US138736A - Improvement in heat-governors or draft-regulators - Google Patents

Description

F. E. CHATABD, Jr.

Heat Governors or Draft Begulatws r N0. 138,736, Pa tented May 13,1873.

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" rnn STATES PATENT QFFICE.

FERDINAND E. OHATARD, JR, OF BALTIMORE, MARYLAND.

I IMPROVEMENT IN HEAT-GOVERNORS OR DRAFT-REGULATORS- Specification forming part of Letters Patent No. 138,736, dated May 13, 1873; application filed February 13, 1873.

To all whom it may concern:

Beitknown that I, FERDINAND E. CHATARD, Jr., of Baltimore, in the county of Baltimore and State of Maryland, have invented certain Improvements in Draft-Regulators or Heat- Governors for Ovens, Stoves, and Hot-Air Furnaces, of which the following is a specification:

The first part of my invention relates to the draft-box, which is constructed of tin or other material, of suitable form and proper dimensions, according to the size of the furnace or stove. This box is open on the face, and divided interiorly ator near the center by a diaphragm, thus forming an upper and a lower compartment. The lower compartment is made to communicate by a pipe, or otherwise, with the ash box or pit of the oven, furnace, or stove, so as to furnish air beneath the fire; the upper compartment communicates by a pipe, or otherwise, with the dome of the oven, furnace, or stove, or with the smoke-pipe of the same, so as to send a current of air above the fire or directly into the smoke-pipe. The open face of the draft-box is provided with a suitable damper-plate, which can completely close the opening and prevent air entering either above or below the fire, or, by being placed in certain positions, permit air to enter either into the lower or upper compartments. The lower portion of the draft-box is provided interiorly with a curved metallic plate of the same curve as that described by the lower portion of the damper when moving within the box. By this means no air can pass into the lower compartment even when the damper has passed within and consider-- ably beyond the central line, which is the position of the damper when air is passing freely into the upper compartment and above the fire. The upper compartment is provided on its upper inside surface with a curved metallic plate nearly similar to the one just described, except that it follows the curve made by the upper portion of the damper in rotating, thus preventing air entering the upper compartment when the upper portion of the damper has passed within the center line, its position when admitting air into the lower compartment. It will thus be seen that while the damper is moving so as to allow free entrance of air into the lower compartment, the curved metallic plate of the upper compartment closely fitting to the upper portions of the damper prevents air entering above the fire; the lower curved plate acts similarly in preventing entrance of air into the lower compartment when the damper is moved, so as to send the draft above the fire. These upper and lower curved plates may be attached to the upper and lower edges of the damper instead of to the box, and will produce the same effects.

The second part of my invention relates to the motor, by which motion is communicated to the damper. It consists of a small cylindrical or other shaped chamber open above but closed below. In the center of this chamber from below upward, and nearly to the level of the top of the chamber, passes a tube which communicates at its lower part with a tube extending from and. communicating with a metallic airtight vessel hereinafter described. The space between the inside tube and the walls of the chamber is filled with mercury or other fluid. Over the inside tube is placed a bell or cylinder, open below but closed above, of somewhat less diameter than the inside of the outer chamber. From the upper portion of this bell passes a rod of glass or metal, on which is a rack to communicate its motion to a toothed quadrant or pinion on the axis of the damper. or other fluid is placed, in the outer chamber, nearly to the level of the inner tube, and the bell is placed in position, by forcing inside the bell, through the center tube, air or any, fluid motion upward, in the direction of the least resistance, is the result. Any other usual mode of converting rectilinear into circular motion may be used instead of the rack and pinion.

The third part of my invention relates to the construction and location of the vessel which furnishes the motive power to the motor just described. It consists of a simple or ornamented air-tight metallic tube or vessel, of proper size and convenient shape, which is placed within the hall, parlor, or any other convenient room of the house 'or within the oven. When the air or fluid within this tube or vessel becomes heated to a certain temper- When the mercury ature by the air of the room or oven, it necessarily expands, and this expansion is utilized by means of the motor hereinbefore described, or some equivalent device, to communicate motion to the damper, as above described.

The object and nature of this invention is to regulate or govern the temperature of a house, store, or building by connecting, by a suitable mechanism or motor, a draft bOX, which can, as required, supply air either above or below the fire of a furnace or stove, with a metallic air-tight vessel placed within any part of the building the temperature of which part may be considered a standard. The variations of temperature within this room or part of the building act upon the air within the metallic vessel, and the expansion or contraction resulting is employed, by means of the motor apparatus, to open or close the dampers.

In the working of this draft-regulator the expansion of the contents of the air-tight vessel or tube is first employed to cut off the draft below the fire by closing the open face of the lower compartment. Should the heat of the room or oven still increase beyond the standard temperature, all additional expansion will result in opening the upper compartment of the draft-box, and the draft will pass above the fire or directly into the smokepipe.

Description of Drawing.

Figure 1 is a side view of the draft-box A A, showing the pipes B and O--O communicatin g with the ash-box or below the fire, while B extends from the upper compartment to the smoke-pipe or above the fire. D is the motor, with the rod and rack E engaging the toothed pinion F on the axis of the damper. G is the pipe which extends from the motor D to the airtight vessel H, 'placed in a room of the house or in the oven. K is the damper-plate which serves to close the open face of the draft-box, and is here seen in position admitting air freely into the lower compartment 0 and pipe (3, Fig. 2. At the upper portion of the draft-box is seen a lever, L, with a movable weight, by which the downward pressure of the bell T, Fig. 3, is increased, and hence an increased power with proportional increase of temperature is required to move it upward, so as to cause the damper to close the lower compartment. Fig. 2 is a vertical section through the draft-box, showing the diaphragm M, which divides the interior into an upper and a lower compartment N and O; the damper K in position admitting air into 0, no air can enter the upper compartment N, owing to the upper curved plate I closely fitting the upper edge of the damper. R is the lower curved plate. Fig. 3 is a vertical section of the mo tor D and metallic air-tight vessel H, seen in Fig. l; the tube G, which forms the communication between the bell T and the vessel H, is likewise shown.

In the operation of this heat-governor or draft-regulator, the metallic air-vessel is filled with air, at a given temperature, and then placed in that part of the building the temperature of which is to govern or regulate the degree of heat of the hot-air chamber of the furnace or stove which is employed to warm the building; for, if the temperature of this part varies according to changes in the outside atmosphere, it is evident that the variations of temperature of the hot-air chamber should correspond. The variations of temperature in the place where the air-vessel is situated must produce either expansion or contraction of air within the vessel, and this expansion or contraction causes an upward or downward movement of the bell or inverted cylinder of the motor apparatus, for the two are in communication through afine tube. The upward motion, the result of expansion or increase of temperature, causes the damper to move so as to open communication between the upper compartment of the draft-box and the outside air, allowing the draft to enter above the fire. The downward motion, the result of contraction or diminished temperature, opens the lower compartment and permits the draft to enter below the fire. Thus the variations of temperature acting on the metallic air-vessel are recorded at the draftbox by the opening or closing of draft; and, as a result, the temperature of the hot-air chamber of the furnace or stove is governed, and can never vary much from the proper degree of heat required to keep the building at a fixed point of temperature.

I claim as my invention- 1. The draft-box AA with its two compartments N and O, and damper-plate K, when constructed and arranged to operate as hereinbefore set forth.

2. The motor D with its bell T and pipe G, when constructed and arranged to operate as hereinbefore set forth.

.3. A metallic air-tight tube or vessel, H, when placed within the oven or within any of the rooms of a building to be kept at a standard temperature,-which tube or vessel, by the expansion of its contents, communicates motion by suitable device, substantially as set forth, to a damper to regulate the draft and heat of an oven, furnace, or stove.

FERDINAND E. GHATARD, J R.

Witnesses:

S. A. MORSE, GEO. M. CAFFRAY.

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