US1380696A - Motor-controller - Google Patents

Description

c.-w. YERGER. MOTOR CONTROLLER.

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 23, 1919- 1,3 0, 9 PatentedJune 7, 1921.

INVENTOR. @mm W Ly- W.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.-

CHARLES W. YERGER, or MILWAUKEE, WIsoo sIN, AssIeNoR TO THE CUTLER- HAMMER MFG. co., OF MILWAUKEE, WIscONsIN, A CORPORATION OF WIs- CONSIN'.

MOTOR-CONTROLLER.

Specification of Letters raten'c.

Patented June 7, 1921.

Application filed. June 23, 1919. Serial No. 305,968.

T 0 all w 7mm it may concern Be it known that 1, CHARLES W. YERGER, a citizen-of the United States, residing at Milwaukee, in the county of Milwaukee and have invented new and State of lVisconsin, useful Improvements in Motor-Controllers,

of which the following is a full, clear, concise, and exact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming a part of this specification.

This invention relates to motor controllers.

In my copending application filed February 28, 1919, Seri 1- No. 279,670, is disclosed a method of resistance control together with certain forms of apparatus designed for operation in accordance therewith. Such method embraces the employment of resistance sections of appropriate ohmic value and capacity for utilizationof such sections in series, subsequent exclusion of certain of said sections, and later reinclusion of an excluded section or sections in parallelwith the section retainedin circuit, or vice versa, whereby a given number of resistance sections and control switches therefor are adapted to provide an increasednumber of resistance gradations.

The present invention has among its objectsthat of providing other advanta eous controllers for carrying out the aforestated method.

Another object is that of providing a reversing controller for carrying out the aforestat-ed method.

Another object is. that of providing a series relay controller for carrying out the aforestated method;

Various other objects and advantages of the invent-ion will hereinafter appear.

In the accompanying drawing wherein are illustrated certain embodiments of. the invention, v

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view illustrating a non-reversing series relay controller;

Fig. Zis a similarview illustrating a reversing series relay controller; and,

Fig. 3 is a similar view illustrating a modified form of reversing controller.

Referring to Fig. 1, the resistance to be controlled, which comprises sections It, R and R is utilized as the starting resistance of a series motor M, which, however, may obviously be substituted by shunt or compound wound motor, if desired. Said resistance sections are controllable by a series of .electro-responsive switches 1 to 4 inclusive, response of said switches being subject to delay by SGIIGS' relays 5 to- 9 inclusive, or by other appropriate means for introducing a t me element. Relay 9 is of special construction being adaptedto close atapproximately tWO-i3l11FClS the current value at which the other relays are adapted to respond. Coordination of the electro-responsive switches 1s effected by means of auxiliary contacts thereof, the automatic action of the controller being respectively initiated and terminated by means of a starting push button 10 and a stop button 11.

According to the method of control exemplified 1n this figure, the motor circuit is initially completed through the resistance ford six resistance gradations of the controlled circuit.

The arrangement of the various control circuits is such that uponactuation of-the starting push button 10 switches 1 to 4 are adapted to close progressively in their numerical order. Moreover upon closure of switch 3, switches 1 and 2 are adapted to open and following closure of switch 4 said switches 1 and 2 are again adapted to close progressively, the foregoing action of said switches being in each instance subject to delay by the action of a seriesrelay. 1 Furthermore upon actuation ofthe stop button 11 the energizingv circuit of any switch or switches which may at that time be closed is interrupted thereby terminating the aforedescribed automatic action if in progress and also effecting deenergization of the motor circuit.

Closure of switch 1 is adapted to complete circuit from line L by conductor 12 through said switch, thence by conductor 13 through the winding of series relay 6, thence by conductor 14 through resistance R, by conductors 15 and 16 through the winding of series relay 7, by conductors 17 through resistance R by conductor 18 through the winding of connections extending series relay 8, by conductor 19 through resistance R thence by conductors 20 and 21 through motor armature M and its series field F, and to'line L. Closure of switch 2 completes circuit from line L by conductors 12, 22 and 23 through said switch to conductor 16 and thence through resistances R and R and through the motor and field to line L, as formerly traced, resistance B being thus excluded from the motor circuit. Closure of switch 3 completes circuit from conductor 22, as last traced, through said switch 3, by conductor 24 through the windas last traced, thence by conductor 18 through resistance R in the reverse direction, by conductor 17 through the winding of relay 7, by conductors 16, 15 and 27 through switch 4, by conductor 28 to conductor 21 and thence through the motor to line L as last traced.

Reclosure of switch 1 at this time does not'directly affect the circuits last traced but serves to connect resistance R in parallel with resistances R and R by connections extending from line L by conductor '12 through said switch 1, thence by conductor 13 through the winding 01" series relay 6, thence by conductor 14 through resistance It to conductor 27 and thence through the motor to line L as formerly traced. Y

Reclosure of switch 2 at this stage serves to connect the motor directly across the line exclusive of all the resistances, by circuit from line L by conductors 12, 22 and 23 through said switch 2, thence by conductors 15 and 27 through switch 4, thence by conductors 28 and 21 through the motor and field to line L.

. The. control circuits, utilized to efiect the aforedescribed operation of the electro-responsive switches automatically may be traced as follows: Closure of the starting button 10 completes the energizing circuit of switch 1 from line L by conductors 29 and 30 through said. button 10, thence by conductor 31 through the winding of switch 1, thence by conductor 32 through relay 5, the winding of which obviously is unenergized, by conductors 33 and 34 to and through the stop button 11 and thence to line L. Said switch upon closure main tains itself by circuit connections extending from line L by conductors 29 and 30 through auxiliary contacts 1 of said switch, thence by conductor 35 through the winding of said switch and thence to line L as last traced.

Closure of switch 1 also completes the energizing circuit of switch 2, said circult extending from line L by conductors 29 and 30 through auxiliary contacts 1 of switch 1, thence by conductor 36 through the winding of switch 2, by conductor 37 through series relay 6, thence by conductor 38 through series relay 9, the winding of which is unenergized, thence by conductor 34 through the stop button to line L.

Switch 2 thereupon closes subject to'delay by the action of series relay 6.

Closure of switch 2 completes the energizing circuit of switch 3, said circuit extending from line L by conductors 29 and 39 through the auxiliary contacts of switch 2, thence by conchictors 40 and 41 through the windinpof switch 3, by conductor 42 through series relay 7, thence by conductors 43 and 34 through the stop button to line L. Switch 3 thereupon closes subject to delay through the action of series relay 7. Said switch 3 upon closure establishes a maintaining circuit for itself from line L by conductors 29 and 44 through auxiliary contacts 3 of said switch, thence by con ductors 45 and 41 through the winding of said switch and thence to line L as last traced.

Immediately upon closure of switch 3, the winding of series relays 5 and 9 are energized whereupon said relays open, the former serving to interrupt the maintaining circuit of switch 1 which thereupon opens, whereas opening of the latter relay serves to interrupt the energizing circuit of switch 2, which circuit is also interrupted at another point upon opening of switch 1, where by said switch 2 is also adapted to open.

Closure of switch .3 further serves to com- )lete the ener izin circuit of switch 4,

which circuit extends from line L by conductors 29 and 44 through auxiliary con tacts 3 of switch 3, thence by conductor 46 through the winding of switch 4, by conducl tor 47 through series relay 8, thence by conductor 48 through the stop button to line Switch 4 thereupon closes subject to delay by the action of series relay 8 and remains closed so long as switch 3 is retained in closed position.

Closure of switch 4 also serves to complete an energizlng circuit for effecting reclesure vof switch 1, said circuit extending from line L by conductor 29 through the auxiliary contacts of switch 4, thence by conductors 49 and 35 through the winding of switch 1, and thence through relay 5 and the stop button to line L as formerly traced. Switch 1 thereupon closes subject to delay through vided with tion, circuit is the action of relay 5 and upon closure maintains itself and establishes an energizing CH'F cuit for effecting reclosure of switch 2', all

by means of the circuit connections 'aforedescribed.

Upon the. second closure of switch 2 the relay 6 which governs the earlier closure thereof is connected in a shunt circuit and thus being subjected to only a portion of the total motor current is unada-pted to act. However, series relay 9, which as aforestated, is of a special type adapted to close at approximately two-thirds of the closing current value of the motor relays, is now connected in a shunt circuit carrying approximately such proportion of the motor current, whereby said relay 9 is adaptedto effect suitable retardation of'the closure of switch 2.

Thus closure and reclosure of the various switches in the proper sequence is insured and in each instance such to suitable series relay control.

In the construction illustrated in Fig. '2, the resistances R, R and R are utilized as the starting resistance of a reversible motor M, the circuit of the latter being proelectro-rcsponsive reversing switches and 51 adapted when open to disconnect the motor armature from the line. Electro-responsive switches 52 and 55 inclusive, subjected to control by series relays 56 to 60 inclusive, are provided for effecting commutation of said resistances in a manner precisely similar to that aforedescribed, said resistance switches obviously serving when open to disconnect all the resistances and relay winding from the line. In this instance, control of the electro-responsive switches, including the reversing switches 50 and 51 is effected by means of a master drum controller D, suitable interlocks being provided for insuring that energization of the windings of said switches occur only in the proper sequence. The circuitconnections effected by the various resistance switches are identical with those described in conjunction with Fig. 1, while those effected by the reversing switches are sufiiciently obvious.

The control circuits may be described-as follows: Upon movement of the drum controller to the left to its first running posiestablishcd from line L by conductor 61 through segments aof the drum, thence by conductor 62' through the winding of reversing switch 50 and thence by conductor 63 to line L. Owing to prolongation of the segments a, the aforedescribed circuit remains uninterrupted pending return of the drum to off position; Said reversing switch thereupon closes connecting the motor armature through series field to line L. At the same time, circuit is established from line L. as formerly traced action issu-bjected d thereof by toand through the drum segment b, thence by conductor 64: through the winding .of switch '52, thence by conductor -65 through seriesrelay 56, the winding 'of which is unenergized, and by conductors 66 and 67 to line L; Said switch thereupon closes completing the motor circuit through. all the resistance sections in series.

Upon-movement of the drum to its second position, circuit is established from line L to segment 0, thence by conductor 68 through the winding of switch 53, thence by conductor 69 through series relay: 57', by conductor 70 through series relay 60, which is. unenergized, by conductor 71 through the auxiliary contacts of switch 52, which is now closed, and thence by conductor 67 'to line L. Switch 53 thereupon closes subject to delay by the action of series relay .57. Also, since the energizing circuit of this switch passes through the up contacts of'the switch 52, closure of said former switch is necessarily dependent unon prior closure of said latter switch.

Upon movement of the drum. to its third position, circuit is established from segment condutor 72 through the winding of switch 54:, thencie by conductor 7 3 through series relay 58, by conductors74: and 7 5 through the auxiliary contacts: of switch 53'and' thence by conductors 76' and .617 to line L. Switch 54 is thereupon adapted toclose subject: to delay by the action of series relay 5,8, closure ofthis switch also, being dependent upon prior closure of the preceding switch for --reasons h'ereinbefore explained. Closure of switch 5& further-' more, establishes a maintaining circuitfor itself, said circuit extending to and through series relay 58 as formerly traced, thence by conductors 74 and 7 5 through the lower auxiliary; contacts of said switch and by conductors 77. and 67 to line L. I

Movement of the drum to its fourth position completes circuit from segment 0 thereof by conductor 78 through the winding of switch 55, thence by conductor 79 through series relay 59, by conductor 80 through the upper auxiliary contacts of switch 5 f-thence by conductors 81 and 67 to line-L; Switch '55 is'thereupon adapted to close subject to delay by the action of relay 59, such closure being also dependent upon prior closure of the switch 54. Also, upon movement of the drum to its fourth position, theenergizing circuits of switches 52and' 53;;are interrupted owing to termination of the drum segments controlling said circuits respectively, whereby said switches are adapted toopen. Switch 54, however, is retained closed through its maintaining circuit aforedescribed. L

. =Movementof the drum-t0 its fifth position completes circuit from'segment fthereof by conductor 64; through. th

Winding of 1 switch 52, as formerly traced, whereupon said switch is adapted to reclose subject, however, to delay through the action of series relay 56, the winding of which is at this time energizedp Movement of the drum to its sixth position completes circuit from segment 9 through the winding of switch 53, as formerly'traced, whereupon said switch is adapted to reclose subject to delay by the action of series relay 57, the winding of which is energized owing to prior closure of switch 52.

Since obviously the drum may be held in any of the aforementioned positions, this manently connected with line ductor '88 to line L construction provides for continuous running of the motor at any one of six-acceleration points whereas step by step return movement of the drum from its sixthposition'serves to effect deceleration and final deenergization of the motorin a like number of steps, while rapid and continuous return movement would serve-to effect practically immediate stopping of the motor.

Movement of the drum to the right from the off position illustrated serves to effect precisely similar circuit connections except that in this instance reversing switch 51 is energized, and upon closure serves to connect the motor armature in circuit in a sense 01)- posite to that aforedescribed. I

The construction illustrated in Fig. 3

is in general similar to that last described except that the first resistance varying switch and the series relays have I been omitted, the master drum and the control circuits being correspondingly modified. In this instance, the resistance sections are per- L, the reversing switches being adapted to act as line switches for controlling the line connections of the motor armature. This construction affords five resistance gradations by means of three resistance sections and three control switches therefor.

The circuit connections controlled by the master controller being obviously similar to the corresponding connections last described, only the circuits controlled by the reversing and resistance varying switches will be here inafter traced.

Closure of either reversing switch serves to complete the motor circuit through the resistance sections R, R and R in series. Subsequent closure of switch 82 servesv to exclude resistance section B by circuit connections extending from line L by conductors 83 and 84 through said switch, thence by conductor 85 to line L as last traced. Closure of switch 86 serves similarly to exclude resistance R by connections extending from line L by conductors 83, 84 and 87 through said switch, thence by conas formerly traced. Switch 82 is adapted to open at this point, which action, however, does not affect the through resistance R, thence by conductors 90, 85 and 91 through said switch and by conductor 92 to line L as formerly traced. Subsequent reclosure of switch 82 serves to shortcircuit all of the series resistance by circuitconnections extending from line L by conductors 83 and 84 through said switch 82,-thence by conductors 85 and 91 throu h switch 89 and by conductor '92 to line L as formerly traced.

. What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

,1. In a controller for electriemotors, the combination with a plurality of resistance sections adapted to be connected in series in the motor circuit, of a plurality of electroresponsive switches adapted to'short circuit certain of said sections progressively while maintaining other of said sections in circuit, thereafter to reinc'lude certain of said excluded sections in parallel with the section or sections retained in circuit, and finally to exclude all of said sections, and control means for said switches, including interlocks providing for operation thereof only in a predetermined sequence, for effecting the aforestated functions.

2. In a controller for electric motors,the combination with a plurality of resistance sections adapted to be connected in series in the motor circuit, of a plurality of electro-responsive switches governing the circuit.connections of said resistances and control means for said switches including interlocks, for effecting progressive closure of said switches together with opening and reclosure of certain thereof in a predetermined sequence for effecting progressive series parallel commutation and final short circuiting of said resistance sections while maintaining continuity of the motor circuit.

3. In a controller for electric motors, the combination'with a plurality of resistance sections adapted to be connected in series in the motor circuit, of a plurality of electroresponsive' switches "governing the circuit connections of said resistances and control means for said switches including interlocks, for effecting progressive closure of said switches together with opening and reclosure of certain thereof in a predetermined plurality of switches adapted to effect series parallel commutation of said resistance sections with respect to said circuit, means to act upon said switches for effecting operation thereof in a progressive cycle for effecting the aforementioned functions, and individual means subjecting the action of each of said switches to automatic control in accordance with the electrical conditions of said circuit.

5. In a motor controller, the combination with a plurality of resistance sections, of electro-responsive control switches to effect series and parallel commutations of said resistance sections, each of a plurality of said sponsive switches being responsive for series commutations and again responsive for parallel communtations, individual series relays for a plurality of said switches, including those which are twice responsive, to time the response of each of said switches in accordance with the electrical condition of the motor circuit and circuit connections for said relays insuring against interference thereof with continued energization of the switches controlled thereby.

6. In a motor controller, the combination with a plurality of resistance sections, of electro-responsive switches to effect series parallel commutations of said resistance sec tions, certain of said switches being responsive for series commutations and again responsive for parallel commutations and individual series relays for certain of said switches to time the response thereof in accordance with the electrical condition of the controlled circuit, certain'of said twice reswitches having associated therewith separate series relays for respectively timing the response thereof for different circuit commutations.

7. In a motor controller, the combination with a plurality of resistance sections, of electro-responsive switches to effect series and parallel commutations of said resistance sections, each of a plurality of said switches being responsive for series commutation and again responsive for parallel commutation, interlocks for said switches insuring against response thereof except in a definite sequence, individual series relays for a plurality of said switches to time the response thereof in accordance with the electrical conditions of the controlled circuit and circuit connections for said relays rendering each unresponsive while the switch controlled thereby is energized.

8. In a reversing controller for electric motors, the combination with means for selecting circuit connections for the motor in opposite senses to provide for operation thereof in opposite directions, of a plurality of resistance sections adapted to be connected in the motor circuit, a plurality of electro-responsive switches governing the circuit connections of said resistances, said switches being provided with interlocks to prevent op eration thereof except in a predetermined sequence and being further provided with series relays for timing the response thereof in accordance with electrical conditions of the motor circuit, certain of said switches being adapted to control continuity of the motor circuit, and a master controller for said reversing means and said switches jointly to effect selection of circuit connections by the former and predetermined sequential action of the latter for effecting progressive series parallel commutation of said resistance sections with respect to the motor circuit.

9. In a reversing controller for electric motors, the combination with means for selecting circuit connections for the motor in opposite senses to provide for operation thereof in opposite directions, of a plurality of resistance sections adapted to be connected in the motor circuit, a plurality of electro-responsive switches governing the circuit connection of said resistances, said switches being provided with interlocks to prevent operation thereof except in a predetermined sequence and being further provided with series relays for timing the response thereof in accordance with electrical conditions of the motor circuit, certain of said switches being adapted to control continuity of the motor circuit, and a master controller for said reversing means and said switches jointly to effect selection of circuit connections by the former and predetermined progressive action of the latter for effecting completion of the motor circuit through said resistances in series, progressive series parallel commutation and final exclusion of said resistance sections and interruption of the motor circuit.

10. In a reversing controller for electric motors, the combination with a plurality of resistance sections adapted to be connected in the motor circuit, of reversing switches adapted to control the continuity of the motor circuit for motor operation in either direction, electro-responsive switches governing the circuit connections of said resistance sections, said switches being provided with interlocks to insure operation thereof only in a predetermined sequence and a master controller for said reversing and resistance switches for effecting completion of the motor circuit in either direction selectively by said reversing switches and subsequent progressive series parallel commuta tion of said resistance sections and final short circuiting thereof by said resistance switches while maintaining continuity of the motor circuit.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my nam e CHARLES W. YERGER.

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