimming bulkheads contributing to form a central cargo space and wing spaces outboard thereof, intercommunicating at their tops and bottoms, the bulkheads being so spaced as to give the vessel the same stability when the central cargo space is fully loaded with a cargo of one density as when the central and wing spaces. are fullyloaded with a cargo of a materially less density than the' density of the first cargo, without rendering it necessary to employ ballast to insure the stability of the vessel. 7

. HUGO P. FREAR. lVitnesses:

V 1 S. A. WARYHUTZ,

A, B, BROWN,

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