US1367915A - Electromagnetic apparatus - Google Patents

Description

M. C. A. LATOUR. uacmommwsnc APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-2. l9]!- l,367,915. Patented Feb. 8, 1921.

Attorney.

Y convenient frequency.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MARIUS G. A. LATOUB, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

mncrnomae nrxc APPARATUS..

13m ns.

ful Improvements in Electromagnetic Apparatus, of which-the following is a specication.

This invention relates to electro-magnetic apparatus. by means of which a given mass can bemade to oscillate or vibrate L at any i In particular, the

apparatus makes it possible to construct a vibrator that can be used for submarine telegr'aphy or telephong. The ordinary telep one represents -the -'typical apparatus of the kind We are about to describe.

In theaccompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of one form of my invention; Fig. 2 shows a modification in which a single pair of energizing coils is employed for both direct and alternating currents; Fig. 3 is a modificationin' which a condenser is employed to prevent the return of the continuous current toward" the source of alternating current; Fig; 4, illustrates a form of my invention in w ich ripposed electro-motive forces are employed;

ig. 4" shows a modification in which the windings are arranged in the manner of a- VVheatstonc bridge; Fig. 5 illustrates an arrangement in which a unitary flow is produced by means of a mercury rectifier; Fig. 6 shows the magnets eachprovided with a series of poles for the purpose of reducing the magnetic flux per pair ofpoles; Fig. 7 shows a multipolar arrangement similar to that of Fig. 6 but with the vibratory mass connected to opposed resilient means; and Fig. 8 shows the manner of obviating excessively high voltages across the winding by dividing the winding and inserting ca-- pacities.

Referring to Fig. 1, the mass of iron M is equally attracted by the two electromagnets A and A, excited by the source of continuous current S which supplies current to the windings E and E. The windings B and B are traversed by an alternating current in such a way that the magnetic flux produced by the alternating current is added to that of the direct current in one magnet and is opposed inthe other magnet, whereby the attractive force of one magnet is neutralized and the other increased at each alterna- Specification of Letters Patent:

tion. Under these circumstances it is clear that the mass of iron M will. be subjected to an alternating attraction assoon as an alternating voltage is applied between the terminals 1 and 2, and that consequently the mass will vibrate with the'frequenc of the alternating-voltage that is applied at these terminals.

The direction of excitation of the two electromagnets maybe such that the poles that Patented 8, 1921. Application filed August 2, 1917. Serial No. 184,181.

face one. another are of the same sign or of opposite signs; the only advantage of their being of op osite signs is in order that the continuous ux-may not complete its path in the'material of the movable mass 'AC( 30 1d1l'1g to the invention, the same wlndlngs may be used for the continuouscurrent excitation and for the alternatingc'urrent supply. Figs. 2, 3', 4 and 5 illustrate difi'ere'nt constructional forms.

- In Fig. 2 is shown a coil t, gwhich may be the secondary of the trans ormer connected to the source of supply of alternatin current).- The'alternatm'g current is led into the apparatus between the terminals 1 and 2. while thefsource'of continuous "current S is branched between the point com, mon to the windings KB, and themiddle,

point? of the ,c0il t According to F ig.3,

the windings B and B, of the electromagnets A and A, are 'both supplied with current by shunting across the terminals 1 and 2 of the source'of'alternating current; and the source of continuous current S is branched at any 1point of the circuit of the windings B and 1 consideredas'being connected in ser e relatively to this source. A

condenser G prevents the return of the continuous current toward the source of alternating current. 1 Y

In'Fig. 4, the source S' has been divided into two parts S and S symmetrically arranged w1th respect to one.another in such a way as to obviate the returnof the continuous current toward'the source of alternating current in consequence of the electromotive forces S and 8 being put into opposition relatively to the source of alternating current.

The windings B and E may each be divided into two windings B, B and B B,-; so as to constitute the four arms of 0. Wheatstone bridge, as shown in Fig.'4". The 8.1- ternating current will be led to the two ends of one diagonal and the continuous current tothe two ends of the other diagonal. The

two windings B, B, as well as the two windings B B constitute respectively the two opposite arms of the bridge.

Finally it will be realized that the electromagnet may be fed with intermittent current obtained for instance by means of a.

may be supplied with two-phase currents I sin t and cos 1., led respectively to the coils B and B and all continuous-current excitation may be dispensed with.

Under these circumstances the attractions on vthe two faces of the armature M will be at the same instant proportional to sin 6 and cos it.

' generator. v

The armature M will be urged by the difference between these two attractions, that is to say. by a force proportional to sin t cos 1..

The mass M therefore will vibrate at double the frequency of the two-phase currents that feed the apparatus, and perfectl symmetrical working will be obtained fbr the half-vibrations going and returning.

The use of two-phase current will lead to that of a two-phase generator, which might prove more economical both in construction and in efiiciency than a monophase In the apparatus described the electromagnets and the movable mass M are laminated so as to eliminate the Foucault currents. The lates of the movable be assembled by mere gripping. It is ad vantageous to reduce the volume of the mass M as muchas possible. To this end multipolar apparatus will be constructed in practice, as illustrated in Fig. 6, so as to reduce the thickness of the magneticcircuits. The flux per pair of poles being reduced as much as is desired by multiplying the number of pairs of poles, it follows therefromthat as small a sectibn as is desired may be adopted for the mass M. In fact it could even be constructed in the form of a thin full plate like the plate of a telephone. a

In Fig. 7 it is assumed that the polar system is divided into twoparts in such a way as to allow for the use of' the spindle that controls the vibrating this figure springs R, B, have been shownmass P, and in the mass M at rest in its mean which kee For. the springs R, R, any equivaposition.

lent resilient device such as pneumatic pistons, membranes fastened along their peripheries orother suitable device may be substituted.

mass may.

The air gap of the apparatus is in all cases made very small. The plate P, may be connected to the mass M through the medium of levers that increase the amplitude of the oscillations.

It is to-be observed that in order to bring the value of the power factor of the appa- 'ratus to unity. it will be necessary to connect a capacity in series with the alternatingcurrent circuit, unless the elasticity of the system sufiices for the purpose.

n account of this elasticity it may even be realized that the apparatus supplies wattless current to the network and it may be utilized for this special purpose.

Suitable air-holes may be provided for ventilation.

i In' drder to obviate excessively high voltnating current it ma sections, each of w age on the winding traversed by the alter be divided into several ich would comprise 9. ca acity C in series, as illustrated in Fig. 8.

llhe alternator employed for the pur ose of supplying current to-the apparatus might in the case of submarine apparatus be the same one that serves for the radiotelegraphic station if required,

The apparatus that we have described is applicable to all cases in which it is desired to make a mass oscillate whatever may be the such oscillapractical result obtained with be converted tion. It may in particular into a simple telephone.

The apparatus works reversibly, that is to say, if the mass M is set in oscillation an electromotive force appears in the coils B, B

In this way an electrical generator is obtained which can operateas an acoustical receiver. It may be indicated that the ap paratus is utilizable for submarine telegraphy as above set forth in the prelude to the descriptive portion of the specification. ltloreover, referring particularly to Fig. 7 of the drawing, it is observed, by way of further illustration ofthe use of my invention, that the piston p upon bein lun ed into water, oscillates and provides r indicating submarine telegraphy, as for example by the well. known Fessenden oscillator. Like said oscillator, my apparatus may be employed either as a generator, or as a receiver for submarine telegraphy.

\Vhat I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is z- 1. Elcctro-magnetic apparatus including opposed sets of electro-magnetic poles, a magnetizable body vibratably positioned between said poles, a continuous-current energizing means for certain sets of poles and an alternating current-energizing means for alternating sets of poles.

2. Electro-ma netic apparatus, including opposed sets of electro magnetic poles, a magnetizable body vibrata ly positioned between said poles, the poles of each electro- ,said electro-magnets, eac

magnet having alternating polarity, a con tinuous-current energizing means for cer tain poles and gizin" means for alternating sets of poles.

3. *lcctro-magnetie apparatus, including oppositely arranged electro-magnets, a magnetizable body vibratably )ositioned between of said electromagnets having several poles integral therewith, the poles of each electro-magnet having alternating polarity, the poles of one magnet being opposite those of the other magnet and arranged in sets, a continuous current-energizing means for certain sets of poles and an alternating current-energizing means for alternating sets of poles.

4. Electromagnetic apparatus, including opposed electro-magnets, a body of magnetic material vibratably positioned between said electro-magnets, a source of continuous current and a source of alternating current having capacities connected in series therean alternating current-ener with, said sources being connected to the energizing coils of said eleotro-magnets.

5. Electro-magnetic apparatus, comprising oppositely arranged electro-magnets, each havin a plurality of pairs of poles, the poles 0 one being alined with the poles of the otherfa body of magnetic material interposed therebetween, windin on alind poles of the electromagnets, said windings being connected in series with a sourceof continuous electric current, windings on other of the alined poles of the electro-magnets, said latter windings being connected in series with In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

, MARIUS C. A. LATOUR. \Vitnesses V EMILE BERTRAND, CHAS. P. PRESSLY.

a source of alternating currentfor the purpose set forth.

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