US1372290A - Composition for coating aluminum and process of making same - Google Patents
Composition for coating aluminum and process of making same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US1372290A US1372290A US763736A US1913763736A US1372290A US 1372290 A US1372290 A US 1372290A US 763736 A US763736 A US 763736A US 1913763736 A US1913763736 A US 1913763736A US 1372290 A US1372290 A US 1372290A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- copper
- sulfate
- coating
- composition
- aluminum
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 title description 22
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 title description 21
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 16
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 13
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 3
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012612 commercial material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000382509 Vania Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 for instance Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012047 saturated solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/38—Coating with copper
Definitions
- My invention relates to a method and means for providing articles of aluminum with an adherent coating of copper. It is the object of my invention to provide aluininum with a coating of copper which may be used as the basis for coatings of other metals, for instance, gold, silver, and nickel, which may be applied by ordinary methods of plating, electrically and otherwise, as if the articles were of solid copper.
- the articles to be coated should first be cleaned, mechanically of chemically, and are then immersed in an aqueous solution which is preferably formed by mixing two aqueous solutions which are previously separately formed as follows
- Solution A is formed by adding to six volumes of water, one volume of C. P. sulfuric acid; then adding sufficient copper sulfate to saturate the dilute sulfuric acid aforesaid; then adding sufficient zinc sulfate to saturate the mixture aforesaid.
- said acid solution will dissolve about sixteen times as much copper sulfate as zinc sulfate and the saturated solution should be decanted from any undissolved residue.
- Solution B is formed by first making an aqueous solution ofzinc sulfate. With the commercial materials which I have employed, one ounce of zinc sulfate is sufficient for eight ounces of water. To this I add iron sulfate in the proportion of one quarter ounce to each ounce of zinc sulfate.
- the coating bath is made by mixing said
- the deposition of the copper is accelerated by the employment of an electric current; but if deposited too rapidly the coating is spongy, friable and consequently worthless.
- the coating of copper alloys with and is inseparable from the aluminum so that aluminum thus coated may be brazed or soldered like copper. For instance, with a current of eighteen-amperes per square foot, such a coating may be deposited at the rate of one pound per square foot per' day upon large smooth surfaces, but deposits upon rough or irregular surfaces should be effected at a slower rate to insure such a coating.
- metallic copper may be deposited from such solutions upon aluminum, but such a copper coating is spongy and flakes off if the aluminum be flexed.
- the zinc sulfate has the effect of rendering the coating dense and adherent.
- the iron sulfate has the effect of increasing the rapidity of de osition and the cohesion of the copper. owever, the coating is rendered black if too much iron sulfate is contained in the bath.
- the acid aforesaid has the effect of increasing the rapidity of dep osition of the copper, but if too much acid is included in the bath the coating is rendered spongy and friable.
- the coating materials aforesaid may be reduced to solid form by evaporating the respective solutions, A and B, to dryness; the residue being crystals from which a plating bath may be formed by the addition of the proper volume of water.
- a composition for coating aluminum with copper formed by adding to six volumes of water one volume of sulfuric. acid and saturating the same first with copper sulfate and then with zinc sulfate; adding iron sulfate to an aqueous solution of zinc. sulfate; and mixing said two solutions in the proportions of one-third of the former to two-thirds of the latter.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Description
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
RICHARD HURLEY, 0F PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO ARTHUR E. PAIGE, OF PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.
COMPOSITION FOR COATING ALUMINUM AND PROCESS OF MAKING SAME.
Specification of Letters Patent.
Patented Mar. 22, 1921.
No Drawing. Application filed April 26, 1913, Serial No. 763,736. Renewed July 7, 1919. Serial No. 309,181.
To all whom it may concern.
lie it known that I, RICHARD HURLEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Philadelphia, in the State of Pennsylvania,
have invented a certainnew and useful Improvement in Compositions for Coating Aluminum and Processes of Making Same, whereof the following is a specification.
My invention relates to a method and means for providing articles of aluminum with an adherent coating of copper. It is the object of my invention to provide aluininum with a coating of copper which may be used as the basis for coatings of other metals, for instance, gold, silver, and nickel, which may be applied by ordinary methods of plating, electrically and otherwise, as if the articles were of solid copper.
In practising my invention, the articles to be coated should first be cleaned, mechanically of chemically, and are then immersed in an aqueous solution which is preferably formed by mixing two aqueous solutions which are previously separately formed as follows Solution A is formed by adding to six volumes of water, one volume of C. P. sulfuric acid; then adding sufficient copper sulfate to saturate the dilute sulfuric acid aforesaid; then adding sufficient zinc sulfate to saturate the mixture aforesaid. With the commercial materials, which I have employed, said acid solution will dissolve about sixteen times as much copper sulfate as zinc sulfate and the saturated solution should be decanted from any undissolved residue.
Solution B is formed by first making an aqueous solution ofzinc sulfate. With the commercial materials which I have employed, one ounce of zinc sulfate is sufficient for eight ounces of water. To this I add iron sulfate in the proportion of one quarter ounce to each ounce of zinc sulfate.
solutions A and B in the proportions of one third of the former and two thirds'of the latter. Upon immersing articles of alurnipum in such a bath an adherent coating of metallic copper is deposited thereon,
without the employment of an electric current; acoating as thick as ordinary copper electroplating being thus deposited in approx1mate1y three quarters of an hour.
The coating bathis made by mixing said However, the deposition of the copper is accelerated by the employment of an electric current; but if deposited too rapidly the coating is spongy, friable and consequently worthless. However, under proper conditions the coating of copper alloys with and is inseparable from the aluminum, so that aluminum thus coated may be brazed or soldered like copper. For instance, with a current of eighteen-amperes per square foot, such a coating may be deposited at the rate of one pound per square foot per' day upon large smooth surfaces, but deposits upon rough or irregular surfaces should be effected at a slower rate to insure such a coating.
It may be observed that if zinc sulfate is omitted from the solutions above contemplated, metallic copper may be deposited from such solutions upon aluminum, but such a copper coating is spongy and flakes off if the aluminum be flexed. In other words, the zinc sulfate has the effect of rendering the coating dense and adherent. The iron sulfate has the effect of increasing the rapidity of de osition and the cohesion of the copper. owever, the coating is rendered black if too much iron sulfate is contained in the bath. The acid aforesaid has the effect of increasing the rapidity of dep osition of the copper, but if too much acid is included in the bath the coating is rendered spongy and friable.
The coating materials aforesaid may be reduced to solid form by evaporating the respective solutions, A and B, to dryness; the residue being crystals from which a plating bath may be formed by the addition of the proper volume of water.
I do not desire to limit myself to the precise details of procedure above described, as it is obvious that various modifications may be made therein without departing from the essential features of my invention the same first with copper sulfate and then with zinc sulfate; adding iron sulfate to an aqueous solution of zinc sulfate; and mixing said two solutions. 3. A composition for coating aluminum with copper formed by adding to six volumes of water one volume of sulfuric. acid and saturating the same first with copper sulfate and then with zinc sulfate; adding iron sulfate to an aqueous solution of zinc. sulfate; and mixing said two solutions in the proportions of one-third of the former to two-thirds of the latter.
4. The process of forming a composition for coating aluminum with copper which consists in adding to six volumes of water one volume of sulfuric acid, then saturating said mixture successively with copper sulfate and zinc sulfate; adding to an aqueous solution of zinc=sulfatc in the. proportions of one ounce of said sulfate to eight ounces of Water, iron sulfate in the proportion of one-quarter ounce to each ounce of zinc sulfate; then mixing said two solutions in the proportions of one-third of the former to twcrthirds of the latter.
5. The process of forming a composition for coating aluminum with copper, which consists in saturating an aqueous solution vof sulfuric acid successively with copper sulfate and zinc. sulfate; adding iron sulfate to an aqueous solution of zinc sulfate; and mixing said two solutions.
(3. An acid composition for coating aluminum with copper, containing copper sulfate, zinc sulfate, and iron sulfate.
7. An aqueous composition adapted for coating aluminum with copper, containing copper sulfate and iron sulfate.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto signed my name. at Philadelphia, lennsyl- Vania, this th day of April, 1913.
RICHARD IIURLEY.
Witnesses ARTHUR E. PAIGE, ETHEL M. IMSOHWEILER.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US763736A US1372290A (en) | 1913-04-26 | 1913-04-26 | Composition for coating aluminum and process of making same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US763736A US1372290A (en) | 1913-04-26 | 1913-04-26 | Composition for coating aluminum and process of making same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US1372290A true US1372290A (en) | 1921-03-22 |
Family
ID=25068675
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US763736A Expired - Lifetime US1372290A (en) | 1913-04-26 | 1913-04-26 | Composition for coating aluminum and process of making same |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US1372290A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2676916A (en) * | 1949-09-23 | 1954-04-27 | Aluminum Co Of America | Electroplating on aluminum |
| US3878065A (en) * | 1974-01-30 | 1975-04-15 | Buckbee Mears Co | Process for forming solderable coating on alloys |
| US4670312A (en) * | 1985-02-07 | 1987-06-02 | John Raymond | Method for preparing aluminum for plating |
-
1913
- 1913-04-26 US US763736A patent/US1372290A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2676916A (en) * | 1949-09-23 | 1954-04-27 | Aluminum Co Of America | Electroplating on aluminum |
| US3878065A (en) * | 1974-01-30 | 1975-04-15 | Buckbee Mears Co | Process for forming solderable coating on alloys |
| US4670312A (en) * | 1985-02-07 | 1987-06-02 | John Raymond | Method for preparing aluminum for plating |
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