US1381728A - Abrasive composition - Google Patents

Description

' UNITED STATE PATENT OFFICE.

aosnrn A. unmmn. or. snarrrn, wnsnmc'ron.

ABRASIVE COLlIIOSITION.

1,381,728. a No Drawing. Application filed April 29 To all w/wm'z't may concern:

Be it known that I, JosEPH A. "MENARD, a citizen of the-United State's, residing at Seattle, in the county of King and State of Washington, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Abrasive Composi- I tions, of which the following isa specification.

This invention pertainsv to compositions. of abrasive character for grindin or lapping, polishing or finishingmetal ic bodies and surfaces generally, and has for its primary purpose the grinding, lapping or finishing of journals, bearings, slides, ways, valve seats and plugs, and the'like,-to produce a fine working fit, to redu'ceto a miniof the invention resides in the production of a composition which, when first "applied to or introduced between surfaces or bodies,

one or both of which it is desired to bring to a high degree of finish, shall, upon relative movement of such bodies, have a grind.-

ing or abradin action or effect, but which,

under continue rubbing or workin of the opposed surfaces, shall lose its a rading qualities and become a measurably efficient" lubricant.

, It is desirable that the composition be of stable character. so'that it may be kept in stock or on hand, be shipped long distances or subjected to varying climatic conditions, without undergoing change, yet be ready, or capable of being made read at short notice, for application and use. 0 this end TI first form a base, comprising the dry-elements. or ingredients of the composition, which are combined and thoroughly comled, and at the time ofor just beforeapp ication and use of the composition, I add to this base a suitable liquid or semilubricant, preferably a lubricating or of good ualit an appropriate case. or .water.' T he a dition of the liquid'ele ment 'orvehicle should not, however, .be

ptfiflcation or Letters Patent. Patented June 14;, 192 1.

made until near the time of use, because the abrading properties of the composition would in such case'be reduced or impaired, and the attainment of the desired result rendered uncertain or improbable.

As the composition is to be used for the finishing of various metals and alloys which differ widely in character, and of parts used under differing working conditions or in different relations, the composition will advisably be made to vary more or less as to theingredients used, as to the relative proportions thereof, and as to the relative fineness of the abrasive ingredient; butthere are certain ingredients that are deemed essential,

andcertain limits within which the proportions of these-should be kept. These variations and limits will be pointed out as the description proceeds.

For the base the following ingredients are deemed essential and will, without addition other than the liquid element, give good results, to wit: potassium, carbonate or -sul-' fate of lead, sodium, and an abrasive, whichlatter may be any one or more of various substances'of the'calciumgroup, as marble, limestone, onyx, etc; or ofthe silicon group, as porphyry, trachyte, quartz, flint, sandstone, or the like; or silicates, natural or artificial, such as fluorspar, feldspar, fluorid, sand or glass. Combinations of materialsfrom different groups may be used.

Such abrasive substance should, before inclusion in the base, 'be reduced by crushing,

grinding, trituration, or other usual method, to a .granular or pulverulent condition, coarser or finer according to the character of the metal of alloy and the place and manner of use, of the part or body to be treated.

In practice I have used the abrasive material of such dimensions as will pass through screens varying from 40 to 200 mesh to the square inch, and this range I deem'deslrable to cover the various appllcations and uses of the composition.

Carborundum and emery do not break down'or work out in use, but continue tdcut or abrade so long aspresent,

and "hence are liable to injure instead of properly finishing the metal-surfaces if any portion of suchjabrasive remain in contact with the bearing or wearing surface.

' In addition to the ingredients above named I find it at times advantageous to includem are unsuitable abrasives for use in the composition, as theythe base mixture, carbon in pulverulent form, as for instance, lamp black, graphite,

' or iron oxid, or 'anyone or more of these.

' position so that it contrasts stronglywith the metallic body or surface under treatment,

. and makes more evident to the eye the effect and progress of the work or treatment.

The office of the sodium is to assist in producing the soapy mixture, and'in breaking down or neutralizing the cutting. properties of the abrasive element or ingredient under the continued rubbing action.

Iron oxid, of which but a very small quantity is used, if any, tends to givea smooth- .ness to and to improve the action of, the composition. The reason for or the theory of its action has not been clearly ascertained, but its stated effect has been-noted.

The preferred base or dry composition consists of the following ingredients in the proportions, by weight, stated: potash, from 5,} of 1% to 3% of the total dry mixture ;"lead carbonate or lead sulfate, from 5% to 30%;

- sodium, from i of 1% to 2%%; abrasive material of the character indicated, from 30% to 92%. If lamp black be employed it should be in the proportion of from 8% to 12% of the total dry mixture, and if iron oxid be added, it should constitute from 1 of 1% to 1%% of such dry mixture. I

These as above indicated, constitute the dry base to which is added, preparatory to application and use, a liquid or semi-liquid lubricant, or' water, which may widely vary in amount, say from 25% to 500% in bulk, additional'or asrelatedto the dry base. In other words, such lubricant should be equal in bulk to from one-quarter to five times the bulk of the dry ingredients. Such liquid ingredient will preferably bea lubricating oil of good quality,.lighter or heavier and of greater or less viscosity according to the character of the metal or alloy treated, the

mass and weightof the parts, and-=similar considerations, such as would ordinarily determine the selection of a lubricating oil or grease in the particular situation. Lard oil is preferred, but any medium bodied engine oil will answer well. Water likewise gives quite satisfactory results in, the treatment of some metals and alloys.

As above pointed out, the lamp black and iron oxidmay, either or both, be'used or omitted at will. The comp sition is deemed better with than without them, but they are not nor is either of them, essential. They are to be regarded rather as refinements than as necessary ingredients. The same is true as to graphite a .The choice of abrasive material is dependent in a measure upon the character of the metal 'or alloy to be treated. Thus for Babbitt metal, as also for brass or bronze bearings, an abrasive in the calcium or the silicate group is deemed advisable, silicates being preferred and crushed or pulverized glass serving quite well. For brass valve seats or plugs the abrasive may be of the silicon group, preferably trachyte.

The composition is also found highly eflicient for removing rust, as for instance from the barrels of guns, both large and small, pistons, cylinders, and other moving parts of machinery, the abrasive in such case being preferably of the silicate group. It is likewise found admirably suited to the finishing of engine pistons and cylinders while on the block, particularly high speed engines in which the crankcase forms an oil recep-.

tacle. As placed upon the block the cylinders and pistons of engines,"pumps, and like machines, have relatively rough or rawsurfaces which in the testing and working downto commercial shape are very liable to becomescored, and to entail a-quite considerable percentage of loss. By introducing the dry composition into the oil in the crank caSe ,of such high speed engines, or with oil, grease, or water, into the cylinders and bearings of engines, pumps, and similar structures, it is taken up by the liquid or semi-liquid element and distributed over the moving surfaces, where'under the continued movement and-rubbing of the opposed parts,

it polishes the surfaces to a highfinish and produces the necessary glaze which for actual use should be given to .the moving surfaces. In this'way the work is automaticallyor mechanically performed, and with a degree of accuracy diflicult or impossible of attainment by any other known means.

As above explained, the effect of the continued rubbing of the con ipos'ition is to produce a soapy mixture. his, owing to its peculiar character and properties, gradually and in a measure breaks down the abrasive particles, and ultimately coats any which remain between the opposing surfaces so.

that theylose their cutting power or ca pacity. As a consequence, the composition may be permitted to remain between the surfaces to which it is applied where,- owing to the change which takes place through the continued rubbing, it is converted into and serves as a lubricant, any particles of the abrading material which may remain between said surfaces being rendered inert or incapable of cutting, and being ultimately carried oil? by the flooding action of the oil or other lubricant from time to time supplied to the Wearing surfaces in the regular use of the machine or device. The composition may, however, be removed when the grinding or finishing action has been carried to the desired point, and such Wlll bea common procedure though not necessarily a universal one. Gasolene, kerosene; or any similar agent may be employed for such removal.

The sodium may be used in the form of carbonate, bicarbonate. hydrate, or other.

The potassium is best employed in the form of an oxid, a carbonate, or a sulfate.

Having thus described my invention what I claim is 1. A composition of matter comprising in substantially the proportions stated, po tassium, lead, sodium, an abrasive, and a suitable vehicle, such composition possessing initially, cutting or abradln properties, but convertible through a rub ingaction beborate, bi-borate,

tween opposed parts movable relatively one to the other, into a lubricating mixture.

2. A dry base for an abrading composition, comprising in substantially the proportions and forms stated, potash, lead, sodium, and an abrasive substance in finely comminuted form.

3. A dry base for abrading compositions, comprising in substantially the proportions and forms stated, potassium, lead, sodium, lamp black, graphite and iron oxid, and an abrasive substance in finely divided form, said ingredients being intimately commingled.

4. An abrading composition comprising in substantially the proportions and forms stated, potash, a lead compound, sodium, an abrasive material in finely comminuted form, and a lubricant serving as a vehicle for the other ingredients.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

JOSEPH A. MENARD.